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정규화,Bao Le,Muhammad Amjad Nawaz,Hafiz Mamoon Rehman,Thu Le,양승환,Kirill S. Golokhvast,손은호 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.12
Auxin response factors (ARFs) encode one of the most abundant groups of auxin-mediated response transcription factors in higher plants and play a major role in various biological processes. The success of whole genome sequencing allows for comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of ARF genes in plants. Here, we identified 80 ARF genes belonging to five different groups in legume species, soybean (Glycine max, 55) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, 25), based on phylogenetic analysis and supported by motif analysis. There is no member ARF of common bean in group V which contained two members from soybean, GmARF12 and GmARF55. The duplication events among two species were also observed by using Ks values. A majority of the ARF genes (96.1 %; 38 GmARFs and 56.0 %, 14 PvARFs) were segmentally duplicated while only two and one of ARF G. max and P. vulgaris genes were tandemly duplicated, respectively. In addition, expression profiling indicated that ARF genes in soybean and common bean perform various functions in plant growth and development, excluding flowering development. Furthermore, diversity of cis-elements in promoter regions also revealed differential expression of ARF proteins.
Environmental impacts of genetically modified plants: A review
Tsatsakis, Aristidis M.,Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad,Kouretas, Demetrios,Balias, Georgios,Savolainen, Kai,Tutelyan, Victor A.,Golokhvast, Kirill S.,Lee, Jeong Dong,Yang, Seung Hwan,Chung, Gyuhwa Elsevier 2017 Environmental research Vol.156 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Powerful scientific techniques have caused dramatic expansion of genetically modified crops leading to altered agricultural practices posing direct and indirect environmental implications. Despite the enhanced yield potential, risks and biosafety concerns associated with such GM crops are the fundamental issues to be addressed. An increasing interest can be noted among the researchers and policy makers in exploring unintended effects of transgenes associated with gene flow, flow of naked DNA, weediness and chemical toxicity. The current state of knowledge reveals that GM crops impart damaging impacts on the environment such as modification in crop pervasiveness or invasiveness, the emergence of herbicide and insecticide tolerance, transgene stacking and disturbed biodiversity, but these impacts require a more in-depth view and critical research so as to unveil further facts. Most of the reviewed scientific resources provide similar conclusions and currently there is an insufficient amount of data available and up until today, the consumption of GM plant products are safe for consumption to a greater extent with few exceptions. This paper updates the undesirable impacts of GM crops and their products on target and non-target species and attempts to shed light on the emerging challenges and threats associated with it. Underpinning research also realizes the influence of GM crops on a disturbance in biodiversity, development of resistance and evolution slightly resembles with the effects of non-GM cultivation. Future prospects are also discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Environmental Implications of genetically modified organisms are the fundamental issues to be addressed. </LI> <LI> The unintended effects of genetically modified crops on environment are reviewed in relation to recent research. </LI> <LI> Biosafety concerns of genetically modified organisms need more in-depth explorations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>