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Fundamental Study on Electrostatic Atomization of Biofuel/Water Emulsion
( Chien-hua Fu ),( Osamu Imamura ),( Kazuhiro Akihama ),( Hiroshi Yamasaki ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-
This paper reports the experimental investigation of electrostatic atomization of BDF/water emulsion. Biofuel, such as Bio Diesel Fuel (BDF), is expected as the alternate fuel because of its carbon-neutral characteristics. In the process of making the biofuels, biofuels include water and the separation energy cost is relatively high. From this viewpoint, it is expected that the water in the biofuel is utilized in a positive manner. Biofuel and water mixture usually have large electric conductivity in comparison with hydrocarbons and it is possible to control of atomization using the electrostatic energy. In addition, if the droplets and spray are charged, the spray shape and flame pattern could be controlled to enhance the combustion and to reduce the heat loss to the wall. From this background, the paper mainly is focused on the electrostatic atomization of the BDF/water mixture. For the comparison, n-hexadecane is used as a reference fuel. The mixture fraction of water is the parameter of the fuel. To keep the stable mixture, surface active agent was added in the tested fuels. The viscosity of some tested fuel was high and the characteristics of non-Newtonian viscosity were researched prior to atomization experiments. The thin capillary to inject the fuel and wire netting over the capillary are used as electrodes and direct current voltages are applied to the electrodes. The fuel is pushed by the pressurized nitrogen and injected to the air through the capillary. As the results, fraction of water affects the onset of mode change, such as dripping, spindle, cone-jet etc. Droplets diameters and droplets velocity were measured from the video images and the electric charge distribution was discussed to understand the electrostatic atomization.
DNA vaccines for cervical cancer: from bench to bedside
Chien-Fu Hung,Archana Monie,Ronald D. Alvarez,T.-C. Wu 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.6
ciated with human papillomaviruses (HPVs), partic-ularly HPV type 16. The clear association between HPV infection and cervical cancer indicates that HPV serves as an ideal target for development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. Although the recently licensed preventive HPV vaccine, Gardasil, has been shown to be safe and capable of generating significant pro-tection against specific HPV types, it does not have therapeutic effect against established HPV infections teins, E6 and E7, are consistently co-expressed in HPV-expressing cervical cancers and are important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transforma-tion. Therefore, imunotherapy targeting E6 and/or E7 proteins may provide an opportunity to prevent and treat HPV-associated cervical malignancies. It has been established that T cel-mediated imunity is one of the most crucial components to defend against HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions. Therefore, ef-fective therapeutic HPV vaccines should generate ponses. DNA vaccines have emerged as an atractive approach for antigen-specific T cell-mediated im-munotherapy to combat cancers. Intradermal admin-istration of DNA vacines via a gene gun represents an efficient way to deliver DNA vaccines into professional antigen-presenting cells in vivo. Professional anti-gen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, are the most efective cells for priming antigen-specific T cells. Using the gene gun delivery system, we tested ing strategies for enhancing MHC class I and class II presentation of encoded model antigen HPV-16 E7. Furthermore, we have developed a strategy to prolong the life of DCs to enhance DNA vaccine potency. More recently, we have developed a strategy to generate an-tigen-specific CD4+T cell imune responses to further enhance DNA vaccine potency. The impressive pre- clinical data generated from our studies have led to several HPV DNA vaccine clinical trials.
Chen-Kuo Chiang,Chien-Hung Wu,Chin-Chien Liu,Jin-Fu Lin,Chien-Lun Yang,Jiun-Yuan Wu,Shui-Jinn Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.5
The NH3 thermal annealing and decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) processes are compared for the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling of atomic-layer-deposited hafnium zirconate (HfZrO2) gate dielectric. Detailed physical, optical, and electrical characteristics of nitrided HfZrO2 (HfZrON) film are reported. It is found that DPN can yield a thinner SiOx interfacial layer (IL) (about 0.12 nm more in terms of EOT scaling)and a more densified HfZrO2 layer compared to those obtained using NH3 thermal annealing at a 16% nitrogen dose. NH3 thermal nitridation causes a large nitrogen distribution tail at the SiOx IL/Si substrate interface and increases leakage current, which suppresses EOT scalability.
Experimental Quantification on the Residual Seismic Capacity of Damaged RC Column Members
Chien-Kuo Chiu,Hsin-Fang Sung,Kai-Ning Chi,Fu-Pei Hsiao 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.7
To quantify the post-earthquake residual seismic capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) column members, experimental data for 6 column specimens with flexural, flexural–shear and shear failure modes are used to derive residual seismic capacity of damaged RC column members for specified damage states in this work. Besides of the experiment data, some related researches are also investigated to suggest the reduction factors of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity for damaged RC column members, respectively. According to the damage states of RC columns, their corresponding seismic reduction factors are suggested herein. Taking an RC column with the flexural–shear failure for an example, its reductions factors of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity are 0.5, 0.6 and 0.1, respectively. This work also proposes the seismic performance assessment method for the residual seismic performance of earthquake-damaged RC buildings. In the case study, this work selects one actual earthquake-damaged school building to demonstrate the post-earthquake assessment of seismic performance for a damaged RC building.
Chien-Chen Hsu,Chin-Lin Hsu,Shao-En Tsai,Timothy Yu-Chi Fu,Gow-Chin Yen 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4
The effects of the water extracts of Millettia reticulata Benth (WEMRB) and its active compound (protocatechuic acid [PCA]) on acute hepatic injury and inflammation in CCl4-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with WEMRB or PCA for 28 consecutive days, and then the rats were given an intraperitoneal injection with CCl4. Pretreatment with WEMRB or PCA significantly lowered the CCl4-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases). Liver histopathology showed that WEMRB reduced the incidence of cytoplasmic vacuolization and necrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Pretreatment with WEMRB also showed anti-inflammation on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxidase, as well as nitrite and nitrate levels in the CCl4-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. The results suggest that oral administration of WEMRB decreases the hepatotoxic effects by increasing glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in CCl4-induced Sprague-Dawley rats.
Experimental Quantification on the Residual Seismic Capacity of Damaged RC Column Members
Chien-Kuo Chiu,Hsin-Fang Sung,Kai-Ning Chi,Fu-Pei Hsiao 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.3
To quantify the post-earthquake residual seismic capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) column members, experimental data for 6 column specimens with flexural, flexural–shear and shear failure modes are used to derive residual seismic capacity of damaged RC column members for specified damage states in this work. Besides of the experiment data, some related researches are also investigated to suggest the reduction factors of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity for damaged RC column members, respectively. According to the damage states of RC columns, their corresponding seismic reduction factors are suggested herein. Taking an RC column with the flexural–shear failure for an example, its reductions factors of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity are 0.5, 0.6 and 0.1, respectively. This work also proposes the seismic performance assessment method for the residual seismic performance of earthquake-damaged RC buildings. In the case study, this work selects one actual earthquake-damaged school building to demonstrate the post-earthquake assessment of seismic performance for a damaged RC building.
MODULATING CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 PEROVSKITE CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR THROUGH PRECURSOR CONCENTRATION
KUNWU FU,SUBODH MHAISALKAR,SWEE SIEN LIM,PABLO P. BOIX,NRIPAN MATHEWS,YANAN FANG,LYDIA H. WONG,TZE CHIEN SUM 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.5
Perovskite-based photovoltaic devices have recently achieved impressively high e±ciencies be-yond 15% and gained great interest. We show here the formation of perovskite cluster overlayerstructures which consist of individual perovskite grains on top of mesoporous TiO 2 ¯lms, coex-isting with the randomly distributed nanocrystals within the ¯lms. Perovskite solution concen-tration was found to play an important role in modulating the perovskite crystallization andcluster overlayer formation process. Absorbance increase in visible wavelength range and shift ofphotoluminescence (PL) responses of perovskite ¯lms due to the e®ect of precursor concentrationchange were observed and investigated in detail. The crystallographic analysis of theCH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ¯lms shows a gradual decrease of the perovskite lattice parameters and shrinkage ofunit volume as precursor solution concentration increases, which is correlated to the changes ofoptical properties. Finally, perovskite-based solar cell device performance was enhanced at higherprecursor concentration.