Abnormal differentiation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells induced by perinatal bisphenol A exposure in female offspring mice

You‑dan Dong,Liang Gao,Feng‑juan Wu,Ren Lin,Yuan Meng,Li‑hong Jia,Xiao‑fei Wang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogen widely exposed to human beings, and there are more studies on its reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption and neurobehavioral disorders. Recent few studies have found that BPA has immunotoxicity, and its mechanism is not clear. Therefore, the effects of BPA on immune system have attracted extensive attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of perinatal exposure to BPA on regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells in female offspring mice. Methods Twenty-one pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, low-dose BPA (0.2 μg/mL) and high-dose BPA (2.0 μg/mL) exposure group. All received BPA exposure via drinking water from gestational day 6 to the end of lactation. Female offspring were fed a normal diet and drinking water for 1 month. The percentages of Treg and Th17 cells, the levels of Foxp3 and RORγt protein and IL-17 and TGF-β from spleen tissue or blood were measured in female offspring. Results The percentage of Treg cells and levels of Foxp3 protein decreased, while the percentage of Th17 cells and levels of RORγt protein increased, which showed a dose–effect relationship. The levels of serum TGF-β were significantly lower and the levels of serum IL-17 were statistically higher in BPA-exposed female offspring compared with controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). But there were no statistical difference in the levels of serum TGF-β and IL-17 between 0.2 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/ mL BPA groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion BPA exposure during pregnancy and lactation could cause abnormal differentiation and function of Treg and Th17 cells in female offspring mice, which was associated with down-regulated Foxp3 and up-regulated RORγt protein, respectively. Our findings indicated that BPA exposure during early development may play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases later.

A Simplified Carrier-Based Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for Two-level Voltage Source Inverters in the Over-modulation Region

Feng Jing,Feng-You He 전력전자학회 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.6

In this study, a carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) method for two-level voltage source inverters in the over-modulation region is proposed. Based on the superposition principle, the reference voltage vectors outside the linear modulation boundary are adjusted to relocate to the vector hexagon, while their fundamental magnitudes are retained. In accordance with the adjusted reference vector, the corresponding modulated waves are respectively deduced in over-modulation mode I and II to generate the gate signals of the power switches, guaranteeing the linearity of the fundamental output phase voltage in the over-modulation region. Moreover, due to the linear relationship between the voltage vector and the duty ratios, the complicated sector identification and holding angle calculation found in previous methods are avoided in the modulated wave synthesis, which provides great simplicity for the proposed carrier-based over-modulation strategy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

Improvement on the Laminated Busbar of NPC Three-Level Inverters based on a Supersymmetric Mirror Circulation 3D Cubical Thermal Model

Feng-You He,Shi-Zhou Xu,Cheng-Fei Geng 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.6

Laminated busbars with a low stray inductance are widely used in NPC three-level inverters, even though some of them have poor performances in heat equilibrium and overvoltage suppression. Therefore, a theoretical method is in need to establish an accurate mathematical model of laminated busbars and to calculate the impedance and stray inductance of each commutation loop to improve the heat equilibrium and overvoltage suppression performance. Firstly, an equivalent circuit of a NPC three-level inverter laminated busbar was built with an analysis of the commutation processes. Secondly, on the basis of a 3D (three dimensional) cubical thermal model and mirror circulation theory, a supersymmetric mirror circulation 3D cubical thermal model was built. Based on this, the laminated busbar was decomposed in 3D space to calculate the equivalent resistance and stray inductance in each commutation loop. Finally, the model and analysis results were put into a busbar design, simulation and experiments, whose results demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method.

Lane Detection Algorithm for Night-time Digital Image Based on Distribution Feature of Boundary Pixels

Feng You,Ronghui Zhang,Lingshu Zhong,Haiwei Wang,Jianmin Xu 한국광학회 2013 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.17 No.2

This paper presents a novel algorithm for nighttime detection of the lane markers painted on a road at night. First of all, the proposed algorithm uses neighborhood average filtering, 8-directional Sobel operator and thresholding segmentation based on OTSU’s to handle raw lane images taken from a digital CCD camera. Secondly, combining intensity map and gradient map, we analyze the distribution features of pixels on boundaries of lanes in the nighttime and construct 4 feature sets for these points, which are helpful to supply with sufficient data related to lane boundaries to detect lane markers much more robustly. Then, the searching method in multiple directions- horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions, is conducted to eliminate the noise points on lane boundaries. Adapted Hough transformation is utilized to obtain the feature parameters related to the lane edge. The proposed algorithm can not only significantly improve detection performance for the lane marker, but it requires less computational power. Finally, the algorithm is proved to be reliable and robust in lane detection in a nighttime scenario.

Improvement on the Laminated Busbar of NPC Three-Level Inverters based on a Supersymmetric Mirror Circulation 3D Cubical Thermal Model

He, Feng-You,Xu, Shi-Zhou,Geng, Cheng-Fei The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.6

Laminated busbars with a low stray inductance are widely used in NPC three-level inverters, even though some of them have poor performances in heat equilibrium and overvoltage suppression. Therefore, a theoretical method is in need to establish an accurate mathematical model of laminated busbars and to calculate the impedance and stray inductance of each commutation loop to improve the heat equilibrium and overvoltage suppression performance. Firstly, an equivalent circuit of a NPC three-level inverter laminated busbar was built with an analysis of the commutation processes. Secondly, on the basis of a 3D (three dimensional) cubical thermal model and mirror circulation theory, a supersymmetric mirror circulation 3D cubical thermal model was built. Based on this, the laminated busbar was decomposed in 3D space to calculate the equivalent resistance and stray inductance in each commutation loop. Finally, the model and analysis results were put into a busbar design, simulation and experiments, whose results demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method.

A Simplified Carrier-Based Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for Two-level Voltage Source Inverters in the Over-modulation Region

Jing, Feng,He, Feng-You The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.6

In this study, a carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) method for two-level voltage source inverters in the over-modulation region is proposed. Based on the superposition principle, the reference voltage vectors outside the linear modulation boundary are adjusted to relocate to the vector hexagon, while their fundamental magnitudes are retained. In accordance with the adjusted reference vector, the corresponding modulated waves are respectively deduced in over-modulation mode I and II to generate the gate signals of the power switches, guaranteeing the linearity of the fundamental output phase voltage in the over-modulation region. Moreover, due to the linear relationship between the voltage vector and the duty ratios, the complicated sector identification and holding angle calculation found in previous methods are avoided in the modulated wave synthesis, which provides great simplicity for the proposed carrier-based over-modulation strategy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

모션 그래픽을 활용한 도자기 문화재 제작과정 안내 콘텐츠 디자인 개발-중국 원나라 청화 모란꽃 문양 매병을 대상으로-

황설풍(Huang, Xue Feng),용주(Long, Zhou),김유정(Kim. You Jeong),현은령(Hyun, Eunryung) 한국디자인문화학회 2023 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.29 No.4

모션 그래픽은 아이디어를 디지털 이미지로 표현해 영상이나 애니메이션 기술을 활용하여 메시지를 전달하는 방식이다. 이러한 모션 그래픽의 전달하는 방식은 어려운 콘텐츠의 내용을 이해하기 쉽도록 전달하는 매체로서 활용하기 용이한 방법이다. 하지만 도자기 관련 박물관에서 도자기의 형태나 제작과정 등의 중요한 정보를 사진과 일러스트레이션, 2D그래픽 등 정적인 이미지로 관람자에게 제공하는 경우가 많다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도자기 문화재에 대한 정보 인지의 정확성을 높이기 위해 중국 경덕진(景徳鎭) 도자기 박물관의 원대(元代) 모란꽃 문양 매병 청화백자 제작과정을 2가지 버전으로 제공하였다. 첫 번째 버전은 움직임이 없는 키 이미지들로 제작과정을 제공하였으며 두 번째 버전은 모션 그래픽을 활용하여 제작과정을 제공하였다. 설문은 한국인 성인 65명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였으며. 그 결과, 모션 그래픽을 활용한 중국 도자기 문화재 제작과정 안내 콘텐츠 디자인은 정보전달에 있어 매우 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 동적인 모션 그래픽을 시청하는 관람객은 고정적인 이미지를 보는 관람객보다 전반적으로 높은 정보 인지 수준의 결과를 보였다. 특히 유약 칠하기 단계에서 복잡한 단계의 이해가 필요하였는데 이를 정확하게 이해하는 정보 인지 수준의 차이는 뚜렷한 특징이 있었다. 모션 그래픽을 활용한 중국 도자기 문화재 제작과정 안내 콘텐츠 디자인 개발을 통해 정지되어 있는 이미지보다 모션 그래픽으로 제공된 움직이는 시각 이미지를 통해 많은 지식과 감상을 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 다양한 문화재의 콘텐츠와 모션 그래픽을 활용한 연구가 활발히 진행되길 기대한다. Motion graphics are a method of expressing ideas in digital images and delivering messages using video or animation technology. This method of delivering motion graphics is an easy method to use as a medium to deliver difficult content in an easy-to-understand manner. However, ceramics-related museums often provide important information such as the shape and production process of ceramics to visitors in static images such as photography, illustration, and 2D graphics. Therefore, in this study, in order to increase the accuracy of information recognition on ceramic cultural properties, two versions of the process of making 元 Peony Flower Patterns Blue and White porcelain at the 景徳鎭 Ceramic Museum in Gyeongdeokjin, China were provided. The first version provided the production process with key images without movement, and the second version provided the production process using motion graphics. The survey was conducted on 65 Korean adults. As a result, it was confirmed that the content design guiding the production process of Chinese ceramic cultural properties using motion graphics was very effective in delivering information. Visitors who watched dynamic motion graphics showed a higher level of information perception overall than those who watched fixed images. In particular, it was necessary to understand a complex stage in the glaze painting stage, and the difference in the level of information perception that accurately understood this had distinct characteristics. Through the development of content design that guides the production process of Chinese ceramic cultural properties using motion graphics, you will be able to gain more knowledge and appreciation through moving visual images provided with motion graphics rather than stationary images. Therefore, it is expected that research on using various cultural properties’ contents and motion graphics will be actively conducted.

A Generalized Hidden Markov Model and Its Applications in Recognition of Cutting States

Feng-Yun Xie,You-Min Hu,Bo Wu,Yan Wang 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.11

In the traditional hidden Markov model (HMM) for statistical learning and classification, aleatory uncertainty because of randomness and epistemic uncertainty that is due to the lack of knowledge are not differentiated. In this paper, a generalized hidden Markov model (GHMM) in the context of generalized interval probability theory is proposed. The parameters of GHMM are in the form of generalized interval probability, which provides a concise representation for the two kinds of uncertainty simultaneously. The generalized versions of the forward-backward, Viterbi, and Baum-Welch algorithms in GHMM are developed. The proposed algorithms take advantage of the algebraic property in the generalized interval probability. These algorithms provide an efficient approach to train the GHMM. The trained GHMM is used for state recognition with the criterion of maximum log-likelihood. A case study on recognizing the cutting states in manufacturing processes is provided to demonstrate the application of GHMM. The interval forms of the cutting signal are considered as the inputting of GHMM. The cutting states are recognized based on the learning algorithm of GHMM. With the two uncertainty components quantified, the reliability of GHMM in state recognition is superior to that of HMM.

Structural Analysis of an Acidic Polysaccharide Isolated from White Tea

Feng Jin,Ling-Yan Jia,You-Ying Tu 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

A novel white tea polysaccharide (WTPS) was isolated from white tea. The structure and ingredients of WTPS were characterized using UV-vis, an amino acid analyzer, GC, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). WTPS was an acidic polysaccharide mainly composed of mannose (D-Man) and arabinose (L-Ara) with lesser amounts of glucose (D-Glc), rhamnose (L-Rha), and galactose (D-Gal) with molar ratios of 4.5:4.2: 2.2:1.1:1. Seventeen amino acids were confirmed as components of WTPS. The polysaccharide appeared to be homogenous with a weight average Mw of 2.9×104 Da based on gel permeation chromatography analysis. WTPS was identified as a hydrophilic polysaccharide consisting of monosaccharide and acidic heteropolysaccharid chains based on FTIR, NMR, and AFM analysis.

Operational modal analysis of Canton Tower by a fast frequency domain Bayesian method

Feng-Liang Zhang,Yan-Chun Ni,Yan-Chun Ni,You-Wu Wang 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.17 No.2

The Canton Tower is a high-rise slender structure with a height of 610 m. A structural health monitoring system has been instrumented on the structure, by which data is continuously monitored. This paper presents an investigation on the identified modal properties of the Canton Tower using ambient vibration data collected during a whole day (24 hours). A recently developed Fast Bayesian FFT method is utilized for operational modal analysis on the basis of the measured acceleration data. The approach views modal identification as an inference problem where probability is used as a measure for the relative plausibility of outcomes given a model of the structure and measured data. Focusing on the first several modes, the modal properties of this supertall slender structure are identified on non-overlapping time windows during the whole day under normal wind speed. With the identified modal parameters and the associated posterior uncertainty, the distribution of the modal parameters in the future is predicted and assessed. By defining the modal root-mean-square value in terms of the power spectral density of modal force identified, the identified natural frequencies and damping ratios versus the vibration amplitude are investigated with the associated posterior uncertainty considered. Meanwhile, the correlations between modal parameters and temperature, modal parameters and wind speed are studied. For comparison purpose, the frequency domain decomposition (FDD) method is also utilized to identify the modal parameters. The identified results obtained by the Bayesian method, the FDD method and a finite element model are compared and discussed.