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김용익,박행모,방기혁 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-
The purpose of this study was to develop instructional materials for the development of creativity through practical arts subject. This study was carried out mainly through literature review. The concept of creativity was organized as creativity domain(X axis) including cognitive and affective one, creativity dimension(Y axis) including historical creativity and psychological creativity, and the viewpoint of creativity level(Z axis) including novelty and appropriateness. In the future, creativity education in practical arts subject should be more emphasized because of creativity development education through practical arts subject was more effective than through other subjects. Most of preceding researches related to creativity in practical arts subject dealt with instructional model and guidance for creativity rather than development of various instructional materials. This study explored Treffinger's instructional model which was composed of difficulty finding, data finding, problem finding, solution finding, and acceptance finding. And, Instructional guidance plan related to 'woodworking lesson' was made at base of the model. Besides, other instructional materials for the improvement of creative thought was concretely presented. Finally, it was suggested that more instructional materials should be developed and a test for effectiveness of such a creative program should be made afterward.
안기완,홍승만,전의섭 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2
Iron deficiency is a common one of nutritional deficiency, which denotes a deficit in total body iron. resulting from iron requirements that exceed iron supply. It remains the most common cause of anemia, both in the Korea and world wide. The development of iron deficiency progresses in stage. storage iron depletion occurs first. at this stage, a bone marrow aspirate staine with Prussan blue shows marked reduced or absent deposits of iron in macrophages and accompained by a decreased in the level of serum ferritin. in the next stage, the iron binding capacity of the serum rises, followed by a drop in serum iron. the final stage is the development of microcytic and hypochromic in circulating red cells. Bone marrow examinations is not essential diagnostic modality of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but is necessary for early definitive diagnosis of IDA. So, We studied 65 cases of IDA patients who were performed bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. and 60 cases of normal healthy control from January 1990 to necember 1993 in Cho-sun University. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1) The total number of 65 patients were 26 males and 39 females. The peak incidence was at ages of 21-30 years and mean ages was 34.8 years. 2) Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common cause of IDA (gastric ulcer 23.1%, duodenal ulcer 9.2%, gastric cancer 9.2% and hemorrhagic gastritis 4.2 %). 3) Most patients showed medical attention because of general (61.5%), gastrointestinal (58.5%) or cardio-pulmonary (36.9%)symptoms. 4) The mean hemoglobin level was 7.71± 0.83 g/dl, Mean corpuscular volume(MCV) 71.63± 4.56 fL, Red cell volume distribution width(RDW) 17.23±0.72 %, corrected reticulocyte 1.49±0.45%, serum iron 35.07±25.45 ug/dl, TIBC 352.44±43.99 ug/dl and serum ferritin 8.93±8.42 ng/ml. The peripheral red cell morphology was mainly microcyhz and hypochromic ficture(89.2% and 87.7%). Bone marrow iron stians showed that the suitable iron was absent, grade 0 in 92.3% and grade 1 in 7.7% 5) All cases were treated with iron preparation and 26.2% with blood transfusion(from 1 unit to 15 units). 69.2% showed complete recovery with therapeutic maneuvers and 30.1% relapse or no reponse which was probably stemmed from uncorretability(9.2%), uncooperability (9.2%), side effect(3.1%) and replapse of underlying diseases(6.2%). IDA is not definitive diagnosis, but one of the clinical sign of etiologic diseases. So, for the definintive treatment. it is important that the etiologic diseases were corrected.
김용익,박행모,방기혁 광주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 初等敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.1
The purposes of this study were to justify the need of exclusive responsibility teachers in elementary practical arts subject, and to investigate the actual conditions and problems of practical arts' teacher education. This study was carried out through review of literature and questionnaire survey. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The need of exclusive responsibility teachers in elementary practical arts subject was could be justified in the aspect of social specified trend, special character of practical arts, and use of machine and equipment facilities. 2)Natural disposition needed for exclusive responsibility teachers in elementary practical arts subject was identified as possession of firm belief toward practical arts' philosophy and ideology, enough understanding and competence of practical arts, and complete knowledge and skill of instructional method. 3)The main problems of practical arts' teacher education was identified as the absences of educational goals in program, an unbalance among discipline parts, and the low degree of satisfaction toward teacher education program. 4)Therefore, it is necessary to establish the educational goals of program clearly, to coordinate the discipline parts proportionately, an to recommend and experimentation & practice in teaching and performance assessment.
실과교육에서 환경 친화력 향상을 위한 교수 자료 개발에 관한 연구
박행모,방기혁,김용익,기용주,김재남 광주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2000 初等敎育硏究 Vol.15 No.1
The purposes of this study were to investigate possibilities and objectives of environmental education, and to analyze the environmental content elements available in the 7th curriculum, and to suggest strategies for the development of teaching materials for the improvement of pro-environmental power in practical arts education. This study was carried out through review of literature and discussions with panels of judges composed of experts in the environment related fields. The results of this study were as follows; 1)It was identified that an environmental education through practical arts subject was very efficient because principles of environmental education coincided with characteristics of practical arts education which emphasizes on real life, direct experience, and inter-disciplinary approach. 2)It was identified that an environmental education in elementary school was reflected on different courses in a distributed way, contents related to the environmental education such as resources, environmental conservation, an environmental hygiene has been included in the practical arts subject from the 1th curriculum to the 7th curriculum of the elementary school. 3)It was identified that contents such as orientation of jobs related an environment, separate garbage collection, food hygiene, recycle of waste articles, environmental pollution, and an environmental conservation could be reflected in the 7th curriculum. 4)Proposed strategies for developing teaching materials related to the improvement of pro-environmental power in practicalarts education ware a consideration of environment education frame in entire school system, an emphasis of practical and experience, the maximum uses of concrete stimulus, the uses of various places and facilities, the active uses of web site through internet.
녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험
장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3
목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.
장영복,정태영,차기철,정형근,김성헌,김동진,유익근 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4
The characteristics of H₂ production from livestock wastewater were investigated through an anaerobic acid forming process using Clostridium beijerinckii and the photosynthetic process using Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The submerged separation membrane was installed in the acid forming reactor. The photosynthetic process is composed of two reactors(photosynthetic reactor 1 and photosynthetic reactor 2) which is connected continually. The removal rate of COD and the production of volatile fatty acid(VFA) in the acid forming process were approximately 50% and 1000㎎/ L, respectively. The 70% of COD in the effluent of acid forming process was removed through the photosynthetic process. The production of H₂ in the photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 50 and 25mLH₂/gVFA_(COD), respectively. The values of Y in acid forming reactor, photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 0.2263, 0.0601 and 0.0393, respectively. The acetic acid and butyric acid produced in acid forming process were converted to H₂ by photosynthetic bacteria.
태권도 품새 수련이 아동의 심박수, 심근산소소비량, 에너지 대사에 미치는 영향
정성태,전태원,박익렬,정덕조,우재홍,이광희,이동기,강현주 서울대학교 체육연구소 2000 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.21 No.1
The Taegeuk Poomse 1 through 8 of Taekwondo are based upon eight major branches of philosophical theories. The propose of this study was to investigate the nfluence of Taekwondo poomse trainning on heart rate, MVO2, energy metabolism in primary school students. Subjects for this study were eight male the fifth∼sixth grades students who participated in exercise program consist of Taekwondo poomse trainning in dojang which is located in Shinlim-2dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul(12.7± 0.5years, 150.8 ±4.6cm, 45.1 ± 9.4kg, 24.9 ± 9trainning length). The results of thet this study are as follows: 1) The average of heart rate was Taegeuk Poomse 1 through 8 of Taekwondo 90.57± 4.gbeats/min in rest and 139.7 ± 17.5beats/min in exercise. The minimum heart rate was 89.0±2.8, peak heart rate was 167.1 ±6.4 in exercise. It was ranged from 42% to 80% 2) of the max heart rate and ranged 42 to 65%HRmax. Taegeuk 1 Jang was differenced with others Jangs significantly(p<0.05), 2) The time of the Taegeuk 1 through 8 Jang of Taekwondo was 5minutes 12seconds. Heart rate was ranged from 90.6 ± 7.85beats/min to 171.8 ±8.Ibeats/min and increased linearly. 3) The average of the MVO2 was 11.1 ±0.78mmHg · bpm-3 in rest and 19.1 ± 1.2mmHg ㆍbpm-3 in exercise. MVO2 was ranged from 10.5mmHg · bpm-3 to 20.3mmHg · bpm-3. There were not difference between Taegeuk Poomses(p<0.05). 4) The energy metabolism was as follows: Mean VO2 Respiratory exchange ratio, energy consumption were 0.51(V02L/min),0.71(RQ),2.32Ckca1/min) in rest respectively. but In exercise Mean VO2 Respiratory exchange ratio, energy consumption were 0.89 ± 0.18( V 02L/min), 0.79±0.08(RQ), 4.26±0.51(kcal/min) respectively . The difference was only between Taegeuk 1 Jang and Taegeuk 3 Jang(p<0.05). This study showed that the Taekwondo Poomse trainning was proper exercise for fitness, body composition and weight control in normal, abnormal(obese) children because the Taekwondo trainning are dynamic and exciting sport.
한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률
조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4
Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.
ON THE EXACT SEQUENCE OF MODULES OVER R
Kim,Gi Ik,Oh,Heung Jun 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1990 자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.-
In this thesis we study some problems of the wxact sequence of modilws over R. We can prove that if given the diagram of modules over R and homomorphisms are represented such as the following diagram ??????????? here the row and column are exact sequence, then there are uniquely determined homomorphism d : H→ and a : X→K such that d·j=g and h·a=f respectively. Also we can show that a and d are isomorphisms.
ON THE ORDER OF EXTRA-SPECIAL GROUPS
Kim, Gi Ik 단국대학교 통계문제연구소 1990 數學 및 統計硏究 Vol.17 No.-
In this paper we study the relationship between the order of the extra-special group G and the set of degrees of its irreducible complex characters. Let G be a finite group. All group considered here are finite.