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Limitations and artifacts in shear-wave elastography of the liver
Matthew Bruce,Orpheus Kolokythas,Giovanna Ferraioli,Carlo Filice,Matthew O’Donnell 대한의용생체공학회 2017 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.7 No.2
Recent studies have shown that real-time, twodimensionalshear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) canmonitor liver fibrosis by measuring tissue elasticity (i.e.,elastic modulus). Two clinical studies of 2D-SWE in theliver have shown that there are several practical issues thatcan compromise quantitation of liver tissue elasticity. Bothgeneral ultrasound (US) limitations and limitations in the2D-SWE method itself resulted in significant variability inestimated liver elasticity. The most common US limitationswere: poor acoustic window, limited penetration, and rib/lung shadows. The most common 2D-SWE limitationswere: reverberations under the liver capsule, respiratory/cardiac motion, and vessel pulsation/loss of SWEsignal. Based on these studies, scan protocols have beenoptimized to minimize the influence of these limitations onliver elasticity quantification. These refined protocolsshould move non-invasive SWE closer to becoming thepreferred tool to diagnose and manage many chronic diseasesof the liver.
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NEM-FEM comparison on porthole die extrusion of AA-6082
Francesco Gagliardi,Iciar Alfaro,Giuseppina Ambrogio,Luigino Filice,Elias Cueto 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.4
Porthole die extrusion is a forming process used to manufacture hollow components with different shapes. This forming process is optimized to improve the welding line quality. Process optimization can be achieved by determining the influences that each process parameter has on the pressure along the welding plane. The construction complexity of the die results in research difficulty from an experimental point of view. Even the finite element method (FEM) presents relevant drawbacks primarily because of numerical codes are not capable of simulating the welding phase. Hence, the natural element method (NEM), which allows the joining phase of free surfaces,presents significant advantages. In this work, experimental results obtained using a flexible porthole die are discussed. A suitable 2D geometry was extracted from the die, and both FEM and NEM were conducted. A good agreement among the numerical results was recorded.
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Giovanna Ferraioli,Ambra Raimondi,Annalisa De Silvestri,Carlo Filice,Richard G.Barr 대한초음파의학회 2023 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.42 No.3
Purpose: This study’s primary aim was to assess factors affecting ultrasound attenuation coefficient (AC) measurement repeatability using the Canon ultrasound (US) system. The secondary aim was to evaluate whether similar results were obtained with other vendors’ AC algorithms. Methods: This prospective study was performed at two centers from February to November 2022. AC was obtained using two US systems (Aplio i800 of Canon Medical Systems and Arietta 850 of Fujifilm). An algorithm combining AC and the backscatter coefficient was also used (Sequoia US System, Siemens Healthineers). To evaluate inter-observer concordance, AC was obtained by two expert operators using different transducer positions with regions of interest (ROIs) varying in terms of depth and size. Intra-observer concordance was evaluated on measurements performed intercostally, subcostally, and in the left liver lobe. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was used. Results: Thirty-four participants (mean age, 49.4±15.1 years; 18 females) were studied. AC values progressively decreased with depth. The measurements in intercostal spaces on bestquality US images using a 3-cm ROI with its upper edge 2 cm below the liver capsule during breath-hold showed the highest intra-observer and inter-observer concordance (0.92 [95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.95] and 0.89 [0.82 to 0.96], respectively). Measurements in the left lobe showed the lowest intra-observer and inter-observer concordance (0.67 [0.43 to 0.90] and 0.58 [0.12 to 1.00], respectively). Intercostal space measurements also had the highest repeatability for the other two ultrasound systems. Conclusion: AC values obtained in intercostal spaces on best-quality images using a 3-cm ROI placed with its top 2 cm below the liver capsule were highly repeatable.
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Autophagy-related protein LC3 and Beclin-1 in the first trimester of pregnancy
Chifenti, Barbara,Locci, Maria Teresa,Lazzeri, Gloria,Guagnozzi, Mariangela,Dinucci, Dino,Chiellini, Federica,Filice, Maria Elena,Salerno, Maria Giovanna,Battini, Lorella The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2013 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.40 No.1
Autophagy is a degradation process that acts in response to environmental stressors. Recently, autophagy has been detected in normal term, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth-restricted placentas. The object of this work was to investigate the presence of autophagy in first trimester voluntary interruption of pregnancy placental villi by the expression of autophagy-related proteins, light chain 3 (LC3), and Beclin-1. In first trimester placental villi laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) analysis revealed LC3 and Beclin-1 immunoreactivity prevalently located in villous cytotrophoblasts. Using LSCM, LC3, and Beclin-1 were localized to the cytoplasm of the trophoblast layer in human full-term placentas. Beclin-1 expression and LC3 activation were confirmed by western blotting. These data emphasize that autophagy activation is different among cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts depending on the gestational age and thus we speculate that autophagy might play a prosurvival role throughout human pregnancy.
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