貧困의 槪念과 論爭

金亨圭,安秉根 경북대학교 교육대학원 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.-

Absolute poverty is commonly defined as a situation in which basic needs for physical survival are not sufficiently satisfied. For example, S. Rowntree(1901) defined families as being in 'primary poverty' if their total earnings are insufficient to obtain the minimum necessities for the maintenance of merely physical efficiency. On the other hand, definitions of poverty in relative terms are based on norms that attempt to take express account of actual deprivation with respect to average levels of needs satisfaction in the society in question. In this relativist view, there are three major points of view:①theory of relative deprivation(townsend, 1974), ②defining poverty as the fraction of mean income or median income(Atkinson, 1975, Fuchs, 1967) and ③defining poverty as a certain lowest percentile of the income distribution(Miller and Roby, 1971). One thing does seem to have clearly established:namely, that there must be a relative definition of poverty. The only person seriously to have questioned is Sen(1983) who presents a case for an absolutist approach. He had outlined the case for using an absolute approach to poverty related to the notion of capability and argued that the dispute on absolute vs. relative conceptualisation of poverty can be better resolved by being more explicit on the particular space (3.g., commodities, incomes, or capabilities) in which the concept is to be bases.

요추부 수술후 통증관리를 위하여 실시한 Morphine Sulfate를 이용한 Caudal Block의 효과

윤승환,박형천,김은영,전병윤,이홍식,이성근 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.6

인공지반조경에 대한 실태 및 선호도 조사 : 수원 영통 신도시 상업용 건물을 중심으로

서주환,이준근,전형석 경희대학교 디자인연구원 2001 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.4 No.1

It is being difficult to secure open space by glowing rapidly of the artificial ground by high-density of cities. This study researches and analyses actual condition, problems, consciousness and preference of artificial ground about buildings. And it offers base-knowledge and spreads landscape architecture of artificial ground. So deficient open spaces are settled and it tries to use by way of meaning base-research to improve environment of cities. It is possible for this study to grope direction of activation of landscape architecture of artificial ground reflecting positive effect

급속 열처리시킨 n-GaAs에서 Photoreflectance 연구

김인수,배인호,최재두,김근형 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The characteristics of rapid thermal annealed n-GaAs(100) is analyzed by the photoreflectance(PR) measurement. The Si highly doped n-GaAs was observed the FKO signals. The bandgap(E?) and surface electric field(E?) of as-grown sample were 1.423 eV and 2.65×10? V/cm, respectively. In the rapid thermal annealed samples, E? was increased and then decreased by increasing anealing temperature, and it was increased again at 800 ℃. These results could be explained by decreasing of the non-radiative recombination on samples. For the time dependence of the rapid thermal annealing, the amplitude of the PR signal was maximum at 20 sec, and E? was increased by 10.7 times than that of as-grown sample.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Flavonoids from Brugmansia arborea L. Flowers

( Hyoung-geun Kim ),( Davin Jang ),( Young Sung Jung ),( Hyun-ji Oh ),( Seon Min Oh ),( Yeong-geun Lee ),( Se Chan Kang ),( Dae-ok Kim ),( Dae Young Lee ),( Nam-in Baek ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.2

Brugmansia arborea L. (Solanaceae), commonly known as “angel’s trumpet,” is widely grown in North America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. It has been mainly used for ornamental purposes as well as analgesic, anti-rheumatic, vulnerary, decongestant, and anti-spasmodic materials. B. arborea is also reported to show anti-cholinergic activity, for which many alkaloids were reported to be principally responsible. However, to the best of our knowledge, a phytochemical study of B. arborea flowers has not yet been performed. Four flavonol glycosides (1-4) and one dihydroflavanol (5) were for the first time isolated from B. arborea flowers in this study. The flavonoids showed significant antioxidant capacities, suppressed nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) protein production increased by LPS treatment. The contents of compounds 1-4 in n-BuOH fraction were determined to be 3.8 ± 0.9%, 2.2 ± 0.5%, 20.3 ± 1.1%, and 2.3 ± 0.4%, respectively, and that of compound 5 in EtOAc fraction was determined to be 12.7 ± 0.7%, by HPLC experiment. These results suggest that flavonol glycosides (1-4) and dihydroflavanol (5) can serve as index components of B. arborea flowers in standardizing anti-inflammatory materials.

Relationship between Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Films Formed by Oxidation of Metallic Zn

( Geun Hyoung Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2010 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.6 No.4

ZnO nanowires were formed on ZnO films by the oxidation of Zn at a temperature of 600℃ in air. The maximum intensities of the (002) and (101) diffraction peaks were observed for the ZnO film with nanowires on its surface. The finding that the intensities of the (002) and (101) peaks simultaneously exhibited maximum values conflicts with the conventional XRD patterns reported in many other studies on ZnO films. The highest intensity of the (002) peak results from the better crystalline quality than films prepared at other oxidation temperatures, and the highest intensity of the (101) peak is attributed to the higher density of nanowires. In addition, the ZnO film with nanowires exhibited the strongest UV emission intensity.

Proteome analysis of human stomach tissue : Separation of soluble proteins by two - dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identification by mass spectrometry

Geun Hyoung Ha,Seung Uook Lee,Deok Gyeong Kang,Na-Young Ha,Soon Hee Kim,Jina Kim,Jong Min Bae,Jae Won Kim,Chang-Won Lee 한국생명과학회 2002 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.38 No.-

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps for human stomach tissue proteins have been prepared by displaying the protein components of the tissue by 2-DE and identifying them using mass spectrometry. This will enable us to present an overview of the proteins expressed in human stomach tissues and lays the basis for subsequent comparative proteome analysis studies with gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. In this study, 2-DE maps of soluble fraction proteins were prepared on two gel images with partially overlapping pH ranges of 4-7 and 6-9. On the gels covering pH 4-7 and pH 6-9, about 900 and 600 protein spots were detected on silver staining, respectively. For protein identification, proteins spots on micropreparative gels stained by colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 were excised, digested in-gel with trypsin, and analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting with delayed extraction-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (DE-MALDI-MS). In all, 243 protein spots (168 spots in acidic map and 75 spots in basic map) corresponding to 136 different proteins were identified. Besides these principal maps, maps of lower resolution, i.e. overview maps (displayed on pH 3-10 gels) for total homogenate and soluble fraction, are also presented with some identifications mapped on them. Based on the 2-DE maps presented in this study, a 2-DE database for human stomach tissue proteome has been constructed and available at http://proteome.gsnu.ac.kr/DB/2DPAGE/Stomach/. The 2-DE maps and the database resulting from this study will serve important resources for subsequent proteomic studies for analyzing the normal protein variability in healthy tissues and specific protein variations in diseased tissues.

Effect of bottom layer thickness on crystalline quality and surface roughness of ZnO film prepared by multistep deposition process

Geun-Hyoung Lee 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2012 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.13 No.S1

Multi-layered ZnO thin films were prepared through a multi-step deposition process on (0001) sapphire substrates by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering method. For comparison, single-layered ZnO films were fabricated by single-step deposition process. The multi-layered ZnO films consisted of three layers: the bottom layer, the intermediate layer and the top layer. The crystalline quality and surface roughness of the multi-layered films were superior to those of the single-layered films. The effect of bottom layer thickness on the crystalline quality and surface roughness of ZnO film was also studied. As the bottom layer thickness decreased, the intensity of (002) peak in X-ray diffraction spectrum increased and a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) peak became narrower, indicating the bottom layer thickness had a significant effect on the crystalline quality. The surface smoothness of the film was also improved with decreasing the bottom layer thickness. The optical bandgap was in substantial agreement with that of bulk ZnO with decreased bottom layer thickness.

Quantitative analyses of ricinoleic acid and ricinine in Ricinus communis extracts and its biopesticides

( Geun Hyoung Choi ),( Leesun Kim ),( Deuk Yeong Lee ),( Cho Long Jin ),( Sung Jin Lim ),( Byung Jun Park ),( Nam Jun Cho ),( Jin Hyo Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.2

The quantitative analytical method for the bioactive substance, 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone (ricinine) and an index compound, ricinoleic acid in castor plant (Ricinus communis) extract or oil was developed. For the determination of a pyridone alkaloid compound, ricinine, successive cartridge cleanup method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography was set up with ENVI-CarbTM (0.5 g) and C18 SPE cartridges. Accuracy and precision were evaluated through fortification studies of one biopesticide (PE) at 10 and 100 mg kg.1. Mean recoveries of ricinine were 98.7 and 96.0 % associated with less than 10 % RSD, respectively. For the determination of ricinoleic acid in castor extract and oil, saponification and methylation were optimized using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Recovery was more than 84.8 % associated with 6.2 % RSD after derivatization procedure. Both methodologies developed were applied to analyze real samples including three castor oil products and six commercially available biopesticides containing R. communis, collected at Korean market. The contents of ricinine and ricinoleic acid in most commercial biopesticides were less than the oil or extract contents indicated by label.