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Germán Chamorro-Cevallos,Leticia Garduño-Siciliano,Elizdath Martínez-Galero,Angélica Mojica-Villegas,Nicole Pages,Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.5
Benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[a]P) was used to test the possible antimutagenic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima (SP) on male and female mice. SP was orally administered at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of body weight to animals of both sexes for 2 weeks before starting the B[a]P (intraperitoneal injection) at 125 mg/kg of body weight for 5 consecutive days. For the male dominant lethal test, each male was caged with two untreated females per week for 3 weeks. For the female dominant lethal test, each female was caged for 1 week with one untreated male. All the females were evaluated 13–15 days after mating for incidence of pregnancy, total corpora lutea, total implants and pre- and postimplant losses. SP protected from B[a]P-induced pre- and postimplant losses in the male dominant lethal test, and from B[a]P-induced postimplantation losses in treated females. Moreover, SP treatment significantly reduced the detrimental effect of B[a]P on the quality of mouse semen. Our results illustrate the protective effects of SP in relation to B[a]P-induced genetic damage to germ cells. We conclude that SP, owing mainly to the presence of phycocyanin, could be of potential clinical interest in cancer treatment or prevention of relapse.
Germán Nic‑Matos,María Narváez,Santy Peraza‑Echeverría,Luis Sáenz,Carlos Oropeza 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.9
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) codes for a transcription cofactor involved in the activation of systemic acquired resistance, a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response. This work reports the cloning and characterization of two new genes, CnNPR1 and CnNPR3 from coconut, homologous to AtNPR1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. The cDNA deduced amino acid sequence contains the protein–protein interaction domains the BTB/POZ and ANKYRIN repeat domains, and a nuclear localization site (NLS). Phylogenetic analysis grouped CnNPR1 in a clade with AtNPR1 and CnNPR3 in a clade with AtNPR3, both reported genes of A. thaliana. Exogenous application of SA to coconut plantlets induced changes in the expression of CnNPR1 and CnNPR3 in leaf, stem and root tissues, providing evidence of their possible role in the signaling cascade leading to SAR in coconut palm. This is the first report on the cloning of putative key genes in the SAR-type defense mechanism in coconut palm.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a RC bridge subjected to seismic loading
Germán Nanclares,Daniel Ambrosini,Oscar Curadelli,Martín Domizio 국제구조공학회 2020 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.26 No.6
Collapse of bridges in recent earthquakes demonstrates the need to deepen the understanding of the behaviour of these structures against seismic actions. This paper presents a highly detailed numerical model of an actual bridge subjected to extreme seismic action which results in its collapse. Normally, nonlinear numerical models have high difficulties to achieve convergence when reinforced concrete is intended to be represented. The main objective of this work is to determine the efficiency of different passive control strategies to prevent the structural collapse of an existing bridge. Metallic dampers and seismic isolation by decoupling the mass were evaluated. The response is evaluated not only in terms of reduction of displacements, but also in increasing of shear force and axial force in key elements, which can be a negative characteristic of the systems studied. It can be concluded that the use of a metallic damper significantly reduces the horizontal displacements and ensures the integrity of the structure from extreme seismic actions. Moreover, the isolation of the deck, which in principle seems to be the most effective solution to protect existing bridges, proves inadequate for the case analysed due to its dynamic characteristics and its particular geometry and an unpredictable type of axial pounding in the columns. This unexpected effect on the isolation system would have been impossible to identify with simplified models.
Germán Mora,Lenna Blaser 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.1
Urbanization has the potential to affect riverine carbon exports, but relatively few studies have evaluated the potential effect of lithology on carbon fluxes in urban settings. To address this gap, four first-order streams in the Baltimore metropolitan area exhibiting different levels of impervious surfaces and catchment lithologies were examined for a span of ten weeks during a period of rainfall minima with the purpose of identifying sources and magnitudes of inorganic carbon transported by these streams during base flow conditions. Discharge, alkalinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ, whereas the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was determined in the laboratory. Abundances of DIC and pCO2 were estimated from the collected data, revealing that the stream with an increased forest coverage and a calcareous catchment consistently had the highest values for DIC, pCO2, alkalinity, and stable isotope ratios. DIC yields for the four studied streams were relatively low, ranging from 2.6 to 21.8 mmol C/m2-yr, and calculated pCO2 evasion rates were some of the lowest recorded values in temperate and boreal regions, ranging from 184 to 6451 g C/day. These low values possibly resulted from the low rainfall amount that prevailed during the sampling period, which limited both the transfer of soil-derived DIC to the studied streams and the subsequent emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. Stable isotope data linearly correlated with DIC, and this relation could reflect the lithological control of inorganic carbon in the studied streams, with a 13C-enriched source of DIC probably representing the dissolution of calcareous metamorphic rocks and some contribution of soil-respired CO2 and with a 13C-depleted source interpreted to result from a predominant contribution of soil-respired CO2. Thus, our results point to the dominant effect of catchment lithology in regulating stream DIC budgets in the studied suburban streams during low discharge conditions.
MEET THE COLOMBIAN MALL SHOPPER
Mauricio Losada Otalora,Germán Contreras Ramírez,Mark S. Rosenbaum 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.5
Colombia is an emerging country that has institutional stability and perspectives of fast economic growth. Indeed, despite decades of internal conflict and drug related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties (CIA World Factbook, 2014). Today, Colombia is Latin America’s fourth largest economy. Most importantly, the country is witnessing the benefits of governmental and economic stability, as evidenced by its commodity markets, strong macroeconomic policies, and improved security and infrastructure conditions. The bottom line is that Colombia has been witnessing strong economic performance since the early 2000s (OECD, 2013), and now its citizens are reaping the benefit of being new middle-class and upper-class members. A remarkable characteristic of emerging countries is the increase in the size and the economic power of their middle-class population (Bridsal, 2010). The middle-class is an ambiguous social classification, which reflects the ability of a group of citizens within a country to lead a comfortable life. These comforts include, stable housing, access to quality healthcare, educational opportunities, job security, and discretionary income that can be spent on vacation and other leisure pursuits (Kharas, 2010; p.7). As country’s become increasingly wealthier in term of gross national output, the country’s middle-class typically witnesses corresponding increases in income levels and more available cash to use for marketplace consumption. Indeed, in terms of Colombia, its middle-class represents approximately 26% of total consumption (Ferreiro et al., 2013; Bridsal, 2010; p.11). Perhaps, one of the common characteristics across all global middle-class populations is their unique affinity for mall shopping compared to the lower-class and upper-class populations (Jafferlot & van den Veer, 2008; Conroy, 1998). That is, middle- class consumers show strong preferences for visiting and patronizing modern department stores and shopping malls (Mathur, 2010). Indeed, shopping malls are important for newly minted middle-class populations because it signals to them they have reached a higher status and possess disposable income for engaging in shopping, luxury consumption, and entertainment activities (Banerjee & Duflo, 2008). Given Colombia’s economic growth and its newly created middle-class population, understanding consumption patterns among this group is well-warranted, especially given Colombia’s emerging nation status. Thus, the goal of this presentation is to introduce the global community to the growing and affluent Colombian middle-class consumers. We achieve this goal by exploring the types of mall shoppers that currently exist in Colombia and by exploring how consumption patterns differ between and among different demographic consumer segments. Interestingly, one of the primary findings that emerge from this research is that the Colombian middle-class consumer exhibits essentially the same consumption pattern as any other consumer in an industrialized nation. That is, the typical middle-class consumer is a female housewife who enjoys shopping as a leisure activity. In the following section, we discuss a brief review of the literature and then discuss our research methodology and findings. We conclude this extended abstract with a discussion of managerial and theoretical implications and research limitations.
Rodríguez-Gómez Irene,Sánchez-Martín Coral,García-García Francisco J.,García-Esquinas Esther,Miret Marta,Vicente-Rodriguez Germán,Gusi Narcís,Mañas Asier,Carnicero José A.,Gonzalez-Gross Marcela,Ayuso 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the associations of chronic diseases with changes in lifestyle and health behaviours in older people following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in Spain and compared the differences in changes over time. METHODS: 1,092 participants (80.3± 5.6 years; 66.5% female) from 2 Spanish cohorts were included. Telephone-based questionnaires were conducted to evaluate lifestyle and health risk behaviours at the end of lockdown and 7 months post-lockdown. Participants were classified as having physician-diagnosed chronic diseases based on self-reported data. Cox proportional models adjusted for major confounders were used. RESULTS: Compared to those without the corresponding chronic diseases, older people with hypertension were less likely to report increased alcohol consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.99). Pulmonary diseases were associated with lower risks of increased sedentary time (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.86) and worsened sleep quality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.87), while cardiovascular diseases were associated with a lower risk of decreased sedentary time (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.88). Depression was linked to a higher likelihood of improved diet quality (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.36). Cancer pacients were less likely to have worsened sleep quality (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.89) but more likely to have reduced their frequency of social contact (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.99). CONCLUSIONS: Older people with chronic diseases showed beneficial changes in lifestyle and health risk behaviours after the COVID-19 lockdown. In particular, older people with hypertension, pulmonary disease, and cancer tended to make beneficial lifestyle and health behaviour changes. However, older people with cardiovascular disease and depression engaged in more health risk behaviours.
Ale Ismael González-Casarez1,Santamaría-Montaño Germán Gerardo,Plancarte-Sánchez Ricardo,Guillén-Núñez María Rocío,Juárez-Lemus Ángel Manuel,Hernández-Porras Berenice Carolina,Samano-García Marcela,Ro 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.18 No.2
Background: The Gasserian ganglion is a well-known target for facial pain management, and patients with cancer present an anatomical challenge owing to tumor progression or treatment itself. Computed tomography (CT) is an alternative method for guiding these procedures.Methods: This was an observational retrospective analysis of patients with cancer-related facial pain who underwent CT-guided Gasserian ganglion interventions using local anesthetics, local anesthetics with steroids, phenol, and radiofrequency. Demographic, clinical, and procedure-related variables were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 30, 2018, at the National Cancer Institute. Data distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A paired sample t-test (with a cut-off of P < 0.05 for statistical significance) was used for comparing outcome.Results: We observed a significant reduction in numerical rating scale (NRS) and douleur neuropathique 4 (DN4) scores from 7.6 ± 1.4 and 4.4 ± 1.4 to 3.2 ± 2.0 and 2.2 ± 1.4 points, respectively (P < 0.001). After the procedure, 70.8% of the patients were satisfied; 16.7% were very satisfied, and 12.5% were unsatisfied. No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. The most common neoplasms were head and neck tumors (83.3%).Conclusions: Our data suggest that CT guidance is an effective and safe option for managing cancer-related facial pain in patients with complex anatomy, resulting in a significant reduction in pain, high satisfaction rates, and no mechanical complications. Future research should aim to refine the role of CT guidance in multimodal pain management in this population.
Alicia Aliena-Valero,Júlia Baixauli-Martín,Germán Torregrosa,José I. Tembl,Juan B. Salom 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.3
Mechanical thrombectomy renders the occluding clot available for analysis. Insights into thrombus composition could help establish the stroke cause. We aimed to investigate the value of clot composition analysis as a complementary diagnostic tool in determining the etiology of large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic strokes (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] registration # CRD42020199436). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we ran searches on Medline (using the PubMed interface) and Web of Science for studies reporting analyses of thrombi retrieved from LVO stroke patients subjected to mechanical thrombectomy (January 1, 2006 to September 21, 2020). The PubMed search was updated weekly up to February 22, 2021. Reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews were hand-searched. From 1,714 identified studies, 134 eligible studies (97 cohort studies, 31 case reports, and six case series) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Physical, histopathological, biological, and microbiological analyses provided information about the gross appearance, mechanical properties, structure, and composition of the thrombi. There were non-unanimous associations of thrombus size, structure, and composition (mainly proportions of fibrin and blood formed elements) with the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) etiology and underlying pathologies, and similarities between cryptogenic thrombi and those of known TOAST etiology. Individual thrombus analysis contributed to the diagnosis, mainly in atypical cases. Although cohort studies report an abundance of quantitative rates of main thrombus components, a definite clot signature for accurate diagnosis of stroke etiology is still lacking. Nevertheless, the qualitative examination of the embolus remains an invaluable tool for diagnosing individual cases, particularly regarding atypical stroke causes.
Spirulina (Arthrospira) Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Teratogenic Damage in Mice
Norma Paniagua-Castro,Gerardo Escalona-Cardoso,Dolores Hernández-Navarro,Ricardo Pérez-Pastén,Germán Chamorro-Cevallos 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.4
The role of Spirulina (Arthrospira) in preventing cadmium (Cd) teratogenicity in ICR mice was studied. Cd was administered intraperitoneally to female mice at 1.5 mg/kg on gestation day (GD)-7, and Spirulina was given by peroral (intragastric) administration at 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg from GD-0 through GD-17 (the day when animals were sacrificed). Because among the mechanisms suggested to account for reproductive damage are oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation, embryonic hydroperoxides were also determined. Treatment with Spirulina at the three highest doses significantly decreased the frequency of fetuses with exencephaly, micrognathia, and skeletal abnormalities induced by Cd. Furthermore, Spirulina treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased lipid peroxidation, which was dramatically increased by administration of the metal. The results of the present study clearly point to the therapeutic potential of Spirulina in Cd-induced teratogenicity and probably through its antioxidant activity.
Alain Tundidor-Camba,Claudio A. Terraza,Luis H. Tagle,Deysma Coll,Pablo Ortiz,Germán Pérez,Ignacio A. Jessop 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.3
Aromatic polyimides (PIs) containing a cyclopropylamide moiety as bulky polar pendant group were prepared in high yield and were structurally characterized. Polyimides containing 4,4’-hexafluoroisopropyliden diphthalic anhydride and bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane anhydride were soluble in aprotic polar organic solvents, while those PI derived from benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a keto central unit was insoluble. The relationship between bulky pendant group and the nature of the central moiety of the dianhydride monomer respect to the thermal properties of the PIs was studied. All PIs were thermally stable showing thermal decomposition temperature with the 10% weight loss (TDT10%) between 425-480 ºC. The glass transition temperature (Tg) values range between 265 and 315 oC. Mechanical properties from films of a selected PI were tested too.