보육시설에서의 유아 수학 교육을 위한 그림책 활용에 관한 교사의 인식

육길나,김숙령 한국영유아보육학회 2002 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.30

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental material for math education for young children, and to encourage teachers to use picture books. Fifty two picture books were analyzed. Two hundred sixty one teachers' opinions on the use of picture books for math education were investigated. Results indicated that picture books reflect the mathematical contents of the 6th National Kindergarten Curriculum. In addition, teachers recognize the necessities of the use of picture books for math education for young children. However, teachers also reported the difficulties in choosing and acquiring the picture books for math education.

성인 물질남용 환자의 치료결과와 관련된 요인

김길숙,박용천,남정현,안동현,오동열 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 본 연구는 성인 물질남용 환자의 치료프로그램 탈락율, 치료결과 및 예후에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1992년 9월 1일부터 1997년 4월 15일까지 국립서울정신병원 물질남용 입원치료프로그램에서 치료를 받고 퇴원한 환자 97명을 대상으로 병록지 검토를 통해 인구학적 특징, 물질남용상의 특징, 입원전 위험 행동력, 치료기간중의 특징이 치료완료여부와 관련이 있는지 분석해 보았고, 이중 전화추적조사가 가능했던 53명을 대상으로 물질남용 중단여부를 조사하고, 이와 관련된 요인을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1) 퇴원형태에 따라 59명의 탈락군(60.8%)과 38명의 완료군(39.2%)으로 나누어 비교한 결과 탈락군은 입원기간이 짧고, 자의 입원율이 낮으며, 난폭행동의 과거력이 많고, 규칙위반의 횟수가 많은 것으로 나타났다(p〈.05), 프로그램에서 탈락한 주 이유는 병동내 규칙위반(45.3%), 산책중 도망(23.7%), 외출, 외박중 미귀원(15.2%)의 순이었다. 2) 전화로 추적조사가 가능했던 53명중 32명이 물질남용을 중단했고(60.4%). 21명이 아직 남용중인 것으로(39.6%) 나타났다. 남용군은 공존정신질환의 빈도가 높고, 과거 정신과적 입원 횟수가 많으며, 자살기도력의 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다(p〈.05). 3) 물질남용을 중단하게 된 계기는 국립서울정신병원의 치료프로그램에 참여하고 난 후가 45.3%로 가장 많았고, 치료를 완료한 환자일수록 퇴원후 치료결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 물질남용을 중단한 환자일수록 직업을 가지고 있는 경우가 더 많았다(p〈.05). 결 론 : 물질남용 여부는 공존정신질환, 과거정신과적 입원횟수, 자살기도력등 동반된 정신과적 문제와 관련이 많은 것으로 나타나 이런 요인들에 대한 철저한 평가 및 치료가 필요할 것으로 추측되고, 환자의 동기는 치료를 완료하는 중요한 요인으로 나타나 입원 과정에서 치료에 대한 동기를 강화시킬 수 있는 정신과적 면담이나 전략이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : We investigated the factors related to the treatment outcome for substance abuse inpatients. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 97 patients who were discharged from the substance abuse treatment unit in Seoul National Mental Hospital. We then had follow-up telephone interview with 53 family members and / or patents of 97 patients. Results : 1) Among 97 discharged patients, 59 patients were dropped out, 38 patients graduated successfully from the treatment program. The dropout group had shorter treatment period, were more often admitted involuntarily, had greater incidence of violence history and violated ward rules more often(P<0.5). The main reasons for dropout were violation of rules(45.3%), escape during outdoor activities(3.7%), and refusal of return to the hospital(15.2%). 2) At the follow-up interview, 32 patients were abstaining from substances whereas 21 patients resumed use. The abuser group had more previous psychiatric admissions, more comorbid psychiatric disorders, and higher percentage of history of suicide attempts than the abstaining group(P<0.5). 3) After the discharge from the hospital, 45% of patients showed to discontinue substance. Treatment graduates were more in recovery from substance abuse. The abstaining group had a higher percentage of employment than the abuser group(P<0.5). Conclusion : The treatment outcome was more likely to be related with co-existing psychiatric problems such as previous psychiatric admission, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and history of suicide attempts. Therefore it is suggested that careful evaluation and appropriate treatment for such factors are needed for better treatment outcome. And psychiatric interview to enhance the motivation of patients is needed for completion of treatment.

Mathematica를 이용한 변환기하(Ⅰ)

김향숙,이길상 인제대학교기초과학연구소 1999 자연과학 Vol.3 No.-

수학이 다른 학문과 구별되는 뚜렷한 성질중의 하나는 연역적체계를 가지고 있다는 점이다. 수학은 양면성이 있어서 하나의 수학적 사실을 발견하고 창조하기까지 과정은 귀납이고, 일단 발견된 사실을 증명하는 과정은 연역이다. 그러나 지필 환경에서는 귀납적인 활동을 하기가 어려우므로 지필환경을 개선하여야 한다. 귀납은 여러대상으로부터 어떤 공통적인 요소를 추출하는 능력이므로, 학생에게 다양한 상황에서 탐구할 수 있는 환경을 만들어 주어야 하는데, 컴퓨터를 중심으로 하는 Technology를 활용한 수업활동은 학생들의 수업참여를 극대화시키고, 적절한 학습수준을 제시할 수 있으며, 새로운 수업방법을 도입함으로써 학생들에게 수학에 대한 관심과 태도를 증진시켜 줄 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 평면 변환기하의 모델을 Mathematica를 이용하여 제시하고, 또 Mathematica의 그래픽기능을 충분히 이용하여 교육적 효과를 높일 수 있는 자료들을 제공하고자 한다. The world we live in is callde the age of information. Thus communication and computers are doing the central role in it. When one studies the mathematical problem, the use of tools such as computers, calculators and technology is available for all students, and them students are actively engaged in reasoning, communicating, problem solving, and making commections with mathematics, between mathematics and other discriplines. The use of technology extends to include computer algebra systems, spreadsheets, dynamic geometry software and the Interndt, and help active learning of students by analyzing data and realizing mathematical models visually. In this paper, we introduce interesting, meaningful and visual models for transformation geonetry which are obtainde by using Mathematica.

가정에서의 환경의식과 행동에 관한 연구

윤정숙,조길수,이숙현,김수경 연세대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 生活科學論集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to environment-oriented consciousness and Behavior in family life. A questionnaire was prepared with 57 questions each question used the 5 scale Likert type. The questionnaire was administered to 327 housewives who had 6-24 year old children and lived in Seoul and Kimpo. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of the questions to measure acknowledgement of environment problems, consciousness of environmental pollution and recourses, environment-oriented behavior when buying, using, and disposing the living goods. The findings were as follows: 1) The level of environment-oriented consciousness and behavior of those housewives was high, but the scores of questions containing individual sacrifice and effort were lower than the others. 2) Environment-oriented consciousness and environment-oriented behavior were significantly correlated. According to level of those two factors, three groups(high, medium, low) were divided by cluster analysis. The effect of socio-economic factors (education level of housewives, number of children, employment state of housewives, living expenses) to environment-oriented consciousness and behavior was very weak.

WWW를 기반으로 한 레포트 검색 시스템의 설계 및 구현

김삼룡,최길림,박희숙 慶南專門大學 1998 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

과량의 방사선에 머리부분이 노출된 흰쥐 망막의 속핵층과 신경절세포의 미세구조변화

고정식,최숙경,양남길,안의태,박경호 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

이 실험은 머리부분이 많은 양이 방사선에 노출되었을 때, 망막 속핵층과 신경세포의 미세구조적 반응을 관찰하기 위하여 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중200-250g의 흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 마취상태에서 머리부분에만 방사선을 조사였다. 방사선조사는 선형가속기(Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator, ML-4MV)를 이용하였으며 1분당 200rad씩 연속 조사하여 3,000rad 또는 6,000rad를 조사한 후 6시간, 2일, 6일에 희생시켰다. 각 동물은 1% glutaradehyde- 1% paraformaldehyde액으로 관류고정한 다음, 안구를 적출하여 톱니둘레를 따라 절단한 후 망막의 일정부위에서 조직을 떼어내었다. 떼어낸 조직은 2.5% glutaradehyde- 1.5% paraformaldehyde 액에 일차고정한 다음 1% osmium tetroxide액에 이차 고정하였다. 고정된 조직은 수세와 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite혼합액에 포매한 다음 얇은 절편을 작성하여 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate로 염색한 후 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 무축삭신경원은 세포질의 전자밀도가 높은 어두운 세포(type 3)와 전자밀도가 낮은 밝은 세포로 구분되었으며, 밝은 세포는 핵의 윤곽이 매끄럽고 둥근 세포(type 1)와 핵막의 함입현상이 뚜렷한 세포(type 2)로 구분되었다. 2. 3,000rad의 X-선을 조사한 후 6시간군의 경우, 속핵층을 구성하는 세포들과 신경절세포에서는 속핵층을 구성하는 세포들과 신경절세포에서는 사립체와 세포막이 파괴되는 모습이 관찰되었는데 2일군의 경우 그 경향이 가장 심했다. 3. 3,000rad의 X-선을 조사한 후 6일군의 경우, 부챗살아교세포의 영역이 넓어져서 전체적인 모습이 2일군의 것에 비하여 많이 회복되어 보였다. 4. 6,000rad의 X-선을 조사한 후 6일군의 경우, 속핵층을 구성하는 세포들이 기저복합체 근처에서 관찰되었다. 5. 6,000rad의 X-선을 조사한 후 6시간부터, 부챗살아교세포는 미세사가 많고 전자밀도가 높은 변성된 세포들이 자주 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 고찰해 보면 머리부분이 3,000rad의 X-선에 노출되면 망막의 속핵층을 구성하는 세포들과 신경절세포는 처음에는 새포질소기관들과 세포막이 손상을 받으나, 6일 후에는 부챗살아교세포의 영역이 넓어져서 전체적인 구조가 많이 회복된다. 그러나 6,000rad정도의 방사선에 노출되면 부챗살아교세포도 변성되어 속핵층과 신경절세포층의 구조가 변성된다고 생각된다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the cell of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell of the rat retina following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The heads of the rats, under sodium thiopental anesthesia, were exposed to 3,000rads or 6,000rads of radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi linear accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80cm, and the dose rate was 200 rads/min. The experimental groups were sacrificed on 6hour, 2 and 6 days after X-ray irradiations. Under anesthesia, 1% glutaraldehyde-1% paraformaldehye solution was perfused through the heart. Pieces of the tissue taken from the posterior region of the retina were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde, and in 1% osmium tetroxide, and embedded in araldite mixture. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solutions and were observed with JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow: 1. Three type of amacrine cells were found, according to their electron densities and nuclear shape, i,e,dark amacrine cell with invaginated nucleus(type 3), light amacrine cell with round nucleus(type 1) and light amacrine cell wit invaginated nucleus(type 2). 2. Six hours after exposure to 3,000 rads of X-ray, morphological changes were observed in cytoplasm of the cells of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell: i.e., edematous changes, fragmentation of mitochondria, breakdown of the plasma membrane, etc. 3. Six days after exposure to 3,000rads of X-ray, many of the malformations were seen to be repaired, except the territory of activated Muller cell. 4. Six days after exposure to 6.000 rads of X-ray, cells of the inner nuclear layer were observed near the Bruch's membrane. 5. Six days after exposure to 6.000 rads of X-ray, darkly degenerated Muller cells were frequently observed. From the above results it wluded that 3,000rads of head-irradiation induces damages to the cell organelles in the cells of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell during the first few days, but many of the malformations can be repaired within six days. And 6,000rads of head irradiation leads to renaturation of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer of the retina, since the most of the Muller cells are degenerated within a few days following irradiation.

입원한 약물남용 청소년의 공존질환과 정신병리

김자성,곽영숙,김길숙 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.1

In order to investigate the comorbidity and the psychopathology off substance-abusing adolescent inpatients, We reiewed medical records of 28 psychiatric inpatients retrospectively and interviewed 17 psychiatric prospectively. Above subjects consist of 45 psychiatric inpatients admitted to Child-Adolescent unit at Seoul National Mental Hospital for treatment of substance abuse and other concurrent psychiatric disorders. The results were as follows: 1) The most frequently used substance was inhalants such as bond and butane gas, but female patients tended to perfer drug such as dextromethorphan. Motivations for initial substance use were maintenance of friendship and relief of unpleasant emotion. 2) Conduct disorder(88.9%), dysthymia(26.7%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(13.3%) and major depression(6.7%) were most frequent diagnoses. The patients with by-medical advice discharge had the higher percentage of depressive disorder(p〈0.05), the longer duration of admission(p〈0.01) and the higher level of improvement(p〈0.005) than the patients with against-medical advice discharge. 3) CBCL was useful in comprehensive understanding about behavior and substance abuse of adolescents and also useful in classifying conduct disorder into 4 groups by its characteristic CBCL Profile pattern. 4) Children of alcohol-abusing parents and physically and sexually abused children and adolescents may be high risk group for substance abuser in adolescents. From these results, careful evaluation and understanding of comorbidity and other risk factor are very important factor in the treatment and the prognosis of substance-abusing adolescent inpatients.

Ras 단백질 Cysteine Carboxyl Methyltransferase의 특성에 관한 연구

崔暉英,朴光淑,朴吉洪,柳總根 고려대학교 의과대학 1993 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.30 No.1

To understand the mechanism by which ras oncoprotein exhibits its physiological guanine nucleotide triphosphatase (GTPase) activity and pathological influence such as carcinogenesis, in depth knowledge on posttranslational processing is underscored. In the context, we focus on the biological role of enzymatic carboxyl methylation of C-terminal cysteine in ras family protein. Characterization of ras-protein cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase is the current objectives. Membrane extracts from bovine brain catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cystein (AFC). It was determined by counting the radioactivity from[^(14)C] methyl AFC, the product of the methylation reaction as the α-carboxylmethyl ester derivative of AFC. According to subcellular cell fractionation, significant AFC is 11.1 μM, for AdoMet 3.8 μM and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) was a competitive inhibitor with respect to AdoMet with an apparant Ki=1.8 μM. The change of methyl transferase activity following development of rat brain was analyzed and the highest specific activity was found 38 days after birth. respect to AdoMet with an apparant Ki=1:8 μM The change of methyl transferase activity following development of rat brain was analyzed and the highest specific activity was found 38 days after birth. Our results suggest that cystein carboxyl methyltransferase is distinct entity from protein methylase-Ⅱ (PM-Ⅱ) and associated with membrane in bovine brain conforming to previous reports.

정신분열병과 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate 수용체 유전자와 연관된 VNTR 표지자인 D9S158 다형성의 연합

김종원,채영규,정은기,김길숙,박강규,이영호,최인근,양병환,한진희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

정신분열병과 NMDA 수용체와 연관된 D9S158 유전적 표지자와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 75명의 정신분열병 환자군과 87명의 정상대조군을 대상으로 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 연합연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. D9S158 유전좌위에는 모두 8개의 대립유전자가 있었고, 각 대립유전자는 cytosine-adenine염기가 반복되는 217염기쌍에서 233염기쌍의 형태였다. 먼저 정신분열병 환자와 정상대조군의 대립유전자의 빈도를 비교해 본 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p〉.05). 환자군을 좀 더 동질적으로 만들기 위해 정신분열병의 가족력 유무, 음성 및 양성증상, 연성신경학적 징후, DSM-IV 임상아형에 따라 환자군을 나누어 대립유전자의 빈도를 비교해 본 결과, 특정 임상양상과 관련이 있는 대립유전자를 발견하지 못하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 D9S158 유전좌위와 정신분열병의 연관성을 입증하지 못하였으나 NMDA 수용체 유전자주위의 다른 표지자나 좀 더 유전적으로 동질한 환자군을 대상으로 한 추후연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. An association study with Korean schizophrenic patients(N=75) and normal controls(N=87) was performed to find the relationship between D9S158 polymorphism and schizophrenia using polymerase chain reaction. Eight different alleles of a dinucleotide polymorphism on D9S158 locus were observed in both group. When we compared the frequencies of alleles between schizophrenics and normal controls, there was no significant difference between two groups. To increase homogeneity of schizophrenic group, we divided schizophrenic group by clinical phenotypes such as family history, negative and positive symptoms(PANSS), soft neurologic signs(NES-K) and DSM-IV diagnostic subtypes. Then we compared the frequencies of alleles among subgroups of clinical phenotypes, and there were no significant differences between subgroups(p〉.05). Although our findings fail to provide an evidence of association between schizophrenia and D9S158 locus, further investigation of other loci that are linked to NMDA receptor gene may be needed in genetically homogeneous subgroups of schizophrenia.

국내 주요호수의 육수학적 조사 (1) : 옥정호

김범철,박주현,이병진,허우명,황길순,최광순,채기숙 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The limnological survey of Lake Okjong was conducted for one year from June 1993 to May 1994 on the monthly basis. The loading of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon from the watershed into the lake were monitored at the main in flowing sites. Secchi disc transparency , epilimnetic chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus concentration and primary production were in the range of 1.3~4.H m, 2.4~ 18.7 mg Chl/m³. 1.25~2.87 mg N/l, 7~65 mg P/m³, 325~2,113 mg C/m²/day, respectively. TN/Tl atomic ratio varled from 129 to 443. N/P ratio decreased in summer because phosphorus concentration was higher than in winter, while nitrogen did not vary much. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton was distinct. In winter and spring, diatoms, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and Aulacoseira italica were dominant while cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp.,M. ichthyovlabe, Phormidium sp. and P.valderianum var. tenuis were dominant in warm seasons. The dominant zooplankton species were Thertmocyclops taihokuensis in warm seasons while Boosmina longirostris were dominant in cold seasons. The organic carbon, nirtogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 8.0~14.8, 0.59~0.71, 1.14~1.87 ng N/g, respectively. The sediment of Lake Okjong can be classified as oligohumic based on C/N ratio. The total phosphorus loading from the watershed and fishfarm were estimated to be 2.7g P/m²/yr, which far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The organic carbon loading from the watershed and primary production were determined to be 998t C/yr, 6,348t C/yr, respectively. Most of organic carbon was contributed by autochthonous primary production of phytoplankton. Trophic state of Lake Okjong can be classified as eutrophic