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Regulation of Hepatic Energy Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis by BAD
Gimenez-Cassina, A.,Garcia-Haro, L.,Choi, C.,Osundiji, Mayowa A.,Lane, E.A.,Huang, H.,Yildirim, Muhammed A.,Szlyk, B.,Fisher, Jill K.,Polak, K.,Patton, E.,Wiwczar, J.,Godes, M.,Lee, D.,Robertson, K.,K Cell Press 2014 Cell metabolism Vol.19 No.2
The homeostatic balance of hepatic glucose utilization, storage, and production is exquisitely controlled by hormonal signals and hepatic carbon metabolism during fed and fasted states. How the liver senses extracellular glucose to cue glucose utilization versus production is not fully understood. We show that the physiologic balance of hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is regulated by Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), a protein with roles in apoptosis and metabolism. BAD deficiency reprograms hepatic substrate and energy metabolism toward diminished glycolysis, excess fatty acid oxidation, and exaggerated glucose production that escapes suppression by insulin. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that BAD's suppression of gluconeogenesis is actuated by phosphorylation of its BCL-2 homology (BH)-3 domain and subsequent activation of glucokinase. The physiologic relevance of these findings is evident from the ability of a BAD phosphomimic variant to counteract unrestrained gluconeogenesis and improve glycemia in leptin-resistant and high-fat diet models of diabetes and insulin resistance.
Biochemical Properties of an Extracellular Trehalase from Malbranchea pulchella var. Sulfurea
Marita Gimenez Pereira,Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães,Rosa Prazeres Melo Furriel,Maria de Lourdes,Hector Francisco Terenzi,Joao Atilio Jorge 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.5
The thermophilic fungus Malbranchea pulchella var. sulfurea produced good amounts of extracellular trehalase activity when grown for long periods on starch, maltose or glucose as the main carbon source. Studies with young cultures suggested that the main role of the extracellular acid trehalase is utilizing trehalose as a carbon source. The specific activity of the purified enzyme in the presence of manganese (680 U/mg protein) was comparable to that of other thermophilic fungi enzymes, but many times higher than the values reported for trehalases from other microbial sources. The apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 104 kDa by gel filtration and 52 kDa by SDS-PAGE, suggesting that the enzyme was composed by two subunits. The carbohydrate content of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 19% and the pI was 3.5. The optimum pH and temperature were 5.0-5.5 and 55°C, respectively. The purified enzyme was stimulated by manganese and inhibited by calcium ions, and insensitive to ATP and ADP, and 1 mM silver ions. The apparent K_M values for trehalose hydrolysis by the purified enzyme in the absence and presence of manganese chloride were 2.70±0.29 and 2.58±0.13 mM, respectively. Manganese ions affected only the apparent V_(max), increasing the catalytic efficiency value by 9.2-fold. The results reported herein indicate that Malbranchea pulchella produces a trehalase with mixed biochemical properties, different from the conventional acid and neutral enzymes and also from trehalases from other thermophilic fungi.
Value Extrapolation Technique to Solve Retrial Queues: A Comparative Perspective
Jose Manuel Gimenez-Guzman,Ma Jose Domenech-Benlloch,Vicent Pla,Vicente Casares-Giner,Jorge Martinez-Bauset 한국전자통신연구원 2008 ETRI Journal Vol.30 No.3
While the retrial phenomenon plays an important role in communication networks and should not be ignored, retrial systems do not present an exact analytic solution, so approximate techniques are required. To the best of our knowledge, all the existing techniques are based on computing the steady states probabilities. We propose another approach based on the relative state values which appear in the Howard equations. The results of the numerical evaluation carried out show that this solution outperforms previous approaches in terms of both accuracy and computation time.
Extracorporeal Pedicles for Free Flap Reconstruction in Diabetic Lower Extremity Wounds
Alejandro R. Gimenez,Daniel Lazo,Salomao Chade,Alex Fioravanti,Olimpio Colicchio,Daniel Alvarez,Ernani Junior,Sarth Raj,Amjed Abu-Ghname,Marco Maricevich 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.6
Diabetic foot ulcers are a severe complication of diabetes, and their management requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. When treating these ulcers, limb salvage remains the ultimate goal. In this article, we present the “hanging” free flap for the reconstruction of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers. This twostaged approach involves standard free flap harvest and inset; however, following inset the “hanging” pedicle is covered within a skin graft instead of making extraneous incisions within the undisturbed soft tissues or tunnels that can compress the vessels. After incorporation, a second-stage surgery is performed in 4 to 6 weeks which entails pedicle division, flap inset revision, and end-to-end reconstruction of the recipient vessel. Besides decreasing the number of incisions on diabetic patients, our novel technique utilizing the “hanging” pedicle simplifies flap monitoring and inset and allows reconstruction of recipient vessels to reestablish distal blood flow.
Layered Division Multiplexing With Multi-Radio-Frequency Channel Technologies
Garro, Eduardo,Gimenez, Jordi Joan,Sung Ik Park,Gomez-Barquero, David [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE transactions on broadcasting Vol.62 No.2
<P>The advanced television system committee (ATSC) is to release the next-generation U.S. digital terrestrial television standard, known as ATSC 3.0. Layered division multiplexing (LDM) is one of the new physical layer technologies included in the standard, which enables the efficient provision of mobile and fixed services by superposing two independent signals with different power levels. ATSC 3.0 has also adopted a novel transmission technique known as channel bonding (CB), which splits the data of a service into two sub-streams that are modulated and transmitted over two radio-frequency (RF) channels. This paper investigates the potential use cases, implementation aspects, and performance advantages, for combining LDM with CB and also with the multi-RF channel technology time frequency slicing (TFS) introduced in digital video broadcasting-terrestrial second generation (DVB-T2) (as an informative annex) and digital video broadcasting-next generation handheld (DVB-NGH) which allows distributing the data of a service across two or more RF channels by means of time slicing and frequency hopping.</P>
Review of Soil Structure Quantification from Soil Images
전현정,Daniel Gimenez,윤성원,박찬원,문용희,손연규,현병근 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Soil structure plays an important role in ecological system, since it controls transport and storage of air, gas,nutrients and solutions. The study of soil structure requires an understanding of the interrelations and interactions between the diverse soil components at various levels of organization. Investigations of the spatial distribution of pore/particle arrangements and the geometry of soil pore space can provide important information regarding ecological or crop system. Because of conveniences in image analyses and accuracy,these investigations have been thrived for a long time. Image analyses from soil sections through impregnated blocks of undisturbed soil (2 dimensional image analyses) or from 3 dimensional scanned soils by computer tomography allow quantitative assessment of the pore space. Image analysis techniques can be used to classify pore types and quantify pore structure without inaccurate or hard labor in laboratory. In this paper, the last 50years of the soil image analyses have been presented and measurements on various soil scales were introduced,as well. In addition to history of image analyses, a couple of examples for soil image analyses were displayed. The discussion was made on the applications of image analyses and techniques to quantify pore/soil structure.
윤성원,Daniel Gimenez,Attila Nemes,전현정,장용선,손연규,강성수,김명숙,김유학,하상건 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5
Soil hydraulic properties such as hydraulic conductivity or water retention which are costly to measure can be indirectly generated by soil pedotransfer function (PTF) using easily obtainable soil data. The field soil structure description which is routinely recorded could also be used in PTF as an input to reduce the uncertainty. The purposes of this study were to use qualitative morphological soil structure descriptions and soil structural index into PTF and to evaluate their contribution in the prediction of soil hydraulic properties. We transformed categorical morphological descriptions of soil structure into quantitative values using categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA). This approach was tested with a large data set from the US National Pedon Characterization database with the aid of a categorical regression tree analysis. Six different PTFs were used to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity and those results were averaged to quantify the uncertainty. Quantified morphological description was successively used in multiple linear regression approach to predict the averaged ensemble saturated conductivity. The selected stepwise regression model with only the transformed morphological variables and structural index as predictors predicted the Ksat with r2 = 0.48 (p = 0.018), indicating the feasibility of CATPCA approach. In a regression tree analysis, soil structure index and soil texture turned out to be important factors in the prediction of the hydraulic properties. Among structural descriptions size class turned out to be an important grouping parameter in the regression tree. Bulk density, clay content, W33 and structural index explained clusters selected by a two step clustering technique, implying the morphologically described soil structural features are closely related to soil physical as well as hydraulic properties. Although this study provided relatively new method which related soil structure description to soil structure index, the same approach should be tested using a datasets containing the actual measurement of hydraulic properties. More insight on the predictive power of soil structure index to estimate hydraulic properties would be achieved by considering measured the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil water retention.
Effect of Glycosylation on the Biochemical Properties of β-Xylosidases from Aspergillus versicolor
Alexandre Favarin Somera,Marita Gimenez Pereira,Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães,Maria de L.T. de M. Polizeli,Héctor Francisco Terenzi,Rosa Prazeres Melo Furriel,João Atílio Jorge 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.3
Aspergillus versicolor grown on xylan or xylose produces two β-xylosidases with differences in biochemical properties and degree of glycosylation. We investigated the alterations in the biochemical properties of these β-xylosidases after deglycosylation with Endo-H or PNGase F. After deglycosylation, both enzymes migrated faster in PAGE or SDS-PAGE exhibiting the same Rf. Temperature optimum of xylan-induced and xylose-induced β-xylosidases was 45°C and 40°C, respectively, and 35°C after deglycosylation. The xylan- induced enzyme was more active at acidic pH. After deglycosylation, both enzymes had the same pH optimum of 6.0. Thermal resistance at 55°C showed half-life of 15 min and 9 min for xylose- and xylan-induced enzymes, respectively. After deglycosylation, both enzymes exhibited half-lives of 7.5 min. Native enzymes exhibited different responses to ions, while deglycosylated enzymes exhibited identical responses. Limited proteolysis yielded similar polypeptide profiles for the deglycosylated enzymes, suggesting a common polypeptide core with differential glycosylation apparently responsible for their biochemical and biophysical differences.