Molecular Cloning and Function Analysis of an Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene from Ginkgo biloba, and Its Expression in Abiotic Stress Responses

Feng Xu,Hua Cheng,Rong Cai,Lin Ling Li,Jie Chang,Jun Zhu,Feng Xia Zhang,Liu Ji Chen,Yan Wang,Shu Han Cheng,Shui Yuan Cheng 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.6

Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, leucoanthocyanidin oxygenase), a 2-oxoglutarate iron-dependent oxygenase, catalyzed the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the anthocyanin class of flavonoids, from the colorless leucoanthocyanidins to the colored anthocyanidins. The full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of ANS gene (designated as GbANS) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba for the first time. The full-length cDNA of GbANS contained a 1062-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 354-amino-acid protein. The genomic DNA analysis showed that GbANS gene had three exons and two introns. The deduced GbANS protein showed high identities to other plant ANSs. The conserved amino acids (H-X-D) ligating ferrous iron and residues (R-X-S) participating in 2-oxoglutarate binding were found in GbANS at the similar positions like other ANSs. Southern blot analysis indicated that GbANS belonged to a multi-gene family. The expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that GbANS expressed in a tissue-specific manner in G. biloba. GbANS was also found to be up-regulated by all of the six tested abiotic stresses, UV-B, abscisic acid, sucrose, salicylic acid, cold and ethylene, consistent with the promoter region analysis of GbANS. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli strain with pET-28a vector. The in vitro enzyme activity assay by HPLC indicated that recombinant GbANS protein could catalyze the formation the cyanidin from leucocyanidin and conversion of dihydroquercetin to quercetin, suggesting GbANS is a bifunctional enzyme within the anthocyanidin and flavonol biosynthetic pathway.

NUMERICAL RESULTS ON THE BRANCH OF THE KUROSHIO IN THE BASHI CHANNEL

Rong Feng Li 대한기계학회 1992 International Conference on Fluid Machinery Vol.1 No.1

K-Charmonium Dissociation Cross Sections and Charmonium Dissociation Rates in Hadronic Matter

Feng-Rong Liu,Shi-Tao Ji,Xiao-Ming Xu 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.4

K-charmonium dissociation reactions in hadronic matter are studied in the Born approximation, in the quark-interchange mechanism, and with a temperature-dependent quark potential. We obtain the temperature dependence of the unpolarized cross sections for the reactions KJ/ ! ¯D D+ s , ¯D D+ s , ¯DD+ s , and ¯DD+ s ; K 0 ! ¯DD+ s , ¯DD+ s , ¯DD+ s , and ¯DD+ s ; Kc ! ¯DD+ s , ¯DD+ s , ¯D D+ s , and ¯D D+ s . We use the cross sections for charmonium dissociation in collisions with pions, mesons, kaons, vector kaons, and mesons to calculate the dissociation rates of charmonium with five types of mesons. Because of the temperature dependence of the meson masses, dissociation cross sections, and meson distribution functions, the charmonium dissociation rates generally increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing charmonium momentum from 2.2 GeV/c. We find that the first derivative of the dissociation rate with respect to the charmonium momentum is zero when the charmonium is at rest. While the + 0 and the + c dissociation reactions can be neglected, the J/ , 0, and c dissociations are caused by collisions with pions, mesons, kaons, vector kaons, and mesons.

New Permeable Structure for Controlling Debris Flows in the Wenjiagou Gully

Yu-feng Liang,Chuan Liang,Hongwei Zhou,Feng-rong Yang,Miao Huo,Jia-wen Zhou 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.11

Aimed to control debris flows more effectively, we attempt to develop a new structure called a “sloping roof grill dam”, which consists of guidance walls, separation grills and lateral deposit areas. A series of flume tests were performed to verify the function of this new structure, focusing on the trapping efficiency (β ), deceleration efficiency (μ) and coarse-fine sediment separation extents (η) under different conditions of structure and debris flows. Experimental results show that both the trapping and deceleration efficiency increase with a decrease in permeability, whereas the separation extent shown the opposite effect. Multiple regression analysis indicates that β and η are linearly dependent on the permeability, deceleration efficiency and magnitudes of debris flow. In addition, an increase in beam gap can lead to an increase in the impact area downstream for the debris flow after the control of the structure. Finally, a two-level installation of the structure is tested to determine whether there is an enhancement of the debris control, which indicated that although the trapping effect of the two-level structure is considerably greater than that of a single-level structure (2.11 times at maximum), the separation extent of the two-level structure is not distinct and may be even lower.

Genetic Diversity and Geographical Differentiation of Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. in South China Revealed by AFLP Markers

Mao-feng Yue,Ren-chao Zhou,Ye-lin Huang,Guo-rong Xin,Su-hua Shi,Li Feng 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.2

High levels of genetic variation enable species to adapt to changing environments and provide plant breeders with the raw materials necessary for artificial selection. In the present study, six AFLP primer pairs were used to assess the genetic diversity of Desmodium triflorum (L.)DC. from 12 populations in South China. A high percentage of polymorphic loci (P=76.16%) and high total gene diversity (HT=0.310) were found, indicating that the genetic diversity of D. triflorum is high at the species level. Genetic diversity was also relatively high at the population level (P=55.85%, He=0.230). The coefficient of gene differentiation among populations (GST) was 0.255, indicating that while most genetic diversity resided within populations, there was also considerable differentiation among populations. AMOVA also indicated 24.29% of the total variation to be partitioned among populations (ΦST=0.243). UPGMA clustering analysis based on genetic distances showed that the 12 populations could be separated into three subgroups: an eastern, a western, and a central-southern subgroup. However, a Mantel test revealed no significant correlation (r=0.286, p=0.983)between the geographical distances and genetic distances separating these populations; mountain barriers to gene flow and human disturbance may have confounded these correlations. The present study has provided some fundamental genetic data that will be of use in the exploitation of D. triflorum.

공공도서관 실내공용공간에 적용된 유니버설 디자인 평가 연구

풍용(Feng, Rong),주항(Zhou, Haong),전로(Tian, Lu),황연숙(Hwang, Yeon-Sook) 한국실내디자인학회 2021 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.23 No.1

헬스클럽 공간 이용에 대한 노인층의 사용성 연구

풍용(Feng, Rong),남경숙(Nam, Kyeong-Sook) 한국실내디자인학회 2020 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Prevalence of Spina Bifida Occulta and Its Relationship With Overactive Bladder in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese People

Jun Wei Wu,Yu Rong Xing,Yi Bo Wen,Tian Fang Li,Quan De Feng,Xiao Ping Shang,Yun Long Li,Jin Jin Feng,Xin Xin Wang,Rong Qun Zhai,Xiang Fei He,Tao Chen,Xin Jian Liu,Jian Guo Wen 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) and its relationship with the presence of overactive bladder (OAB) in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out at 7 communities in Zhengzhou City, China from December 15, 2013 to June 10, 2014, where residents aged over 40 years were randomly selected to participate. All of the participants underwent lumbosacral radiographic analysis and relevant laboratory tests. A questionnaire including basic information, past medical history and present illness, and the OAB symptom score was filled out by all participants. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis with a P-value of <0.05 denoting statistical significance. Results: A total of 1,061 subjects were qualified for the final statistical analysis (58.8±11.7 years; male, 471 [44.4%]; female, 590 [55.6%]). The overall prevalence of SBO was 15.1% (160 of 1,061): 18.3% (86 of 471) in men and 12.5% (74 of 590) in women. Among these subjects, 13.7% (145 of 1,061) had OAB: 13.2% (62 of 471) in men and 14.1% (83 of 590) in women. The results of logistic regression showed that age, SBO, history of cerebral infarction (HCI), and constipation were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while sex, history of childhood enuresis (HCE), body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were not (P>0.05). In men, age, SBO, and constipation were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while HCE, BMI, DM, HCI, and benign prostate hyperplasia were not (P>0.05). In women, age, SBO, and HCI were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while HCE, BMI, DM, vaginal delivery, and constipation were not (P>0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of SBO is high and it is related to OAB in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Schizandrae Fructus on Lead-Induced Change of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus

Rong Jie Zha,Zheng Lin Zhao,Xiu Feng Zhao,Guang Wen Zha,Meng Quan Li,Yi Yan Wu,Jing Qiu Li,Li Xin Guan,김상찬 대한한의학방제학회 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

The effects of aqueous extract of Schizandrae Fructus (AESC) on lead (Pb)-induced changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus (HIP) of adult rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Pb acetate (5 mg/kg/d) for 28 days and sacrificed 7 days after the last administration. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in HIP were measured by HPLC. There were significant decreases of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in Pb treated rats (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with AESC (100 mg/kg/d or 300 mg/kg/d, p.o., 2 h before Pb) greatly inhibited the decrease of monoamine transmitters, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, AESC (300 mg/kg/d) significantly increased the reduction of glutathione contents and superoxide dismutase activities in HIP induced by chronic Pb. These results suggest that AESC ameliorates Pb-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in HIP through its antioxidant activity.

COMPETING OR ALIGNING? MOBILE OPERATOR’S PRICING ADAPATATION TO THE CHALLENGES FROM OTT

Rong Chen,Xiaobing Xu,Feng He 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

In this paper, OTT (Over-The-Top) refers to voice, video and data services that arrive from a third party service provider (SP) and doesn’t require any business or technology affiliations with the network operator (Southwell 2011). Traditional telephone companies (telcos) are under big threat from OTT messaging applications which have been splitting flow of text message and voice from the former. Even though, mobile operators still enjoy some asymmetric advantages by controlling the basic telecommunications infrastructure, monitoring the network usage and distinguishing between different OTT actors (Bertin et al. 2011). From a market structure perspective, mobile telecoms industry with the entrance of OTT messaging applications is analogous to the traditional dual-channel structure. On one hand, mobile operators “sell” communication services such as SMS and voice directly to subscribers; on the other hand, they “wholesale” the network infrastructure to OTT SPs on which OTT applications distribute text, picture, video and voice for end users. Extant research has extensively examined the channel selection, channel competition and coordination in traditional sectors (Cai 2010; Cattani et al. 2006; Chiang et al. 2003; Dumrongsir et al. 2008). However, the explanation of dual channel might not be well applicable to the mobile operator and OTT issue considering some new features in the industry. 1) comparing with traditional product distribution, the mobile operators are selling “the right to use the network”, thus they could both charge the “access” and “usage” fee. 2) unlike the traditional retailing channel where consumers make payments to retailer, consumers using OTT would pay network usage fee (data fee) to the mobile operator. 3) traditional retailors earn their profits by selling products with a higher price than the wholesale price. However, OTT services aim to develop their own business after accumulation of sufficient quantities of users, such as revenues form ads, traffic guidance and so on. This paper is conducted to analyze the pricing strategy of mobile operators facing the challenge of OTT. For simplicity, we assume a monopoly market, namely one mobile operator provide network infrastructure for one OTT messaging service provider who provides communication service for consumers. Based on dynamic game theory, we show that: firstly, under non-cooperative strategy, a mobile operator should charge OTT a positive network access fee which is positively correlated to OTT platform’s future commercial value and direct communication service price, and negatively correlated to indirect communication service; secondly, under cooperative strategy, a mobile operator and OTT could create a more joint profit than that under non-cooperative strategy. The platform access fee that the joint venture charges end users is negatively correlated with OTT platform future commercial value; thirdly, despite the choice of cooperative or non-cooperative strategy, the price of direct communication products has a negative correlation with OTT platform future commercial value and a positive correlation with the platform quality; while the price of indirect communication products is positively correlated with platform future commercial value and is negatively correlated with OTT platform quality. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the managerial implications for mobile operators and OTT SPs. With regard to policy makers, we suggest that a convenient cooperation environment should be provided, because both mobile operator and OTT SP would obtain a high profit under cooperative condition than that under non-cooperative condition and at the same time consumers could also enjoy a better welfare. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71172011 and 71272160) and NCET-12-0772.