Soil Degradation, Hunger, and Sustainable Development in Subsaharan Africa

Ginger Tissier,Philippe Baveye 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Inspection Technology, Detection, and Compliance: Evidence from Florida Restaurant Inspections

Ginger Zhe Jin,Jung min Lee 고려대학교 미래성장연구소 2014 미래성장연구소 Working Paper Vol.2014 No.-

Many regulations mandate government employees to inspect economic entities on a regular basis. In this paper, we show that a small innovation in inspection technology can make substantial differences in inspection outcomes. For restaurant hygiene inspections, the state of Florida has introduced a handheld electronic device, the portable digital assistant (PDA), which reminds inspectors of about 1,000 potential violations that may be checked for. Using administrative data on inspections conducted from July 2003 to June 2009, we find that the adoption of PDAs led to 11% more detected violations. Subsequently, restaurants increased their compliance efforts, but the response was gradual. Nevertheless, the heightened compliance induced by PDA use has contributed to reducing the risk of restaurant-related foodborne disease outbreaks.

Fluctuating wind loads across gable-end buildings with planar and curved roofs

Ginger, J.D. Techno-Press 2004 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.7 No.6

Wind tunnel model studies were carried out to determine the wind load distribution on tributary areas near the gable-end of large, low-rise buildings with high pitch planar and curved roof shapes. Background pressure fluctuations on each tributary area are described by a series of uncorrelated modes given by the eigenvectors of the force covariance matrix. Analysis of eigenvalues shows that the dominant first mode contributes around 40% to the fluctuating pressures, and the eigenvector mode-shape generally follows the mean pressure distribution. The first mode contributes significantly to the fluctuating load effect, when its influence line is similar to the mode-shape. For such cases, the effective static pressure distribution closely follows the mean pressure distribution on the tributary area, and the quasi-static method would provide a good estimate of peak load effects.

Effect of building volume and opening size on fluctuating internal pressures

Ginger, John D.,Holmes, John D.,Kopp, Gregory A. Techno-Press 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.5

This paper considers internal pressure fluctuations for a range of building volumes and dominant wall opening areas. The study recognizes that the air flow in and out of the dominant opening in the envelope generates Helmholtz resonance, which can amplify the internal pressure fluctuations compared to the external pressure, at the opening. Numerical methods were used to estimate fluctuating standard deviation and peak (i.e. design) internal pressures from full-scale measured external pressures. The ratios of standard deviation and peak internal pressures to the external pressures at a dominant windward wall opening of area, AW are presented in terms of the non-dimensional opening size to volume parameter, $S^*=(a_s/\bar{U}_h)^2(A_W^{3/2}/V_{Ie})$ where $a_s$ is the speed of sound, $\bar{U}_h$ is the mean wind speed at the top of the building and $V_{Ie}$ is the effective internal volume. The standard deviation of internal pressure exceeds the external pressures at the opening, for $S^*$ greater than about 0.75, showing increasing amplification with increasing $S^*$. The peak internal pressure can be expected to exceed the peak external pressure at the opening by 10% to 50%, for $S^*$ greater than about 5. A dominant leeward wall opening also produces similar fluctuating internal pressure characteristics.

Characteristics of wind loads on roof cladding and fixings

Ginger, J.D. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.1

Analysis of pressures measured on the roof of the full-scale Texas Tech building and a 1/50 scale model of a typical house showed that the pressure fluctuations on cladding fastener and cladding-truss connection tributary areas have similar characteristics. The probability density functions of pressure fluctuations on these areas are negatively skewed from Gaussian, with pressure peak factors less than -5.5. The fluctuating pressure energy is mostly contained at full-scale frequencies of up to about 0.6 Hz. Pressure coefficients, $C_p$ and local pressure factors, $K_l$ given in the Australian wind load standard AS1170.2 are generally satisfactory, except for some small cladding fastener tributary areas near the edges.

Fluctuating wind loads across gable-end buildings with planar and curved roofs

J. D. Ginger 한국풍공학회 2004 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.7 No.6

Effect of building volume and opening size on fluctuating internal pressures

John D. Ginger,John D. Holmes,Gregory A. Kopp 한국풍공학회 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.5

This paper considers internal pressure fluctuations for a range of building volumes and dominant wall opening areas. The study recognizes that the air flow in and out of the dominant opening in the envelope generates Helmholtz resonance, which can amplify the internal pressure fluctuations compared to the external pressure, at the opening. Numerical methods were used to estimate fluctuating standard deviation and peak (i.e. design) internal pressures from full-scale measured external pressures. The ratios of standard deviation and peak internal pressures to the external pressures at a dominant windward wall opening of area, AW are presented in terms of the non-dimensional opening size to volume parameter, , where as is the speed of sound, is the mean wind speed at the top of the building and VIe is the effective internal volume. The standard deviation of internal pressure exceeds the external pressures at the opening, for greater than about 0.75, showing increasing amplification with increasing . The peak internal pressure can be expected to exceed the peak external pressure at the opening by 10% to 50%, for greater than about 5. A dominant leeward wall opening also produces similar fluctuating internal pressure characteristics.

Ecosystem Consequences of an Anomalously High Zooplankton Biomass in the South Sea of Korea

강영실,Ginger A. Rebstock 한국해양과학기술원 2004 Ocean science journal Vol.39 No.4

We used long time series of hydrographic and biological variables to examine the ecosystem consequences of a rare, anomalous event in the south sea of Korea. The highest zooplankton biomass in 36 years of sampling occurred in April 1997. Zooplankton biomass exceeded 2 times than the long-term mean at 35% of the stations. Copepod abundance was low in April and June and also failed to show a seasonal peak in 1997. Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) catches were very low in spring 1997 and 1999, in spite of a positive correlation between zooplankton biomass and mackerel catches at lags of 0, 12 and 24 months. It was discussed that a high zooplankton biomass with low copepod abundance in April 1997 resulted from unusual high temperature and salps abundance. Water temperatures were ca. 2°C higher than the long-term mean at the surface. Salps and doliolids (thaliaceans), especially the warm-water species Doliolum nationalis, dominated the zooplankton. An unusual incursion of the Tsushima Warm Current may have transported the thaliaceans into the area and/or produced favorable conditions for a bloom. This study suggested that taxonomic composition of zooplankton was important to decide mackerel catches.

Process Evaluation of a Mobile Weight Loss Intervention for Truck Drivers

Brad Wipfli,Ginger Hanson,Kent Anger,Diane L. Elliot,Todd Bodner,Victor Stevens,Ryan Olson 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1

Background: In a cluster-randomized trial, the Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention produced statistically significant and medically meaningful weight loss at 6 months (3.31 kg between-group difference). The current manuscript evaluates the relative impact of intervention components on study outcomes among participants in the intervention condition who reported for a postintervention health assessment (n ¼ 134) to encourage the adoption of effective tactics and inform future replications, tailoring, and enhancements. Methods: The Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention was implemented in a Webbased computer and smartphone-accessible format and included a group weight loss competition and body weight and behavioral self-monitoring with feedback, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. Indices were calculated to reflect engagement patterns for these components, and generalized linear models quantified predictive relationships between participation in intervention components and outcomes. Results: Participants who completed the full program-defined dose of the intervention had significantly greater weight loss than those who did not. Behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and health coaching were significant predictors of dietary changes, whereas behavioral and body weight selfmonitoring was the only significant predictor of changes in physical activity. Behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the strongest predictor of weight loss. Conclusion: Web-based self-monitoring of body weight and health behaviors was a particularly impactful tactic in our mobile health intervention. Findings advance the science of behavior change in mobile health intervention delivery and inform the development of health programs for dispersed populations.

Vulnerability model of an Australian high-set house subjected to cyclonic wind loading

Henderson, D.J.,Ginger, J.D. Techno-Press 2007 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.10 No.3

This paper assesses the damage to high-set rectangular-plan houses with low-pitch gable roofs (built in the 1960 and 70s in the northern parts of Australia) to wind speeds experienced in tropical cyclones. The study estimates the likely failure mode and percentage of failure for a representative proportion of houses with increasing wind speed. Structural reliability concepts are used to determine the levels of damage. The wind load and the component connection strengths are treated as random variables with log-normal distributions. These variables are derived from experiments, structural analysis, damage investigations and experience. This study also incorporates progressive failures and considers the inter-dependency between the structural components in the house, when estimating the types and percentages of the overall failures in the population of these houses. The progressively increasing percentage of houses being subjected to high internal pressures resulting from damage to the envelope is considered. Results from this study also compare favourably with levels of damage and related modes of failure for high-set houses observed in post-cyclone damage surveys.