An alternative residential placement designed to meet the needs of adolescent foster children

Gaffney, Patrick Frank University of California, Los Angeles 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

Research has shown that current placement options for adolescent foster children are not adequately meeting their personal, social, academic and vocational needs. Several areas of concern have been identified. The concerns relate to instability of placement, lack of centralized services and therapeutic interventions which do not address the children's emotional and behavioral issues. The outcome of this research was to design and develop practical documents which could be used to bring about changes which would have a positive affect on adolescent foster children. Two documents have been developed as a result of this research. A detailed venture plan was created which can be used to attain funding for the development of a residential high school for adolescent foster children. The high school would address the concerns of stability of placement and centralizing services. In addition to the venture plan a sample curriculum was developed to show how adventure based counseling and experiential education could be brought together to provide a comprehensive intervention designed to address the children's emotional and behavioral issues. Both documents are designed to move beyond research and provide opportunities for practical applications.

An efficient reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to detect multiple loci and their effects in inbred crosses

Gaffney, Patrick Joseph The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJ-MCMC) has been proposed as a suitable methodology to estimate the number of putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) which may affect a phenotype of interest in experimental crosses. It permits estimation of the distribution for the effects and locations of QTL within a genome. This thesis provides a flexible Bayesian model framework that accommodates any combination of additive and dominance effects for each QTL. In addition, it can be extended to include epistasis. Sampling is performed using RJ-MCMC. Improvements in the Markov chain sampling that result in dramatic decreases in the number of iterations required are outlined. Many QTL, even with two in the same marker interval, can be reliably detected. Bayes factors are examined as a means of model selection. In the absence of good prior information about the number and location of QTL this seems prudent, since the posterior for the number of QTL is greatly shaped by the prior. The choice of prior is shown to affect the bias and variance of our estimate for the Bayes factor. We consider, a model space that is characterized by a vector containing the number of QTL on each chromosome. The frequentist properties of using the Bayes factor in model selection are examined via simulation, and the method is shown to be conservative, with good type I error rates. Simulation results for zero, one, two, and eight loci are compared with results from those produced using composite interval mapping. Sensitivity to prior specification is also examined. In particular, the variance of the prior for QTL effects is shown to have a modest effect on our estimate for the Bayes factor. This sensitivity was reduced by sampling the prior variance. Flowering time data from <italic>B. napus</italic> experiments are analyzed. A means of generating initial values for the chain (that can be applied to any RJMCMC analysis) is proposed. This is especially useful in models of high dimension. In addition, a new method for long-range update of the QTL position is provided.

Mobilizing jazz communities: The dynamic use of jazz as a political resource in the Black liberation struggle, 1925-1965

Gaffney, Nicholas L University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

"Mobilizing Jazz Communities" presents a historical examination of the role culture has played in developing and sustaining African American socio-political movements during the twentieth century, and has a particular emphasis on the New Negro and Civil Rights Movements. Informed by the perspectives of social movement theorists describing culture's significance in the development of sustained collective activism, this study demonstrates how culture, through the example of jazz music, was transformed into an invaluable political resource, and was effectively mobilized by African American political activists as they successfully worked to accomplish a variety of goals. The historical examples that this study highlights chronicle the political work that jazz performed as movement participants mobilized the music to help fulfill the objectives of the movements in which they were active. I explain, for instance, how New Negro era political organizations including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the American Communist Party (CPUSA), and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) took advantage of jazz's rapidly exploding commercial appeal during the early 1920s and staged lucrative benefit concerts featuring jazz music as a way to generate financial resources that could fund their respective political activities. During the 1930s the NAACP sought to capitalize on the elevated social perception of jazz music and transform jazz musicians into celebrated emblems of New Negro advancement. The politically repressive McCarthyist climate of early Cold War America significantly transformed activists' approaches toward the political mobilization of jazz. As jazz musicians consciously tried to distance themselves from the communist and the allegedly communist organizations they once openly supported, activists' ability to mobilize jazz music narrowed during the early 1950s. At the same time, Cold War America created the opportunity for a new wave of grass-roots activists, which included jazz musicians, to come to the forefront of black political activism and begin to mobilize jazz music in new and imaginative ways. Jazz music became a way to inspire activists' participation in non-violent, direct action protests. Civil Rights activists mobilized jazz to broaden the scope and scale of the movement by circulating politically outspoken jazz albums within the marketplace for recorded music. Those politically conscious albums spread the reach of the movement by transforming spaces traditionally reserved for entertainment and leisure into forums for discussions of the philosophies and goals driving Civil Rights era black political activism. Jazz and the music's artistic performance philosophy additionally provided activists with a means of critiquing American democracy, especially during the critical 1963/1964 United States Presidential Election. The evolving political mobilization of jazz music between the mid-1920s and mid-1960s, as evidenced within the sequence of historical examples detailed in this study, offers a new vantage point in the examination of African American political history. Specifically, by examining shifting trends within the political mobilization of jazz this study introduces a new opportunity to explore the themes of "continuity" and "rupture" within the context of the Long Civil Rights Movement thesis. While recognizing the long movement thesis' ability to seamlessly join different moments within African-American political history through activists' similar ideological focus, this study reasserts the transformative influences that the Cold War's emergence had upon the strategic and tactical direction of African American collective political activism. An entirely new and unique set of political behaviors appeared during the Cold War era in regard to the political mobilization of jazz, behaviors that allowed activists to successfully maneuver Cold War America's repressive climate. Finally, "Mobilizing Jazz Communities" illuminates the effects that overt political expression within jazz music had on its audiences, and the ramifications it had within the social discourses defining the music's meaning.

Taking stock of Middle English popular romance

Gaffney, Paul Douglas University of Virginia 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation seeks to demonstrate how a nuanced understanding of popular tropes and storytelling modes should inform readings of Middle English popular romance, as well as Chaucer and Langland. Many moments in these texts that may appear inept or disjointed in fact show that the romances belong to a mode of fictionality that values the logic of psychological symbolism over a sense of credible realism, and prioritizes inter-textual resonance above classical unities. Detailed readings of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Sir Degare in chapter one illustrate how the corpus of Middle English romances functions as a intricate network of referentiality, a web of signification. This body of popular narrative, though usually much less self-consciously constructed than the more sophisticated literature of authors like Chaucer and Langland, makes use of a highly-wrought system of episodes and motifs that yield a rich accretion of meaning. The journey from the Thrace of Ovid's "Orpheus and Eurydice" to the Winchester of Sir Orfeo, explored in chapter two, embodies the evolution of this story from classical myth through moralized exemplum (Boethius, et cetera) to folktale-like popular narrative. Chapter three untangles the vexed relationships between medieval histories and romance, truth and fictionality. Although medieval writers generally agreed that stories ought to delight and instruct, they were not always as sure about the status of fiction. The transformation of the historical Richard II into the legendary figure in Richard Coeur de Lyon points to the ways that medieval theories of fictionality create a space of fabula where remembered events and people are re-vivified as popular iconic forms. Chapter four reveals how popular romances resist the glossing of high culture and the control implicit in the emerging author function most strongly represented by Chaucer. Medieval writers, including Chaucer, write of sentence, a meaning that is inscribed into a narrative by its author. Contrasting Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" with "The Weddyng of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle" uncovers the radical change wrought by authorship.

Demiurgic machines: The mechanics of New York Dada. A study of the machine art of Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, and other members of New York Dada during the period, 1912--1922

Gaffney, Peter D University of Pennsylvania 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

In the avant-garde production of images and texts, one finds a set of aesthetic and cultural practices heavily invested in the metaphorical system of the machine. Yet there is little in Dada machine art to recall the mechanistic worldview of earlier writers and thinkers---the deterministic order of the Cartesian body, for example, or the materialist hypothesis of La Mettrie. Instead, one finds various attempts to introduce breaks or ruptures into the deterministic order of the machine. It is not the description of the world as mechanism, but a production of imaginary worlds driven by the force of the virtual and revolving around a singularity (an element of chance or "straying cause") that always exceeds the structural relations put forward by mechanical laws. One finds this particularly in the early "proto-Dada" works of Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia, but also in those of Jean Crotti and the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, as well as several others who took part in an intercontinental movement during the period 1912-1922 known as New York Dada. Linking this movement to the writers and texts that inspired it (Raymond Roussel, Jean-Pierre Brisset and Alfred Jarry, but also Nietzsche and Freud), I consider how machines provide a working model for a new theory of production, as well as a "demiurgic" shift in human thought and agency at the level of representation. With references to the works of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari (in particular, their concepts of deterritorialization, multiplicity, and singularities-events), and also to Walter Benjamin's conception of the aura, I explore the consequences of this shift. The new subjectivity, I conclude, is characterized by hybridity, delirium, automatism, and a troubling ambiguity between the self and its technological other.

Dynamics of electrons photoinjected into organic semiconductors at aromatic-metal interfaces

Gaffney, Kelly Joseph University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

The dynamics of electrons at aromatic-metal interfaces have been investigated with time and angle resolved two photon photoemission. The layer by layer evolution of the image potential state energies and dynamics have been measured for benzene, naphthalene, and an thracene physisorbed on a Ag(111) surface. The binding energies and lifetimes of the image potential states for anthracene differ significantly from those for benzene and naphthalene. These differences demonstrate the tremendous variation in the coupling between the image potential and the electron affinity levels of anthracene, and those for benzene and naphthalene. Firstly, the binding energies at the benzene/Ag(111) and the naphthalene/Ag(111) interfaces exceed those of the anthracene/Ag(111) interface, even though anthracene has a larger electron affinity than naphthalene. Secondly, the 1.1 picosecond lifetime for the <italic>n</italic> = 1 image potential state for a bilayer of anthracene exceeds the <italic>n</italic> = 1 lifetime for a bilayer of naphthalene by over an order of magnitude. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the transition from a near resonant to a non-resonant interaction between the image potential and the adsorbate electron affinity levels results in the significant variation in binding energies and lifetimes for these interfaces. The dynamics of electron localization have also been measured for a bilayer of anthracene on Ag(111). A series of three localized peaks appear in the kinetic energy spectra and have been attributed to a vibronic progression. This series of peaks results from vibrational excitation during electron photoemission, not electron localization. The localized peaks all possess the same parallel momentum independent population dynamics, while the delocalized image potential states exhibit strong parallel momentum dependent population dynamics. The momentum dependence of the dynamics have been attributed to energy dependent rates of localization. In addition to population dynamics, the energies and widths of the localized peaks have time dependence. The localized peaks narrow and shift to lower kinetic energies with increasing time delay. The magnitude and time scale of the energetic shift in the localized peak position, as well as the presence of the vibronic progression, have been utilized in a theoretical description of the delocalized state localization dynamics. This analysis indicates that electron localization occurs adiabatically and involves both the reorganization of low energy lattice and high energy molecular vibrations.

AA Amyloidosis In Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis): Pathology, Risk Factors, And The Genetic Basis For Disease

Gaffney, Patricia Mason University of California, Davis 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

The island fox (Urocyon littoralis) is an endangered species that lives exclusively on the California Channel islands. Island foxes inhabit six of the eight Channel islands and have evolved into six genetically distinct, island-specific subspecies. Systemic amyloidosis is highly prevalent in island foxes and is a threat to species recovery. The goals of my research were to identify the type of amyloid, describe the lesions of amyloidosis in foxes, and investigate the risk and underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Based on immunoreactivity to anti-canine AA antibody and protein sequencing by mass spectrometry, amyloid in foxes has been identified as amyloid A (AA). AA amyloidosis occurs following prolonged elevation of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), secondary to chronic infectious or inflammatory disease. Amyloid aggregates in tissue were most common in kidney, spleen and the oral cavity, and amyloid in foxes had a propensity for deposition along basement membranes. The island fox SAA protein is composed of 111 amino acids and has multiple isoforms and an amyloid-prone, N-terminal segment. Risk factors for disease identified by multivariable logistic regression were older age, the San Clemente island subspecies, captivity and nephritis. Increased risk for disease in one subspecies, in addition to the lack of reports of AA amyloidosis in gray fox, the closest genetic relative to island fox, suggests a possible genetic association with disease. Transcript levels of genes in the SAA transcription pathway revealed SAA, IL6, IL1alpha, IL1beta, and C/EBP-delta transcripts were significantly elevated in island foxes with AA amyloidosis. This suggests systemic induction of the acute phase response and increased SAA transcription through an IL-6 mediated pathway. Higher SAA transcripts also correlated with more severe disease. Serum SAA protein concentrations were similar in foxes that died with and without amyloidosis, suggesting that serum protein levels are not an accurate indicator of disease status. Lastly, there is sequence variation in the SAA gene families of island and gray foxes with 14 SNPs unique to all island fox subspecies; the association of these SNPs with transcription levels and presence of disease is under investigation. Understanding the influence of genetic as well as exogenous factors on AA amyloidosis in island foxes informs not only on the disease mechanism in this endangered species, but contributes to the overall understanding of the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis.

Intellectual freedom and the politics of reading: Libraries as sites of conservative activism, 1990--2010

Gaffney, Loretta Mary University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

During the 1990s and 2000s, conservative activists not only appropriated libraries as battlegrounds for causes like antigay activism, but also incorporated libraries and librarianship into the issue base of the pro family movement. A collection of loosely linked, well-organized grassroots campaigns around issues like opposition to abortion and gay marriage, the pro family movement was a resurgence of conservative activism in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that brought libraries into the culture wars crossfire. Pro family library challenges went beyond objections to particular materials in order to target library policies of open access, collection diversity, and patron privacy. Pro family activists also mounted an explicit critique of the American Library Association (ALA), opposing the ALA’s defenses of intellectual freedom for all ages and all types of media. These activists described their own struggle as a quest to wrest libraries away from the ALA and restore them to parental and taxpayer control. This dissertation explores why libraries and librarianship became issues in the pro family movement. Written at the intersection of media studies and library history, it places library challenges within a social movement context, illustrating the symbiotic relationship between grassroots campaigns and national pro family groups. It analyzes the writings of individuals and organizations that identify as “pro family” and that target libraries and/or youth reading, discussing media aimed at actual and potential activists. It reveals that conservative library challenges are driven by competing worldviews of reading, information access, and the role of libraries in the community, and explicates how those worldviews inform pro family library activism. Neither librarians’ professional literature nor LIS scholarship has fully recognized how pro family library activism altered the political landscape of library challenges. This dissertation illustrates that the root quarrel in pro family challenges is not simply an argument about whether or not certain materials belong in libraries, but an argument about the purpose of the library and who shall have the right to determine it.

Investigation of Hydrolysis-Prone Metal Binding to NicaTransferrin

Gaffney, Jean P Yale University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

The handling of hydrolysis-prone metals in nature is of considerable interest, due their biorelevance in biological systems. Hydrolysis-prone metal ions such as Fe(III), Ti(IV) and V(V), vary in their biorelevance in natural systems. Iron is required by all life, titanium has not yet been found to be part of any proteins or metalleonzymes, and vanadium is found in enzymes such as the haloperoxidases as well as in other proteins such as the vanabins in ascidians. These three metals are all sequested in high concentrations by the ascidians, marine invertebrate chordates, on the evolutionary boundary between vertebrates and invertebrates. These organisms have been of interest to an interdisciplinary group of researchers from evolutionary biologists to inorganic chemists. This work looks to elucidate the binding properties of nicatransferrin (nicaTf), a primitive monolobal transferrin found in the ascidian Clona intestinalis, a moderate vanadium and iron accumulator. To date, monolobal transferrins have only been found in ascidians. The study of this group of proteins will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the evolution of the diverse group of transferrin proteins, whose primary function in higher organisms is to transport ferric iron. Furthermore, this work hopes to begin to elucidate the physiological role of nicaTf. NicaTf can bind both Fe(III) and V(V). In this work we show Fe(III) binds with weaker affinity than human serum transferrin, and V(V) with similar affinity. V(V) binding has been found to require carbonate as a synergistic anion. NicaTf may be a more general metal transporter than the transferrins found in higher organisms. Pulsed EPR spectroscopic work including 2D HYSCORE spectroscopy has shown Fe(III) in nicaTf is coordinated by a histidine nitrogen. HYSCORE work has also supported previous hypotheses based on UV-vis spectroscopy that the nature of the Fe(III) binding site in nicaTf is very different than the binding site in serum transferrin. Furthermore, an exciting recent discovery has shown nicaTf can not only bind Fe(III), but it is also capable of reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II). This work demonstrates nicaTf may have a much broader physiological role than previously thought.