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- 저자 : Govindarajan (검색결과 57 건)
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Activity Guided Isolation of Antioxidant Tannoid Principles from Anogeissus latifolia
Raghavan Govindarajan1*,Madhavan Vijayakumar1,,Annie Shirwaikar2,,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat1,,Shanta Mehrotra1,,Palpu Pushpangadan1 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.3
Oxidative stress is an important causative factor in several human chronic diseases, such asatherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, mutagenesis, cancer, several neurodegenerative disorders, and the agingprocess. Phenolics and tannins are reported to be good antioxidants. Anogeissus latifolia (Combretaceae) bark hasnot available till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to isolate antioxidant compounds by activity-guided isolation. Inhibtion of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPH) and Xanthine oxidase along with photoc-hemiluminescence assay were used as bioassay for antioxidant activity. Activity guided isolation was carried outusing silica column and the compounds were quantified using HPLC. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction exhibitedpotent antioxidant activity. Bioassay-guided isolation led to isolation of ellagic acid (1) and dimethyl ellagic acid(2these three major tannoid principles present in A. latifolia, are responsible for the antioxidant potential andpossibly their therapeutic potential.
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In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Chlorophytum borivilianum
R. Govindarajan1,,N. Sreevidya1,,M. Vijayakumar1,,M. Thakur2,,V.K. Dixit2,,S. Mehrotra*1,,P. Pushpangadan1 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.3
Chlorophytum borivilianum Baker (Antharicaceae) comonly referred as ‘Safed Musli’ has beenwidely used in the Indian traditional systems of medicine to treat various diseases like rheumatism apart fromaphordisiac properties. C. borivilianum was screened for the first time to determine its antioxidant activity,isolation of the sapogenins and standardization of the isolated sapogenin fraction using HPTLC. Potent antioxidantactivity of ethanolic extract was found by their ability to scavenge DPPH (84.51%), hydroxyl radical (48.95 %),feryl bi-pyridyl complex (84.53%) along with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (67.17%) at 100g/mlconcentration. The ethanolic extract also exhibited significant inhibition of superoxide anion radical generated byplant in the traditional system especially its use as a Rasayana drug.
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Govindarajan, Krishna Kumar The Korean Pediatric Society 2018 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.61 No.6
Perforation of the esophagus is an uncommon problem with significant morbidity and mortality. In children undergoing endoscopy, the risk of perforation is higher when interventional endoscopy is performed. The clinical features depend upon the site of esophageal perforation. Opinions vary regarding the optimal treatment protocol, and the role of conservative management in this context is not well established. Esophageal perforation that occurs as a consequence of endoscopy in children requires careful evaluation and management, as outlined in this article.
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A Novel Mutation in the DNA Binding Domain of NFKB is Associated with Speckled Leukoplakia
Govindarajan, Giri Valanthan Veda,Bhanumurthy, Lokesh,Balasubramanian, Anandh,Ramanathan, Arvind Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7
Background: Activation and inactivation of nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells (NFKB) is tightly regulated to ensure effective onset and cessation of defensive inflammatory signaling. However, mutations within NFKB, or change in activation and inactivation molecules have been reported in a few cancers. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in India, with a development associated with malignant transformation of precancerous lesions, the genetic status of NFKB and relative rates of change in oral precancerous lesions remain unknown. Hence in the present study we investigated all twenty four exons of NFKB gene in two precancerous lesions, namely oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) to understand its occurrence, incidence and assess its possible contribution to malignant transformation. Materials and Methods: Chromosomal DNA isolated from twenty five each of OSMF and OL tissue biopsy samples were subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flanking twenty four exons of the NFKB gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing to elucidate the mutation status. Results: Sequence analysis identified a novel heterozygous mutation, c.419T>A causing substitution of leucine with glutamine at codon 140 (L140Q) in an OL sample. Conclusions: The identification of a substitution mutation L140Q within the DNA binding domain of NFKB in OL suggests that NFKB mutation may be relatively an early event during transformation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to have identified a missense mutation in NFKB in OL.
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Marimuthu Govindarajan,Mohan Rajeswary,S.L. Hoti,Kadarkarai MURUGAN,Kalimuthu Kovendan,Subramanian Arivoli,Giovanni Benelli 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.1
Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. However, the use of synthetic insecticides to control Culicidae may lead to high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. Plantborne compounds have been proposed for rapid extracellular synthesis ofmosquitocidal nanoparticles. Their impact against biological control agents of mosquito larval populations has been poorly studied. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the Clerodendrumchinense leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesis of AgNP was confirmed analyzing the excitation of surface Plasmon resonance using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the clustered and irregular shapes of Ag NP. The presence of silver was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis investigated the identity of secondary metabolites,which may act as Ag NP capping agents. The acute toxicity of C. chinense leaf extract and biosynthesized Ag NP was evaluated against larvae of Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, biosynthesized Ag NP showed higher toxicity against A. subpictus, A. albopictus, and C. tritaeniorhynchus with LC50 values of 10.23, 11.10 and 12.38 μg/mL, respectively. Biosynthesized Ag NPswere found safer to non-target organisms Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri and Gambusia affinis, with respective LC50 values ranging from647.05 to 6877.28 μg/ml. Overall, our results highlight that C. chinense-fabricated Ag NP are a promising and eco-friendly tool against larval populations ofmosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance, with negligible toxicity against non-target aquatic organisms. © 2015 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection
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Marimuthu Govindarajan,Giovanni Benelli 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2
Mosquito vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of pathogens and parasites of public health importance, including malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, lymphatic filariasis and Zika virus. Novel eco-friendly control tools against Culicidae are a priority. In this research, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Ormocarpum cochinchinense as a cheap, non-toxic material. The bioreduced Ag NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The acute toxicity of O. cochinchinense leaf extract and synthesized Ag NP was evaluated against larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, synthesized Ag NPs showed high toxicity against A. stephensi, A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus, with LC50 values of 10.43, 11.26 and 12.35 μg/mL, respectively. Synthesized Ag NPs were found safer to non-target mosquito predators Diplonychus indicus and Gambusia affinis, with LC50 values ranging from 522.13 to 637.70 μg/mL. Overall, this study firstly shed light to O. cochinchinense's potential as a bioresource for rapid, cheap and effective nanosynthesis of mosquitocides.
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Karthivashan, Govindarajan,Park, Shin-Young,Kim, Joon-Soo,Cho, Duk-Yeon,Ganesan, Palanivel,Choi, Dong-Kug MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.8
<P>Cognitive impairment and behavioral disparities are the distinctive baseline features to investigate in most animal models of neurodegenerative disease. However, neuronal complications are multifactorial and demand a suitable animal model to investigate their underlying basal mechanisms. By contrast, the numerous existing neurodegenerative studies have utilized various animal strains, leading to factual disparity. Choosing an optimal mouse strain for preliminary assessment of neuronal complications is therefore imperative. In this study, we systematically compared the behavioral, cognitive, cholinergic, and inflammatory impairments of outbred ICR and inbred C57BL/6 mice strains subject to scopolamine-induced amnesia. We then extended this study to the sub-strains C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J, where in addition to the above-mentioned parameters, their endogenous antioxidant levels and cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression were also evaluated. Compared with the ICR strain, the scopolamine-inflicted C57BL/6 strains exhibited a substantial reduction of spontaneous alternation and an approximately two-fold increase in inflammatory protein expression, compared to the control group. Among the sub-strains, scopolamine-treated C57BL/6N strains exhibited declined step-through latency, elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and inflammatory protein expression, associated with reduced endogenous antioxidant levels and p-CREB/BDNF expression, compared to the control and tacrine-treated groups. This indicates that the C57BL/6N strains exhibit significantly enhanced scopolamine-induced neuronal impairment compared to the other evaluated strains.</P>
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Karthivashan, Govindarajan,Ganesan, Palanivel,Park, Shin-Young,Kim, Joon-Soo,Choi, Dong-Kug Informa Healthcare 2018 DRUG DELIVERY Vol.25 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In recent years, the incidental rate of neurodegenerative disorders has increased proportionately with the aging population. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorders, and it is estimated to increase by roughly 30% among the aged population. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates – such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy. However, targeted drug delivery of these drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits several limitations including meager solubility, low bioavailability, and reduced efficiency due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Current advances in nanotechnology present opportunities to overcome such limitations in delivering active drug candidates. Nanodrug delivery systems are promising in targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing the penetration of drug molecules across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. Recently, a wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, metal based carriers etc., have been adapted to develop successful therapeutics with sustained release and improved efficacy. Here, we discuss few recently updated nano-drug delivery applications that have been adapted in the field of AD therapeutics, and future prospects on potential molecular targets for nano-drug delivery systems.</P>
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Krishna Kumar Govindarajan 대한소아청소년과학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.61 No.6
Perforation of the esophagus is an uncommon problem with significant morbidity and mortality. In children undergoing endoscopy, the risk of perforation is higher when interventional endoscopy is performed. The clinical features depend upon the site of esophageal perforation. Opinions vary regarding the optimal treatment protocol, and the role of conservative management in this context is not well established. Esophageal perforation that occurs as a consequence of endoscopy in children requires careful evaluation and management, as outlined in this article.
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