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Glen Denmer R. Santok,Ali Abdel Raheem,Lawrence HCKim,장기돈,Trenton GH Lum,정병하,최영득,나군호 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.2
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictors of upgrading and degree of upgrading among patients who have initial Gleason score (GS) 6 treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the data of 359 men with an initial biopsy GS 6, localized prostate cancer who underwent RARP between July 2005 to June 2010 was performed. They were grouped into group 1 (nonupgrade) and group 2 (upgraded) based on their prostatectomy specimen GS. Logistic regression analysis of studied cases identified significant predictors of upgrading and the degree of upgrading after RARP. Results: The mean age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 63±7.5 years, 8.9±8.77 ng/mL, respectively. Median follow-up was 59 months (interquartile range, 47–70 months). On multivariable analysis, age, PSA, PSA density and ≥2 cores positive were predictors of upgrading with (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06; p=0.003; OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11; p=0.018; OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.98, p=0.04), respectively. On subanalysis, only PSA level of 10–20 ng/mL is associated with upgrading into GS ≥8. They also had lower biochemical recurrence free survival, cancer specific survival, and overall survival (p≤0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Gleason score 6 patients with PSA (10–20 ng/mL) have an increased risk of upgrading to pathologic GS (≥8), subsequently poorer oncological outcome thus require a stricter follow-up. These patients should be carefully counseled in making an optimal treatment decision.
Glen Gejerman,Patrick Ciccone,Martin Goldstein,Vincent Lanteri,Burton Schlecker,John Sanzone,Michael Esposito,Sergey Rome,Michael Ciccone,Eric Margolis,Robert Simon,Yijun Guo,Sri-Ram Pentakota,Hossein 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.6
Purpose: To evaluate the impact that the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines have had on the diagnosis of prostate cancer, we compared the incidence and distribution of new cases diagnosed in 2011-before the USPSTF PSA screening recommendations versus 2014 at which time the guidelines were widely adopted. Materials and Methods: We identified all prostate biopsies performed by a large urology group practice utilizing a centralized pathology lab. We examined total biopsies performed, percentage of positive biopsies, and for those with positive biopsies examined for differences in patient age, PSA, and Gleason score. Results: A total of 4,178 biopsies were identified – 2,513 in 2011 and 1,665 in 2014. The percentage of positive biopsies was 27% in 2011 versus 34% in 2014 (p<0.0001). Among patients with positive biopsies, we found statistically significant differences between the 2 cohorts in the median ages and Gleason scores. Patients were about 1 year younger in 2014 compared to 2011 (t-test; p=0.043). High Gleason scores (8–10) were diagnosed in 19% of the 2014 positive biopsies versus 9% in the 2011 positive biopsies (chi square; p<0.0001). Conclusions: After the widespread implementation of the 2011 USPTF PSA screening guidelines, 34% fewer biopsies were performed with a 29% increase in positive biopsy rates. We found a significantly higher incidence of high grade disease in 2014 compared with 2011. The percentage of patients with positive biopsies having Gleason scores 8–10 more than doubled in 2014. The higher incidence of these more aggressive cancers must be part of the discussion regarding PSA screening.
The Liberalization of Argentina's Economics Profession
Glen Biglaiser 한국공공정책학회 2003 공공정책연구 Vol.14 No.-
This essay seeks to explain the shift in Argentina's economics profession from structuralism to neoliberalism. It stresses the effect of international financial support and domestic demand for promoting market-oriented ideas. Financial aid provided by US government agencies and private foundations, and academic prospects for economists in their home countries influences the socialization of US economics abroad. By examining the economics professions in Argentina, this study details how values are introduced and spread through educational systems. It also indicates an innovative approach for proliferating US ideas that affects public policy abroad.
Glen Atlas,John K-J. Li,John B. Kostis 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.3
Purpose The esophageal Doppler monitor (EDM) hastraditionally been used for minimally-invasive and continuousassessment of both cardiac output and intravascular volume. These measurements are based upon a beat-to-beat analysisof the velocity of distal thoracic aortic blood flow. Thepurpose of this paper is to compare different mathematicalmodels of LV contractile function which could utilize theEDM and subsequently be determined on a continuous basis. Methods This study investigated velocity-based contractilitymodels: peak velocity, (PV); ejection fraction, EF; meanejection fraction, ; and maximum LV radial shorteningvelocity, . Also examined are acceleration-basedmodels: mean acceleration, (MA); force, (F); the maximumrate of rise of systolic arterial blood pressure, ; andkinetic energy, (KE). Results When normalized and subsequently observed on adimensionless basis, acceleration-based models appear tohave a statistically significant greater sensitivity to changesin LV contractility. Furthermore, by combining simultaneousarterial blood pressure measurements with EDM-based flow information, the components of afterload and their effects onLV contractility could be estimated. Conclusions Future research is warranted to determine theapplicability and limitations of the EDM in continuousassessment of LV contractility and related hemodynamicparameters.
Agenda-Setting and Policy Innovation: An Examination of College Student Aid Programs
Glen S,Krutz 한국공공정책학회 2003 공공정책연구 Vol.13 No.-
I investigate the decisions of American states to initiate state-level student financial aid programs for disadvantaged college and university students. Such decisions are termed policy innovations in the public policy literature. I argue that two missing but critical factors must be incorporated into explanations of state policy innovations in addition to the broad political factors previously examined by scholars. First, agenda-setting processes must be considered to understand why such innovations occur. Second, we must consider the potentially powerful role of the federal government in precipitating state policy innovations. My analysis focuses on two states-California and Nevada-while also considering what occurred in the other American states and in the federal government. I find that agenda-setting processes as well as broad political factors playa role in policy innovation. I also find an important role for the federal government in precipitating policy change in the states.
Applied Visual Arts : Perspectives on Art, Education and Research from a Journal Editor
Glen Coutts 한국국제미술교육학회 2015 미술과 교육 Vol.16 No.1
This article is based on a keynote presentation I made at the 2014 International Conference on Art Education Research Methods at Hanyang University, Seoul. In this article I present a personal perspective on two key aspects of my work, first as a professor of applied visual arts and second as editor of the International Journal of Education through Art. The first section of the article outlines the background to applied visual arts, including two case studies; the second section is based on my experience as editor of an art education journal. Throughout the article, my focus is on the relationship between art praxis, research and publishing.
Glen A. Jones 서울대학교 교육연구소 2013 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.14 No.1
Academic work has become increasingly fragmented. The horizontal fragmentation of the profession into disciplinary tribes has been accompanied by the increasing participation of student affairs and educational development professionals located outside the academic units but are actively engaged in academic work, such as supporting teaching and student learning. An increasing vertical fragmentation of academic work has recently occurred within academic units with the increasing employment of contract university teachers and research assistants. In Canada, horizontal and vertical fragmentations have occurred while universities and strong faculty unions have protected the “traditional” tenure-stream professoriate. Drawing on recent research, the author argues that these Canadian full-time faculties have high levels of job satisfaction and are well-remunerated, productive scholars. Maintaining the status and the supportive working conditions of the full-time, tenure-stream professoriate has largely been accomplished through labor cost efficiencies created by the increasing use of part-time, contractual university teachers, now frequently represented by labor unions that are distinct from their full-time peers. This article discusses the challenges for academic governance and leadership associated with this increasing fragmentation of academic work in the context of the “global” university.
Proctorship and mentoring: Its backbone and application in robotic surgery
Glen Denmer Santok,Ali Abdel Raheem,Lawrence HCKim,장기돈,정병하,최영득,나군호 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-
In pursuit of continuing medical education in robotic surgery, several forms of training have been implemented. This variable application of curriculum has brought acquisition of skills in a heterogeneous and unstandardized fashion from different parts of the world. Recently, efforts have been made to provide cost effective and well-structured curricula with the aim of bridging the gap between formal fellowship training and short courses. Proctorship training has been implicated on some curriculum to provide excellent progression during the learning curve while ensuring patient safety.