Potential objectives for gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol under salt stress in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench cv. Sofra)

Forghani, Amir Hossein,Almodares, Abbas,Ehsanpour, Ali Akbar The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.1

The phytohormones are important in plant adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses by facilitating a wide range of adaptive responses. Application of gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) as $GA_3$ inhibitors have been shown to affect salinity tolerance through modulating phytohormones. The aim of this study was to find out the potential objectives for $GA_3$ and PBZ as affected by salinity through altering the phytohormones and biochemical parameters in sweet sorghum. Following seed germination, seedlings were cultured in Hoagland nutrient solution containing NaCl supplemented with $GA_3$ and PBZ for 12 days. The results were analyzed by principal component analysis to identify the best target(s) for salinity, $GA_3$, and PBZ in sweet sorghum. Paclobutrazol associated with salt improved root/shoot length, carotenoid, and total chlorophyll by modulating cytokinin $(CK)/GA_3$, indole acetic acid $(IAA)/GA_3$, and total polyamines/$GA_3$ ratios. Gibberellic acid-treated plants not exposed to salinity treatments notably improved phytohormones content such as cytokinin, auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), and polyamines resulting in increased stem growth. Moreover, the main objectives of $GA_3$ were ABA, spermidine, and $ABA/GA_3$ ratio in response to salinity. Though $GA_3$ and PBZ have different roles against salt stress, $ABA/GA_3$ ratio was a similar target of $GA_3$ and PBZ. This work suggests that altered levels of $GA_3$ resulting from PBZ- and $GA_3$-treated plants cause different allocation patterns in sweet sorghum by regulation of $CK/GA_3$, $IAA/GA_3$, and total polyamines/$GA_3$ ratio. Also, accumulation chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, and water soluble carbohydrates of sorghum plants under salinity regulated by total polyamines/$GA_3$ and $ABA/GA_3$ ratios positively correlated with PBZ application.

A novel pentaplex real time (RT)- PCR high resolution melt curve assay for simultaneous detection of emetic and enterotoxin producing Bacillus cereus in food

Forghani, F.,Singh, P.,Seo, K.H.,Oh, D.H. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2016 FOOD CONTROL Vol.60 No.-

<P>Bacillus cereus causing emetic and diarrheal type of food poisoning is widely distributed in nature and is therefore considered a major foodborne pathogen. There is a growing demand for fast, accurate, reliable and economic detection of potentially toxigenic B. cereus. To improve differential diagnosis of toxigenic B. cereus, a highly sensitive pentaplex RT- PCR high resolution melt curve assay was developed for simultaneous detection of 4 major enterotoxim genes (cytK, entFM, hblD, nheA) and emetic toxin gene (ces). The average melting temperatures (T-m) of PCR products were 72.2 degrees C (ces), 74.23 degrees C (cytK), 76.55 degrees C (nheA), 78.42 degrees C (entFM) and 81.90 (hblD). The multiplex assay was evaluated using 71 bacterial strains including 17 emetic B. cereus reference strains, 9 enterotoxic B. cereus reference strains, 4 B. cereus group members, 23 wild B. cereus strains, 18 non-target strains, and was further tested on artificially inoculated foods. The detection limit in food samples was approximately 10(3) CFU/g without enrichment and 10(1) CFU/g was observed following 7 h enrichment. The DNA intercalating dye SYTO9 used in this study generated high resolution melt curve peaks for the target strains and genes in which the peaks were sharp and easily distinguishable from each other. Thus, the developed multiplex real-time (RT) PCR approach can be a reliable tool for the identification of emetic and enterotoxic strains of B. cereus present in food and food-related samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Rapid detection of viable Bacillus cereus emetic and enterotoxic strains in food by coupling propidium monoazide and multiplex PCR (PMA-mPCR)

Forghani, F.,Langaee, T.,Eskandari, M.,Seo, K.H.,Chung, M.J.,Oh, D.H. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2015 FOOD CONTROL Vol.55 No.-

Bacillus cereus can cause emetic and diarrheal food poisoning. It is widespread in nature and therefore, considered a major foodborne pathogen. To develop a sensitive and reliable assay for detecting enterotoxin genes (nheA, entFM, hblD, cytK) and emetic toxin (ces), specific primers each targeting one individual gene were designed. Propidium monoazide (PMA) was coupled with the developed multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the detection of viable B. cereus. The inclusivity and exclusivity of the PMA-mPCR was confirmed using a panel of 44 strains including 17 emetic and 9 enterotoxic B. cereus reference strains and 18 non-target strains. The limit of detection (LOD) without PMA treatment in pure DNA was 2 pg/reaction tube. The LOD of mPCR assay in pure heat-killed dead bacteria was 4.0 x 10<SUP>2</SUP> CFU/mL. Also, the LOD on the viable bacteria with or without PMA treatment was similar (3.8 x 10<SUP>2</SUP> CFU/mL) showing that the PMA treatment did not significantly decrease sensitivity. Finally, the newly developed PMA-mPCR successfully detected 4.8 x 10<SUP>3</SUP> and 3.6 x 10<SUP>3</SUP> CFU/g of viable B. cereus F4810/72 (emetic) and B. cereus ATCC 12480 (enterotoxic) reference strains, respectively, in food samples. Hence, this study combines PMA and mPCR to detect viable B. cereus with a wide range of toxin detection (5 toxins). Thus, the novel PMA-mPCR assay developed in this study is a rapid and efficient diagnostic tool for the monitoring of viable B. cereus in food samples and potentially other samples via appropriate DNA extraction.

Effect of water hardness on the production and microbicidal efficacy of?slightly acidic electrolyzed water

Forghani, Fereidoun,Park, Joong-Hyun,Oh, Deog-Hwan Elsevier 2015 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.48 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been proved as an effective sanitizer against microorganisms attached to foods. However, its physical properties and inactivation efficacy are affected by several factors such as water hardness. Therefore, in this study the effect of water hardness on SAEW properties were studied. Pure cultures of foodborne bacteria were used in?vitro and in?vivo to evaluate the inactivation efficacy of the SAEWs produced. Results obtained showed water hardness to be an important factor in the production of SAEW. Low water hardness may result in the necessity of further optimization of production process. In this study the addition of 5% HCl and 2?M NaCl at 1.5?mL/min flow rate was found to be the best electrolyte concentration for the optimization of SAEW production from low hardness water (34?±?2?mg/L). Furthermore, the results showed that pre-heating was a better approach compared to post-production heating of SAEW, resulting in higher ACC values and therefor better sanitization efficacy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The first paper, to study and report the effect of Water hardness on SAEW production, properties and microbicidal efficacy. </LI> <LI> The first paper, to study the effect of heating order during production on SAEW final properties. </LI> <LI> A valid approach to produce appropriate SAEW from low hardness water was developed. </LI> </UL> </P>

On the control of structural/compositional ratio of coherent order-disorder interfaces

Forghani, Farsad,Han, Jong Chan,Moon, Jongun,Abbaschian, Reza,Park, Chan Gyung,Kim, Hyoung Seop,Nili-Ahmadabadi, Mahmoud Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.777 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Order-disorder coherent interfaces determine the microstructure and mechanical properties of precipitation-hardened high-temperature alloys. The characteristics of these interfaces can be defined by a compositional width, δ, and structural width, δ′. The latter, which can be considered as the width of the ordered part of the interface, can play an important role in high-temperature mechanical behavior of precipitation-hardened alloys. This is due to the fact that diffusion in the ordered part of the interface is generally much slower than diffusion in the disordered phase, thus hindering the solid-state diffusion-based phenomena. Here, we investigate the order-disorder interface in a Ni-19Al (at.%) alloy as a model alloy for Ni-based superalloys using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography. Then, we employ thermodynamic modeling to describe the interplay between the structural and compositional interface widths in binary Ni-Al and in ternary Ni-Al-Cr and Co-Al-W systems. We introduce the δ′/δ ratio as a critical parameter that varies significantly in different alloys. Our findings offer a general pathway to control the δ′/δ ratio of interfaces, which in turn affect the high-temperature properties of precipitation-hardened alloys.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Characterization of the order-disorder coherent interface in a Ni-19Al model alloy. </LI> <LI> Describing the dual nature of order-disorder coherent interfaces. </LI> <LI> Prediction of the structural interface width δ′ based on the thermodynamic modeling. </LI> <LI> Introducing the δ′/δ ratio as a critical parameter that varies in different alloys. </LI> </UL> </P>

Apexogenesis and revascularization treatment procedures for two traumatized immature permanent maxillary incisors: a case report

Forghani, Maryam,Parisay, Iman,Maghsoudlou, Amir The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.3

Traumatic injuries to an immature permanent tooth may result in cessation of dentin deposition and root maturation. Endodontic treatment is often complicated in premature tooth with an uncertain prognosis. This article describes successful treatment of two traumatized maxillary central incisors with complicated crown fracture three months after trauma. The radiographic examination showed immature roots in maxillary central incisors of a 9-year-old boy with a radiolucent lesion adjacent to the right central incisor. Apexogenesis was performed for the left central incisor and revascularization treatment was considered for the right one. In 18-month clinical and radiographic follow-up both teeth were asymptomatic, roots continued to develop, and periapical radiolucency of the right central incisor healed. Considering the root development of these contralateral teeth it can be concluded that revascularization is an appropriate treatment method in immature necrotic teeth.

Hurdle enhancement of slightly acidic electrolyzed water antimicrobial efficacy on Chinese cabbage, lettuce, sesame leaf and spinach using ultrasonication and water wash

Forghani, F.,Oh, D.H. Academic Press 2013 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.36 No.1

Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) is well known as a good sanitizer against foodborne pathogens on fresh vegetables. However, microbial reductions from SAEW treatment are not enough to ensure produce safety. Therefore, it is necessary to improve its antimicrobial efficiency by combining it with other appropriate approaches. This study examined the microbicidal activity of SAEW (pH 5.2-5.5, oxidation reduction potential 500-600 mV, available chlorine concentration 21-22 mg/l) on Chinese cabbage, lettuce, sesame leaf and spinach, four common fresh vegetables in Korea under same laboratory conditions. Subsequently, effects of ultrasonication and water wash to enhance the sanitizing efficacy of SAEW were studied, separately. Finally, an optimized simple and easy approach consisting of simultaneous SAEW treatment with ultrasonication (3 min) followed by water wash (150 rpm, 1 min) was developed (SAEW + US-WW). This newly developed hurdle treatment significantly enhanced the microbial reductions compared to SAEW treatment alone, SAEW treatment with ultrasonication (SAEW + US) and SAEW treatment followed by water wash (SAEW-WW) at room temperature (23 +/- 2 <SUP>o</SUP>C). Microbial reductions of yeasts and molds, total bacteria count and inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes were in the range of 1.76-2.8 log cfu/g on different samples using the new hurdle approach.

Ultrasonication Enhanced Low Concentration Electrolyzed Water Efficacy on Bacteria Inactivation and Shelf Life Extension on Lettuce

Fereidoun Forghani,S.M.E. Rahman,박명수,박중현,박지용,송경빈,오덕환 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

Effect of ultrasonication (40 kHz) to enhance low concentration electrolyzed water (LcEW) efficacy for microbial decontamination on lettuce leaves was investigated. Lettuce was separately treated with LcEW, ultrasonication,LcEW combined with ultrasonication, LcEW followed by ultrasonication, and ultrasonication followed by LcEW for 1, 3, and 5 min for each step at room temperature. The highest reduction (2.3 log CFU/g) in total bacteria count (TBC) was resulted from ultrasonication followed by LcEW. Subsequently, the effect of temperature was studied resulting in 2.6 and 3.18 log CFU/g reduction of TBC and Escherichia coli O157:H7 respectively, in 3 min ultrasonication followed by 3 min LcEW treatment at 40ºC. This optimum treatment also prevented lettuce from reaching 7.0 log CFU/g in TBC until the end of the 6 day storage at 10ºC. Therefore, this newly developed approach may result in improved microbiological safety and enhanced shelf life of produce.

Toxigenic Profiles of Enterotoxic B. cereus isolated from different sources

Fereidoun Forghani,Jae-Ho Choi,Jun Wang,Gwang-Hee Kim,Charles Nkufi Tango,Wei Shuai,Ahmad Rois Mansur,Seon-Yong Kim,Luo Ke 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.11

Apexogenesis and revascularization treatment procedures for two traumatized immature permanent maxillary incisors: a case report

Maryam Forghani,Iman Parisay,Amir Maghsoudlou 大韓齒科保存學會 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.3

Traumatic injuries to an immature permanent tooth may result in cessation of dentin deposition and root maturation. Endodontic treatment is often complicated in premature tooth with an uncertain prognosis. This article describes successful treatment of two traumatized maxillary central incisors with complicated crown fracture three months after trauma. The radiographic examination showed immature roots in maxillary central incisors of a 9-year-old boy with a radiolucent lesion adjacent to the right central incisor. Apexogenesis was performed for the left central incisor and revascularization treatment was considered for the right one. In 18-month clinical and radiographic follow-up both teeth were asymptomatic, roots continued to develop,and periapical radiolucency of the right central incisor healed. Considering the root development of these contralateral teeth it can be concluded that revascularization is an appropriate treatment method in immature necrotic teeth.