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Ghadiri, Elham,Shin, Donghyeop,Shafiee, Ashkan,Warren, Warren S.,Mitzi, David B. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.46
<P>In this paper, we analyze fundamental photoexcitation processes and charge carrier kinetics in Cu<SUB>2</SUB>BaSnS<SUB>4-<I>x</I></SUB>Se<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> (CBTSSe), a recently introduced alternative to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)<SUB>2</SUB> and Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4-<I>x</I></SUB>Se<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> (CZTSSe) photovoltaic/photoelectrochemical absorbers, using advanced laser spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The broadband pump-probe diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique facilitates monitoring the ultrafast processes in opaque CBTSSe films deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates, similar to the configuration found in functional devices. We spectrally resolve a sharp ground-state bleaching (GSB) peak for CBTSSe films, formed around the band edge transition, which is spectrally narrower than the GSB and stimulated emission in corresponding CZTSSe films. The presence of sharp electronic transitions is further deduced from the ensemble pump-probe spectroscopy and steady-state UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Furthermore, using pump-probe diffuse reflectance scanning microscopy, we monitor the charge carrier formation and excited state pattern within the film grains at few hundred nanometer resolution and localize the kinetics of photogenerated carriers in each grain. The unique sensitivity of pump-probe microscopy and sharp electronic transitions allow for detection of small S/Se stoichiometry variations, Δ<I>x</I> ≤ 0.3, in CBTSSe grains-i.e., features that are largely unresolved for ensemble spectroscopy or luminescence measurements. By noting the sharp band edge transition, we show that the band tailing issue (prevalent for CZTSSe) is largely resolved for CBTSSe; however, other issues may remain, such as deep defects and fast carriers relaxations, which may still impact the photocurrent and open circuit voltage of the CBTSSe devices/films examined.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
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Ghadiri, Fereshteh,Iranpour, Negar,Yunesian, Masud,Shadlou, Zahra,Kaviani, Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10
Background: Breast feeding is considered to be mutually beneficial for both mothers and infants, though the effect of lactation problems on development of breast lesions (whether benign or malignant) is not clear. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify possible relations between lactation problems and benign and malignant breast disease. Materials and Methods: 308 patients referred to two referral breast clinics in Tehran, the capital city of IR Iran, between January 2008 and January 2011, were recruited. They were interviewed by a standard questionnaire regarding breast feeding problems. The study population was classified in 3 major groups; breast feeding without any problem, unwillingness to breast feed according to whether mothers' preference not to feed or some breast problems like mastitis, and finally insufficient milk that caused the mothers to feed their babies with formula. Results: Recruiting binary logistic regression method, mother's unwillingness to feed her child by breast milk, and also breast problems such as mastitis and abscess during lactation period showed significant relation with both benign and malignant breast diseases (p value<0.01). Surprisingly, inadequate milk was not associated with any of these conditions. Conclusions: We concluded that lactation problems which involve normal milk drainage from the breast may play an important role in whether the mother wll subsequently develope both benign and malignant pathologies. In contrast in the situation that the production of the milk is not sufficient and there are no intentional or unintentional problems in drainage of the produced milk, future problems would not be more common.
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Ghadiri, M.,Waphare, B.N. Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.5
n-ary $H_v$-structures is a generalisation of both n-ary structures and $H_v$-structures. A wide class of n-ary $P-H_v$-groups is the n-ary $P-H_v$-groups that is concidered in this paper. In this paper the notion of a normal subgroup of an n-ary $P-H_v$-groups is introduced and the isomorphism theorems for n-ary $P-H_v$-groups are stated and proved. Also some examples and related properties are investigated.
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Hamid Ghadiri,Mohammad Reza Jahed-Motlagh,Mojtaba Barkhordari Yazdi 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2014 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.12 No.6
This paper considers the robust output observer-based guaranteed cost control (GCC) for a class of un-certain switched neutral systems (USNSs) where delays are discrete, neutral, and time-varying. This research emphasizes the cases where uncertainties are norm-bounded and time-varying. The GCC is the problem of obtaining an adequate level of performance index in addition to the exponential stability from a practical perspective. First, delay-dependent sufficient conditions are suggested using the average dwell time approach and the piecewise Lyapunov function technique in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the robust exponential stability via the output observer-based controller. The problem of uncertainty in USNSs is solved by designing a robust output observer-based control and applying Yakubovich lemma. Then, the corresponding conditions are obtained for USNSs via the applied controller under the GCC. The controller and the observer in an observer-based control problem cannot be designed separately, meaning that a separation principle does not hold in this re-search. Finally, a numerical example is given to determine the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
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Paromomycin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Characterization of Production Parameters
Maryam Ghadiri,Alireza Vatanara,Delaram Doroud,A. Roholamini Najafabadi 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.3
Paromomycin has been shown to have antileishmaniasis activity; however, its clinical use is restricted to some content owing to its poor skin penetration. To identify innovative methods of dermal administration of paromomycin and controlling the release delivery system,paromomycin was loaded into the solid lipid media as nanoparticles. Type of the method; microemulsion or solvent diffusion, the type of lipid; cetyl palmitate or stearic acid, were comparatively investigated on the average diameter,size distribution and entrapment efficiency of the lipid nanoparticles to maximize entrapment efficiency, reduce the particle size and its distribution. Three quantitative factors, paromomycin content, weight fraction of Tween 80and drug to lipid ratio, were also investigated at two levels for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) formulation in a fractional factorial design. The results indicated that microemulsion was the most efficient method and stearic acid was the preferred lipid for SLNs formulation. The average size of the particles was reduced to 299.08 nm and the entrapment efficiency was enhanced from immediate release to 24 h.
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M. Ghadiri,B. N. Waphare 한국전산응용수학회 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.5
n-ary H_v-structures is a generalisation of both n-ary structures and Hv-structures. A wide class of n-ary Hv-groups is the n-ary P-H_v-groups that is concidered in this paper. In this paper the notion of a normal subgroup of an n-ary P-H_v-group is introduced and the isomorphism theorems for n-ary P-H_v-groups are stated and proved. Also some examples and related properties are investigated.
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Evolutionary Algorithm-based Space Diversity for Imperfect Channel Estimation
( Zienab Pouladmast Ghadiri ),( Ayman A. El-saleh ),( Gobi Vetharatnam ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.5
In space diversity combining, conventional methods such as maximal ratio combining (MRC), equal gain combining (EGC) and selection combining (SC) are commonly used to improve the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) provided that the channel is perfectly estimated at the receiver. However, in practice, channel estimation is often imperfect and this indeed deteriorates the system performance. In this paper, diversity combining techniques based on two evolutionary algorithms, namely genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are proposed and compared. Numerical results indicate that the proposed methods outperform the conventional MRC, EGC and SC methods when the channel estimation is imperfect while it shows similar performance as that of MRC when the channel is perfectly estimated.
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Nonlocal geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of nanobeam using a meshless method
Mohammad Hossein Ghadiri Rad,Farzad Shahabian,Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.32 No.3
In the present paper, the element free Galerkin (EFG) method is developed for geometrically nonlinear analysis of deep beams considering small scale effect. To interpret the behavior of structure at the nano scale, the higher-order gradient elasticity nonlocal theory is taken into account. The radial point interpolation method with high order of continuity is used to construct the shape functions. The nonlinear equation of motion is derived using the principle of the minimization of total potential energy based on total Lagrangian approach. The Newmark method with the small time steps is used to solve the time dependent equations. At each time step, the iterative Newton-Raphson technique is applied to minimize the residential forces caused by the nonlinearity of the equations. The effects of nonlocal parameter and aspect ratio on stiffness and dynamic parameters are discussed by numerical examples. This paper furnishes a ground to develop the EFG method for large deformation analysis of structures considering small scale effects.
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Mohammad Hossein Ghadiri Rad,Farzad Shahabian,Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.35 No.1
The present paper outlined a procedure for geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of functionally graded graphene platelets-reinforced (GPLR-FG) nanocomposite cylinder subjected to mechanical shock loading. The governing equation of motion for large deformation problems is derived using meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method based on total lagrangian approach. In the MLPG method, the radial point interpolation technique is employed to construct the shape functions. A micromechanical model based on the Halpin-Tsai model and rule of mixture is used for formulation the nonlinear functionally graded distribution of GPLs in polymer matrix of composites. Energy dissipation in analyses of the structure responding to dynamic loads is considered using the Rayleigh damping. The Newmark-Newton/Raphson method which is an incremental-iterative approach is implemented to solve the nonlinear dynamic equations. The results of the proposed method for homogenous material are compared with the finite element ones. A very good agreement is achieved between the MLPG and FEM with very fine meshing. In addition, the results have demonstrated that the MLPG method is more effective method compared with the FEM for very large deformation problems due to avoiding mesh distortion issues. Finally, the effect of GPLs distribution on strength, stiffness and dynamic characteristics of the cylinder are discussed in details. The obtained results show that the distribution of GPLs changed the mechanical properties, so a classification of different types and volume fraction exponent is established. Indeed by comparing the obtained results, the best compromise of nanocomposite cylinder is determined in terms of mechanical and dynamic properties for different load patterns. All these applications have shown that the present MLPG method is very effective for geometrically nonlinear analyses of GPLR-FG nanocomposite cylinder because of vanishing mesh distortion issue in large deformation problems. In addition, since in proposed method the distributed nodes are used for discretization the problem domain (rather than the meshing), modeling the functionally graded media yields to more accurate results.
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