Gold Nanoparticle-Based Detection of Hg(II) in an Aqueous Solution: Fluorescence Quenching and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Study

Ganbold, Erdene-Ochir,Park, Jin-Ho,Ock, Kwang-Su,Joo, Sang-Woo Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.2

We studied the detection of the Hg(II) concentration in an aqueous solution using rhodamine dyes on citrate-reduced Au nanoparticles (NPs). The quenching effect from Au NPs was found to decrease as the Hg(II) concentration increased under our experimental conditions. As the fluorescence signals intensified, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities reduced on the contrary due to less rhodamine dyes on Au NPs as the Hg(II) concentration increased. The rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and rhodamine 123 (Rh123) dyes were examined via fluorescence and SERS measurements depending on Hg(II) concentrations. Fast and easy fluorescence detection of an Hg (II) concentration as low as a few ppm could be achieved by naked eye using citrate-reduced Au NPs.

Comparison between Possibilistic c-Means (PCM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Classification Algorithms in Land use/ Land cover Classification

Ganbold, Ganchimeg,Chasia, Stanley Research Institute for Knowledge Content Developme 2017 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.6 No.2

There are several statistical classification algorithms available for land use/land cover classification. However, each has a certain bias or compromise. Some methods like the parallel piped approach in supervised classification, cannot classify continuous regions within a feature. On the other hand, while unsupervised classification method takes maximum advantage of spectral variability in an image, the maximally separable clusters in spectral space may not do much for our perception of important classes in a given study area. In this research, the output of an ANN algorithm was compared with the Possibilistic c-Means an improvement of the fuzzy c-Means on both moderate resolutions Landsat8 and a high resolution Formosat 2 images. The Formosat 2 image comes with an 8m spectral resolution on the multispectral data. This multispectral image data was resampled to 10m in order to maintain a uniform ratio of 1:3 against Landsat 8 image. Six classes were chosen for analysis including: Dense forest, eucalyptus, water, grassland, wheat and riverine sand. Using a standard false color composite (FCC), the six features reflected differently in the infrared region with wheat producing the brightest pixel values. Signature collection per class was therefore easily obtained for all classifications. The output of both ANN and FCM, were analyzed separately for accuracy and an error matrix generated to assess the quality and accuracy of the classification algorithms. When you compare the results of the two methods on a per-class-basis, ANN had a crisper output compared to PCM which yielded clusters with pixels especially on the moderate resolution Landsat 8 imagery.

몽골의 e스포츠 현황과 과제

Ganbold Nyamtsogt,허근식(Heo, Keonsik) 한국체육교육학회 2022 한국체육교육학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Subnanomolar detection of ochratoxin A using aptamer-attached silver nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Ganbold, E. O.,Lee, C.,Cho, E. M.,Son, S.,Kim, S.,Joo, S. W.,Yang, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Analytical methods Vol.6 No.11

We report a new approach for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) by introducing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This method is based on different adsorption propensities of Raman reporter Cy5-tagged OTA aptamer. The OTA aptamer could be easily adsorbed onto the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to give fairly strong SERS signals, whereas such bindings would be hampered in the presence of OTA. On the addition of OTA in the concentration range of 0.1-10 nM, the SERS signals appeared to decrease by similar to 40%, since OTA's aptamer could not adsorb onto the surface of AgNPs due to binding with OTA. We verified our results against a control experiment with warfarin, which did not affect the SERS signals. A nanomolar detection limit of OTA was achieved using the current SERS-based method.

Genetic diversity and the origin of Mongolian native sheep

Ganbold, Onolragchaa,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Seo, Dongwon,Paek, Woon Kee,Manjula, Prabuddha,Munkhbayar, Munkhbaatar,Lee, Jun Heon Elsevier 2019 Livestock science Vol.220 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sheep herding remains the main economic activity in Mongolia. Domestic sheep play key roles for Mongolians, providing food, clothing, and raw materials for traditional housing. The molecular and population genetic status of Mongolian native sheep (MNS) is not well understood mostly due to a lack of material and trained personnel. In this study, we initially examined the genetic diversity, population structure, and the phylogenetic status of MNS using 1070 bp long 88 partial mitochondrial DNA sequences and 187 (525 bp) reference sequences that represented 40 breeds from Eurasian and African countries. We found 39 haplotypes defined by 39 variable sites among MNS’ 88 sequences. Overall haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.93 ± 0.01 and 0.0060, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed three (A, B, and C) previously identified haplogroups in MNS. In addition, Mongolia (as part of the Mongolian Plateau) played a key role in the arrival of sheep in eastern Eurasia. Moreover, we observed less genetic differentiation between breeds from China and Mongolia, which shared 10 haplotypes. Our findings highlight a high level of genetic diversity in MNS, boding well for conservation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The initial genetic diversity study for Mongolian native sheep using mtDNA sequences. </LI> <LI> A total of 39 haplotypes defined by 39 variable sites in 88 sequences. </LI> <LI> There are three identified haplogroups (A, B and C) and 10 haplotypes shared with Chinese breeds. </LI> </UL> </P>

Reversed sexual size dimorphism: body size patterns in sexes of lesser kestrels (<i>Falco naumanni</i>) in the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Ganbold, Onolragchaa,Reading, Richard P.,Wingard, Ganchimeg J.,Paek, Woon Kee,Tsolmonjav, Purevsuren,Jargalsaikhan, Ariunbold,Khuderchuluun, Otgontsetseg,Azua, John Elsevier 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity(Online) Vol.12 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In normal sexual size dimorphism, males generally possess larger body sizes than females in vertebrates, especially birds, mammals, and some reptiles. However, most birds of prey from the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes have reversed sexual dimorphism (RSD) in body size (i.e., females larger than males). We investigated the degree of RSD in lesser kestrels (<I>Falco naumanni</I>), a small falcon breeding in Mongolia, which may contribute to a better understanding of body size variation based on gender for other birds of prey that do not have plumage dimorphism. We explored the degree of RSD between male and female lesser kestrels in a semidesert region of Mongolia by capturing and measuring 79 males and 83 females during the breeding seasons of 2007 through 2016. Our 10 years of data showed that females were significantly larger than males in five of nine measurements, with an especially high degree of RSD in body weight and bill measurements. For males, we found significant relationships between body weight and both tail length and wingspan, but no significant relationships for females. Our results support previous hypotheses raised to explain RSD in birds of prey.</P>

Mitochondrial DNA variation and phylogeography of native Mongolian goats

Ganbold, Onolragchaa,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Paek, Woon Kee,Munkhbayar, Munkhbaatar,Seo, Dongwon,Manjula, Prabuddha,Khujuu, Tamir,Purevee, Erdenetushig,Lee, Jun Heon Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.6

Objective: Mongolia is one of a few countries that supports over 25 million goats, but genetic diversity, demographic history, and the origin of goat populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic status and population structure of Mongolian native goats, as well as to discuss their origin together with other foreign breeds from different countries using hypervariable region 1 (HV1) in mtDNA. Methods: In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of Mongolian native goat populations using a 452 base-pair long fragment of HVI of mitochondrial DNA from 174 individuals representing 12 populations. In addition, 329 previously published reference sequences from different regions were included in our phylogenetic analyses. Results: Investigated native Mongolian goats displayed relatively high genetic diversities. After sequencing, we found a total of 109 polymorphic sites that defined 137 haplotypes among investigated populations. Of these, haplotype and nucleotide diversities of Mongolian goats were calculated as 0.997±0.001 and 0.0283±0.002, respectively. These haplotypes clearly clustered into four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), with the predominance of haplogroup A (90.8%). Estimates of pairwise differences (Fst) and the analysis of molecular variance values among goat populations in Mongolia showed low genetic differentiation and weak geographical structure. In addition, Kazakh, Chinese (from Huanghuai and Leizhou), and Arabian (Turkish and Baladi breeds) goats had smaller genetic differentiation compared to Mongolian goats. Conclusion: In summary, we report novel information regarding genetic diversity, population structure, and origin of Mongolian goats. The findings obtained from this study reveal that abundant haplogroups (A to D) occur in goat populations in Mongolia, with high levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity.

Globally threatened birds in Mongolia: a review

Ganbold, Onolragchaa,Munkhbayar, Munkhbaatar,Paik, In-Hwan,Bing, Gi-Chang,Jargalsaikhan, Ariunbold,Purevee, Erdenetushig,Peak, Woon Kee Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity(Online) Vol.10 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper reviews status of globally threatened birds (GTBs) in Mongolia. Here, we review 26 GTBs from eight orders. In addition, we summarize 10 GTBs recorded during our 2016 field surveys. Swan Geese were most numerous and most frequently sighted of the GTBs with mean 33.8 ± 54.1 counted birds. The Mongolian avifauna survey assessed 476 species of 19 different orders. Twenty-six (5.1%) out of 476 species are listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as GTBs. In addition, there is still a huge lack of investigation for GTBs (indeed, all avifauna) of Mongolia.</P>

Diet composition of lesser kestrels in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Ganbold, Onolragchaa,Azua, John,Suuri, Buyandelger,Paik, In-Hwan,Khuderchuluun, Otgontsetseg,Paek, Woon Kee,Reading, Richard P. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity(Online) Vol.10 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The lesser kestrel is recognized as “Least Concern” in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List since 2011. So far, all available diet studies on the lesser kestrel were conducted in its European range or in partial African breeding and nonbreeding range. In particular, little is known about the feeding behavior of this small falcon in Asian ranges. Thus, this study can be considered as the first to examine the diet composition of the central Asian breeding populations of lesser kestrels. This study aims to provide some information about the diet composition of this species among Asian populations through biological and ecological investigations. Pellets (<I>n</I> = 762) dropped by lesser kestrel (<I>Falco naumanni</I>) were collected during their breeding season from nine to 10 colony sites in Ikh Nart, between June and September of 2009 and 2010, and analyzed. A total of 1,484 prey items were identified in the pellets collected. After a measure of their weight (g) and length and width (mm), we carefully examined each pellet and separated all prey remains using tweezers. Our results indicated that insects (including orthopterans and coleopterans) were dominant in lesser kestrel’s diets. We found that the lesser kestrel’s diet mainly consisted of insects (69.7%), lizards (17.4%), small mammals (10%), small birds (2%), and other food (1%).</P>

몽골 여성 소비자의 명품 소비가치 세분화와 브랜드 개성 및 구매행동에 관한 연구

Ganbold Amarjargal,김종훈,박지선 복식문화학회 2018 服飾文化硏究 Vol.26 No.3

The current study aimed to segment Mongolian female consumers based on luxury consumption values and to compare lifestyle, demographic characteristics, purchase behavior, and perceived brand personality among the segments. The survey was administered to consumers who had purchased luxury products in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A total of 184 surveys were used for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five luxury values: quality value, hedonic value, conspicuous value, social value, and unique value. Using the five luxury values, clustering analysis was conducted, showing that there were four distinct segments: passive shoppers, show- offs, rational value groups, and hedonists. ANOVAs and chi-square analyses revealed that these four segments differed in consumption values, demographic characteristics, lifestyle dimensions (including appearance consciousness, leisure orientation, life enjoyment, and achievement orientation), and purchase behavior (including purchase frequency, price of products purchased, and product selection criteria). Moreover, value segments showed differences in five dimensions of luxury brand personality: sincerity, professionalism/attractiveness, excitement, materialism, and sophistication. The results suggest that consumption values serve as a significant basis for segmentation. Furthermore, the current study indicates that value segments can be described as consumers’ perceived brand personality. The study concludes with a discussion of the results, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations.