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PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF AZ5200 IN E-BEAM DIRECT WRITE APPLICATION
Fok, Samuel S. M. 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1
The initial characterization of A Series Optical Resists applied to e-beam lithography was performed at The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Electron Beam Technology Division, Hayward, California. The characterization details are discussed. A practical range of coating, exposure, and development conditions are described. Preliminary data is furnished on dose, contrast, resolution, resist remaining, and development parameters. Both normal and reversal processing were attempted and results reported with areas recommended for further study.
Reduction mammoplasty as a treatment for symptomatic central venous stenosis
Fok, Denise Seok Fun,Joethy, Janna Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.2
Central venous stenosis is a rare cause of unilateral breast edema occurring in hemodialysis patients that needs to be differentiated from other differential diagnoses, including, but not limited to, inflammatory breast carcinoma, mastitis, lymphedema, and congestive heart failure. All reports of similar cases in the available literature have described improvement or resolution of the edema after treatment. Herein, we report and discuss the pathophysiology of breast edema formation in a patient who presented with massive left-sided breast edema 7 years after being diagnosed with central venous stenosis. Medical and minimally invasive therapy had not been successful, so she underwent reduction mammoplasty to relieve the symptoms.
Wing Lam FOK,Jia Huan LIEW,Yik Hei SUNG 한국양서ㆍ파충류학회 2023 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.07
Freshwater turtles and tortoises are one of the most threatened groups of animals in the world, with 60% of species being threatened. Hong Kong has five freshwater turtle species which are threatened due to illegal hunting and habitat loss. The conservation of freshwater turtles is important because overseas studies have showed that some species play important ecological roles, for example, facilitating storage and cross-ecosystem transportation of energy and minerals, acting as predators and prey, dispersing and enhancing germination rate of seeds, and assisting restoration of degraded ecosystems. Since turtles are rare across Asia, little is known about their ecological roles. In this study, we investigated the ecological roles of the critically endangered Big-headed Turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) using three approaches. First, we conducted behavioural experiments in the laboratory to test the predatory effect of P. megacephalum on the behaviour and growth rate of freshwater snails (Sulcospira hainanensis). Second, we used bulk stable isotope analysis to quantify the role of P. megacephalum in the food web, and used removal models to estimate how the ‘extinction’ of P. megacephalum may affect the food web. Third, we compared the macroinvertebrate community structure and ecosystem processes (leaf litter decomposition and primary production rates) between streams with and without turtles. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of the ecological roles played by P. megacephalum and contributes to the conservation of endangered freshwater turtle species in Asia.
Reduction mammoplasty as a treatment for symptomatic central venous stenosis
Denise Seok Fun Fok,Janna Joethy 대한성형외과학회 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.2
Central venous stenosis is a rare cause of unilateral breast edema occurring in hemodialysis patients that needs to be differentiated from other differential diagnoses, including, but not limited to, inflammatory breast carcinoma, mastitis, lymphedema, and congestive heart failure. All reports of similar cases in the available literature have described improvement or resolution of the edema after treatment. Herein, we report and discuss the pathophysiology of breast edema formation in a patient who presented with massive left-sided breast edema 7 years after being diagnosed with central venous stenosis. Medical and minimally invasive therapy had not been successful, so she underwent reduction mammoplasty to relieve the symptoms.
Outcomes after Transverse-Incision ‘Mini’ Carotid Endarterectomy and Patch-Plasty
Sidhartha Sinha,Matthew Fok,Aaron Goh,Vijay Gadhvi 대한혈관외과학회 2019 Vascular Specialist International Vol.35 No.3
Purpose: Traditional longitudinal incision for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can be painful, aesthetically displeasing, and associated with a high incidence of cranial nerve injury (CNI). This study describes the outcomes of CEA performed through small (<5 cm long), transversely oriented incisions located directly over the carotid bifurcation, as identified by color-enhanced duplex ultrasound. Materials and Methods: Patient demographics and operative data were collected retrospectively from an in-house database of consecutive vascular patients undergoing CEA with a small transversely oriented incision for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenoses. Results: A total of 52 consecutive patients underwent CEA between 2012 and 2016 (median age, 73.5 years; interquartile range, 67-80.3; male/female ratio, 40:12). CEA was performed under regional/local anesthesia (LA) in 48 (92.3%) patients, with 4 (7.7%) being performed under general anesthesia. One patient under LA experienced intraoperative neurological dysfunction intraoperatively (manifesting as an inability to count out loud) that resolved with insertion of shunt. One patient experienced a transient neurological event (expressive dysphasia) within the immediate postoperative period, which resolved within 6 hours. No in-hospital death or perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events were noted. Follow-up data were available for a median period of 3.1 years and for all patients. Three patients experienced strokes following discharge (2 strokes contralateral to the operated side and 1 transient ischemic attack ipsilateral to the operated side). No persistent CNIs nor bleeding complications necessitating re-exploration were reported. Conclusion: Small, transversely orientated incisions, hidden within a neck skin crease can be safely performed in the majority of patients undergoing CEA.