North Korea Nuclear Scenarios and a Road Map for the Non-nuclear Peace Regime on the Korean Peninsula

( Jun¸ Bong-geun ) 국립외교원 외교안보연구소 2017 IFANS FOCUS (영문) Vol.2017 No.76

다중흐름모형에서 정책기업가의 역할 시론적 연구 : 공무원 범죄에 관한 몰수 특례법(전두환 추징금 사례 1997~2013)의 개정 논의를 중심으로

Dong Kyu Lee,Dong Geun Yum,Jun Ho Lee,Kyoung Rok Kim 위기관리 이론과 실천 2014 Crisisonomy Vol.10 No.11

This study examines the preceding researches on the policy entrepreneurs at home and abroad and after discussing the policy entrepreneurs, analyzes the flow of the revision process of the partial revised bill(hereinafter referred to as Chun Doo-hwan Collection Law) of the confiscation special law about public official crime by administration using the multiple streams framework model, and this researcher attempts to analyze the activities of how the policy entrepreneur among diverse policy actors who plays an important role in opening policy window influenced the revision process in the process of enacting the partial revised bill of the confiscation special law about public official crime. And how the policy window of the partial revised bill of the confiscation special law about public official crime that was not opened in the previous administrations came to be opened in the Park Geun-hye administration is analyzed. The results of this study confirmed that in the previous administrations the policy entrepreneur to open the policy window did not appear but in the Park Geun-hye administration President Park Geun-hye played the role of the policy entrepreneur, producing Chun Doo-hwan 본 연구는 정책기업가 대한 국내외 선행연구를 검토하고, 정책 기업가에 대한 심도있는 논의를 하고자 하였다. 또한 공무원 범죄에 관한 몰수 특례법 일부 개정안(이하 전두환 추징법)의 정책과정을 다중흐름모형을 이용하여 각 정권별로 흐름을 분석하였다. 공무원 범죄에 관한 몰수 특례법 일부 개정안의 정책결정 과정에서, 정책기업가 (policy entrepreneur)가 어떻게 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 활동을 할 수 있었는지에 대한 분석을 시도하고자 한다. 그리고 이전 정권에서는 열리지 않던 ‘공무원 범죄에 관한 몰수 특례법’ 일부 개정안에 대한 정책의 창이 현재 박근혜 정부에 와서는 어떻게 열리게 되었는지에 대한 분석을 한다. 연구결과, 이전의 정권들에서는 정책의 창을 여는 정책기업가가 나타나지 않았고, 박근혜 정부에서는 박근혜 대통령이 정책기업가의 역할을 하여 전두환 추징법이 산출되었다는 것을 확인하였다.

복합 운동프로그램이 초등학생의 신체구성, 혈중지질 및 체력에 미치는 영향

전종귀,이왕록,박희근,정준현,이영란,신동원,이경숙 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2006 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of combined training on the changes of body composition, blood lipid profile and fitness in elementary school students. Thirty subjects participated in the present study. The subjects were divided into two groups either exercise group for 10weeks(15n) or control group for 10weeks(l5n) The results were described as follows; 1) There were significant differences in the body weight and lean body mass after the exercise program between two groups. 2) There were no significant differences in the blood TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG concentration after the exercise program between two groups. 3) There were significant differences in the sit-up and flexibility after the exercise group between two groups. In conclusion, it might be thought that the combined training improved the levels of body composition and health-related fitness in elementary subjects.

교흔으로 인해 발생한 Eikenella corrodens 간농양 1예

고근준,이은재,최형섭,김상수,최정은,임환섭,김준명,이꽃실 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.2

E. corrodens는 면역저하 환자에서 주로 문제를 일으키며, 감염시 두경부, 폐, 복부 등에 위험을 초래할 수 있어 치료의 적절성에 대한 중요성이 부각되고 있다. Eikenella corrodens는 균 동정을 위해 CO₂의 공급을 필요로 하며 서서히 자라는 특성상 까다로운 배양조건을 필요로 하는 균주이다. 혐기성 균주이지만 metronidazole이나 clindamycin과 같은 항균제에는 반응을 안하는 특이한 항생제 감수성에 의해 보편적인 구강내 상재균에 대한 경험적 치료에 실패할 수 있다. 치료에 있어 잘못된 초기 항생제 선택이나 외과적 시술이 적절히 시행되지 않은 경우에 치료실패의 요인이 될 수 있으므로 적절한 항생제 사용과 함께 외과적 처치가 동반되어야 한다. 저자들은 정상 면역력을 가진 성인에서 사람에게 물리고 난 후 발생한 E. corrodens에 의한 간농양의 적절한 치료의 결과를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Eikenella corrodens is a slow growing, facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rod that is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tracts. In most patients with E. corrodens infections, host defenses are compromised due to surgery, or chronic debilitating illness such as malignancies, or immunosuppressive therapy. This organism causes abscesses and infections that are at times fatal. We experienced a case of E. corrodens isolated from liver abscess in an immunocompetent patient. A 50-year-old man who is a dentist, was hospitalized because of fever and myalgia of 10 days' duration. Abdominal ultrasonography showed non-septated, 3.8×4.6 ㎝ sized abscess in the segment 6/7 of the liver. E. corrodens was isolated from aspiration of liver abscess. This organism was presumably acquired from his patient's oral cavity during dental procedure. We hope that increased awareness to E. corrodens will raise the index of suspicion, and contribute to optimal management of these infections, minimizing the significant morbidity associated with this organism.

전류모드방식 적분기의 구조개선을 통한 성능비교

이근호,조성익,방준호,김동용 全北大學校 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

In this paper, a CMOS fully-differential complementary current-mode integrator adequate to design low-voltage, low-power and high frequency application circuit. The designed fully-differential complementary current-mode integrator has a new architecture. When the improved integrator is compared with proposed current-mode integrator, the new integrator has lower power dissipation and higher frequency range. The small signal analysis results are showed in table.1 with several improved characteristics. And the results of PSPICE simulation using ORBIT company's 1.2㎛ CMOS n-well processing parameter shows fig. 3.

Tantalum Pentoxide 박막의 전기적 특성에 관한 연구

장충근,송재용,이기선,강준길,김수용 충남대학교 1990 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.17 No.2

Thin tantalum pentoxide(Ta_2O_5) films were deposited by oxygenassisted pyrolysis of tantalum methoxide using LPCVD method and their UV-absorption characteristics, X-ray diffraction, surface structure and I - V characteristics were investigated. Ta_2O_5 films as grown were originally amorphous and became polycrystalline hexagonal δ-Ta_2O_5 after annealing at 800℃ in the nitrogen gas atmosphere for 4 hours. The structures of the si_3N_4 films deposited by LPCVD were basically amorphous but mixed micro crystallites were observed in the films. For the Ta_2O_5 films of about 1000Å thick, the leakage current density through the films was 10 exp (-7) A/㎠ at 5 MV/㎝. The leakage current density was high and breakdown voltage was low with respect to Si_3N_4, Ta_2O_5 films could make them attractive in multiplayer dielectric thin films for memory devices.

마우스에서 자외선조사에 의한 피부주름형성에 대한 생약추출물의 억제효과

구성근, 배부희, 허진주, 미가, 강봉수, 김준형, 남상윤, 윤영원, 김종수, 이범준 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.3

본문참고

不良住宅地區의 政策方案에 關한 硏究 : 서울市 不良住宅地區의 住居實態分析을 中心으로

裵俊銶,李盛根 嶺南大學校社會科學硏究所 1982 社會科學硏究 Vol.2 No.2

1. Introduction In a rapidly developing and urbanizing country like Korea, housing has significant economic, social and political ramifications. Rapid urbanization has taken place primarily because the rural poor have migrated into large cities for employment opportunities and better living conditions. Consequently urban housing has become scarce in quantity, expensive in price, and overcrowded to the extent that doubling-up and tripling-up are commonplace. Coincident with these problems is that of the urban squatter settlements, which have become widespread and generate tremendous urban problems. The Korean government has devised numerous measures to tackle the squatter problem. The government's effort has been successful only in a limited sense; it improved the city's physical appearance through slum clearance and renewal. It is, however, subject to serious criticisms; and two of them are particularly significant: inconsistency in policies which often resulted in waste of resources, and deprivation of the individual rights of those directly affected. Another, equally serious as these, has to do with the intolerable financial burden that relocates have to bear. Such criticisms have forced the government to change its policy direction; and the recently considered, new policy measures are geared to selective redevelopment, and immediate legalization, with revised housing standards for squatters. Although it has not yet materialized, the idea is highly commendable. Obviously, more in-depth studies must be carried out; and a set of alternative courses of action generated and evaluated in terms of the legal, institutional and financial implications of each before the new policy is firmly set. Additionally, the on-going policies and programs ought to be rigorously assessed to gain insight from past experience. 2. The Definition of Squatter Dwellings The first question that must be answered is, what is a squatter home? The definition should differ from one country to another, depending upon the degree of squatter settlement concentration and the definition of housing quality and/or standards. The most difficult task in the process of defining substandard housing is to clarify the difference between a substandard unit and an illegal unit. Normally the degree of substandardness is measured in terms of qualitative housing standards, whereas illegal housing is defined simply by the absence of a legal title to the property. A.L. Mabogunje points out that the first step is measuring habitability is to consider the various types of functions that standards are meant to perform in shelter provision. In reviewing the standards for shelter provision, especially in developing countries, he offered a threefold division as follows; 1) Space-Use and Density Standards; 2) Health and Sanitation Standards; 3) Community Facilities and Services Standards. The first category includes minimum lot sizes, number of buildings per unit area, building bulk per unit, number of persons per room or number of persons per area. The second grouping, technological or performance standards, is intended to define the quality of environment, particularly in terms of the quality of construction, the type of materials that must be used, the quality of services that can be offered, or tolerable levels of toxicity. The third grouping defines the lower and upper limits of the size of population, and the area or distance to be served by particular amenities or community facilities. In Korea, however, the measuring criteria for substandard housing are primarily physical and legal. The Ministry of Construction (MOC) utilizes criteria somewhat a mixture of substandard and illegal housing as follows: -floor area is less than 7pyong (substandard) -illegal housing on public land (illegal) -housing without permission (illegal) -housing with inadequate building materials such as shacks (illegal or substandard) -lacking utilities such as electricity, water, and sewer etc, (substandard or illegal) The criteria used by the City of Seoul are similar to those of the MOC. The acquisition of proper title and building permission are two major legal criteria. According to these criteria, substandard housing includes both the legal but physically substandard as well as all illegally built housing. In this paper, therefore, the term (squatter) refers to both these categories of housing; i.e., legally and properly titled but substandard housing, and illegally built, improperly titled housing. 3. An Overview of the Squatter Areas Conditions 1) Physical conditions -materials of dwelling are used more durable materials compared to 1970, for example, cement bricks etc. -size of house became larger than '70, but under half of Seoul average. -total number of room per dwelling is almost equal to Seoul average, but total number of room used by a household is smaller than Seoul average. -housing facilities (sanitary etc.) became better than '70, but sanitary, sewage and waste disposal conditions are unhealthy and insufficient. -in summary physical condition and dwelling density are unhealthy, insufficient and overcrowded compared to Seoul average level. 2) Social conditions -a number of person per household is more than Seoul average, and the preferance to boy is stronger than the other survey areas. -the composition rate of traditional family is higher than Seoul average, and a number of tenements in dwelling is more than Seoul average. -occupations of household head are mainly unskilled workers and cottage industry workers. -the relationships of neighborhood and social networks are very friendly close and intimate. -they show strong interest to the redevelopment program of squatter communities. -residents don't to migrate long distance in a city, instead of moving to near squatter communities. -the period of settlement in present location is mainly before 1970. -present housing areas are considered as essential and critical base for their economical opportunities. 3) Economic conditions -monthly income don't reach to Seoul average, but it has increased compared to '70. -especially, the propensity to saving is high. -house prices and rents in squatter communities are cheaper than the other areas. 4. An Overview of The Redevelopment Policy The early squatter clearance projects, such as building clearance program, citizens apartment program, were ineffective. Squatter settlements policy has been ill-conceived and misguided; squatter settlements were regarded simply as a social disease and the people's welfare was totally overlooked. The City of Seoul enacted the Housing Rehabilitation Act in 1973. The act stipulated that local government would provide infrastructure and community services, and it allowed the government to take full control over the rehabilitation projects of squatters. With this legal support the city prepared the rehabilitation plan for 126,000 units by means of upgrading rather than relocation. The impact of the rehabilitation project was minor at best. The project failed to relate itself to the affordabilities of low income squatter families. Recognizing the failure of the housing rehabilitation policy for squatters provided by the Housing Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the City of Seoul strived to implement the redevelopment policy by means of clearing out squatter homes and constructing new dwelling units, mainly multifamily units, on the same sites. This approach began with the premise that an efficient and effective redevelopment policy should be well coordinated with overall city functions, such as location, community facilities, etc., and consider aesthetic factors as well. The government adopted the Urban Renewal Act in 1976 (December 31), replacing the Urban Redevelopment section of the City Planning Act which had been established after the Korean war (1950-1953). The renewal act of 1976 provided criteria for designating a redevelopment area, the qualifications of an implementing agency and procedures, and methods and procedures for participation of private developers, etc. 5. Evaluation of the Redevelopment Policy for Squatter Areas 1) Evaluation of Policy Objectives The objectives of current policy emphasize recovering the urban functions and aesthetic elements of the city by means of the physical removal and redevelopment of squatter rather than by improving the social welfare of squatter families. Although this ill-conceived and misguided policy has contributed to improving the city's aesthetics considerably, it has brought heavy financial burdens to squatter families, destroyed community integration, downgraded living environments through relocation activities, and consequently engendered sprawls of squatter dwellings on peripheral areas of the city. It is, therefore, difficult to justify the policy objectives of the current program. 2) Evaluation of methodology <Redevelopment> The redevelopment program, involving primarily demolition and renewal in the project areas, is found to have some merit in its renewal of densely developed squatter areas. Furthermore the program achieves the physical improvement of squatter life by securing open space, and the improvement of housing standards. However one has to look at the negative side as well which involves aggravation of the housing shortage and the heavy financial burden on the squatter. <Relocation> As an easy physical control measure implemented in those areas not eligible for either rehabilitation or redevelopment, a relocation policy has been utilized. The procedure begins with the notification of relocation within a one year period. If the families receive the notification to move within the required period, they are eligible for both a priority ticket for public housing accommodation and financial assistance in moving. Otherwise, all families in the area will be removed by force. The statistics for relocation, indicate that 55,169 units were removed by the end of 1978, and 48,103 newly formed units were being cleared. Since the relocation measure removed about 90% of the targeted units, it might imply the successful achievement of the measure statistically. However, the Third Illegal Housing Survey done in 1979 indicated that there were 30,000 additional units to be removed. The relocation policy has many difficulties and is unlike redevelopment which provides a better living environment. 6. The Policy Plan for Squatter Areas If one conceives only the physical improvement of squatter areas, the redevelopment approach has offered and would continuously offer great potential for accomplishing the housing policy objectives. The program was designed to clean up squatter settlements in the city core areas and build new residential complexes on them in accordance with a comprehensive plan. No other planning tool would provide the possibility for such radical change. Although the redevelopment program has much merit for reviving the city functionally and improving its aesthetics it is nevertheless, subject to many criticizms. If the city government is to solve the problem of housing shortage, attention must be given to these segments of society that are most desperately in need of housing, and not to those already in possession of homes. Even if the government is concerned more about the quality of the urban environment, workable and reasonable measures designed to improve the status of existing houses would be more effective than wholesale removal and resettlement. Regardless of what appears to be an obviously more realistic approach to housing policy, and regardless of the important functions that squatter settlements provide to needy residents, the government continues to treat squatters and squatter and squatter settlement both unwisely and unfairly. Squatter areas are regarded as an embarrassment and as the breeding ground for intense political instability. In this regard, John Turner has written: "The reasons for the failure of conventional housing programs, or of any program for the replacement of substandard dwellings, lie in the discrepancies between people's needs and the standards for housing set by the institutions. The immense variability of individual households' needs and the inelasticity of low-income people's housing demands, creates a difficult situation for governments.' The present policy lacks an appreciation for the positive functions that squatter settlements provide, and it endangers the fragile network of physical and social relationships that make it possible for the low-income squatter to survive and pursue a meaningful life in the city. It would be both more sensible and more humane to permit existing levels of squatter settlements to remain and allow the inhabitants to better their lives, than risk the potential negative effects and high costs, both social and individual, inherent in relocation. Much of the discussion has thus far focused on the government's failure to understand the real needs of low income, squatter families with respect to housing. Numerous attempts has been made to alleviate housing conditions of squatter families and yet many have resulted in worsening the situation. It is this paper's recommendation that most squatter settlements in Seoul should be immediately legalized, rehabilitated, and selectively redeveloped. Although squatters comprise the lowest socio-economic group of the urban population, it has been shown that they have a very high level of developmental motivation and aspiration. In no sense are these families down-and-out slum dwellers. They are hard-working, ambitious, and achievement-oriented working class households, who, if given the opportunity, can and will contribute greatly to the overall betterment of the city. As possible mitigation measures, some policy alternatives are proposed in this chapter. These measures deal with the clarification of definition, criteria reformulation, compiling of explicit date, implementation of modified redevelopment, relocation, and financial resources. -clarification of definition -reformulation of criteria -compiling explicit data -implementation of modified redevelopment -relocation -financial resources

C3H/Hej 마우스에서 모발성장에 대한 생약 추출물의 효과

구성근, 주진호, 허진주, 미가, 강봉수, 김준형, 남상윤, 윤영원, 이범준, 김종수 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.3

본문참고

HPLC-MS/MS를 이용하여 혈장 중 레보티인정의 정량분석

채석,오형근,이상선,김형기,손동렬,염윤기,맹주양,권준택 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.2

..