CONTROL OF BLISTER RUST OF TAIWAN RED PINE IN TAIWAN

Peng,Lin Feng,Chung Yi Tsai,Zuei Ching Chen 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1

In 1966, the outbreak of a rust disease was discovered from the young plantation of Taiwan red pine (Pines taiwanensis Hay.) at the northeastern part of Taiwan Island. The plantation of about 2,000㏊ planted with 3-4 years old saplings is located on the mountain slopes of a valley of the upper stream of Ta-Chia River. The rust disease was first discovered sporadically from the narrow margin of plantation surrounding the pine nursery which was located at the center of valley. The disease spread rapidly and the total infected area in 1968 had been recorded for 186 ha. The rust fungus was first identified as Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. The alternative hosts of this rust fungus, Ribes spp. were not recovered from the area of infectian sites nor from the area of 20Km radius from the infected site. Instead of Ribes host, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. were planted in the nursery near by the pine nursery from 1966. It was thus identified the rust fungus as Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint. The extensive control measures were practiced from 1968 and the eradication of infected saplings, shrubs and weeds of forest floors was given the first priority. In total, 111,852 trees infected were felled down from 1966 to 1971. All infected branches or parts of the trees were first wrapped with the vinyl film to prevent the dispersion of rust spores and then trees were felled down and finally were burnt at the site. Rest of pine trees of the whole plantation were sprayed with the fungicides; 0.2% Dithane Z-78 or 4-4 Bordeux mixture with addition of 1% Uspulun. Spraying of fungicides was carried out at least twice a month and continued to 1971. In 1973 and 1974, reforestation by some resistance tree species such as Pines armandi Fr., Taiwania, Cryptomeria, or Chamaecyparis, etc, were practiced. In total, 148,500 seedlings of tree species mentioned above were replaced the infected pine trees. Since the first outbreak of the disease in 1966, 20 years have been passed without any new outbreak of the rust disease by C. flaccidum in the same site or any other plantations in Taiwan. The control of the rust disease erupted in Taiwan red pine plantation in 1966 in thus concluded as very successful.

Blast diseases influenced on agronomic and eating quality traits of rice in Korea

Feng-peng Li,Won-Hee Ra,Yong-Jin Park,Il-Pyung Ahn 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods that feed more than 50% of the world’s population. With the improving of people’s living standard, eating quality of rice become the most important aims in current breeding programs. Amylose content (AC) and gelatinization temperature (GT) are the two main measures to estimate the rice grain quality. In rice, a total of 27 genes directly involved the rice starch biosynthesis effecting on the rice eating quality. It clearly identified chromosome 6 to be rich in the genes related to AC and GT properties (GBSS I, SSIIa and SBE I) along with other genomic regions scattered in rice genome. Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen M. oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice and severely affects crop stability and sustainability worldwide. Many fungal genes involved in pathogenicity and rice genes involved in effector recognition and defense responses have been identified over the past decade. A total of 99 and 22 blast resistance genes have been identified and cloned; in which 45% were found in japonica cultivars, 51% in indica cultivars, and the rest 4% in wild rice species. Among them, three major resistance gene clusters have been characeterized: the Pik locus on Chromosome 11, and the Pita locus on Chromosome 12, the Piz locus on Chromosome 6 closely to the starch synthesis-related genes. These results could be important clues for studying the relationship between resistance / susceptible materials and eating quality.

Against Aesthetic Modernity: A Combined Action between Pragmatism and Confucianism

( Peng Feng ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.2

In competing with the aesthetic modernity, pragmatism usually appeals to Confucianism for supports. How is it possible? Aesthetic modernity is known for its claim for aesthetic autonomy, or art for art`s sake. In contrary, pragmatism and Confucianism oppose to the compartmentalization and elitism supposed by aesthetic modernity, instead, advocate connection and popularization. However, even there are a number of similarities between pragmatism and Confucianism, we cannot ignore the underlying differences between them. A semiotic analysis can manifest not only the difference between aesthetic modernity and pragmatism or Confucianism, but also the difference between pragmatism and Confucianism.

일원一元과 다원多元 : 장자莊子의 다원론 사상과 그 의의

Peng, Feng 사회와 철학 연구회 2003 사회와 철학 Vol.0 No.6

오늘날 다원문화론과 세계화에 관련된 논쟁 과정에서 적지 않은 학자들이 장자로 대표되는 도가의 지혜에서 사상적 자원을 공급받으려 한다. 그렇다면 장자의 사상은 도대체 어느 정도까지 오늘날의 다원문화론을 지지할 수 있을까? 본 논문에서는 이것을 알기 위해 장자의 다원론사상에 대한 자세한 분석을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 우선 현대 다원문화론의 철학적 모체라고 할 수 있는 포스트모더니즘의 다원주의를 살펴보자. 그들은 '일一'과 '다多'의 문제를 처리함에 다음과 같은 책략을 구사한다. 본질로서의 '일'의 존재를 부정하여 현상으로서의 '다'로 하여금 자기충족적인 존재가 되도록 한다. 본질이 현상의 근거가 되지 않기 때문에 모든 현상은 동등하게 진실되거나 동등하게 비진실非眞實이다. 장자는 이와 달리 '일'을 추구하고 '다'를 반대한다. 그렇다면 어떻게 장자에게 '중衆'의 다원론사상이 있다고 말할 수 있는가? 이 때문에 장자의 '일'에 대해 심도 있는 분석을 해야 한다. 장자의 '제물齊物'은 우리가 습관적으로 말하는 용어로 표현한다면 재현성再現性의 차이를 말소시켜 드러남의 동일을 두드러지게 하는 것이다. 장자가 보기에 본래의 '일'도 언어로 재현되면 바로 '삼三'이 될 수 있다. 그러므로 장자는 언어가 사물에 대해 재현하는 것을 반대할 뿐만 아니라 그 밖의 어느 것이라도 인과에 근거한 재현이라면 모두 반대한다. 왜냐하면 이런 방식으로는 진정한 '일'에 도달할 수 없기 때문이다. 장자의 존재론적 다원론은 '지금'을 '과거'와 '미래'의 관계에서 해방시키고 '여기'를 '저기'와의 관계에서 해방시켜 우리의 모든 '지금' '여기'의 생명으로 하여금 모두 충분히 자기 자신의 의의를 드러내게 하는 것이다 '지금' '여기'에 집중함, 이것만이 진정한 도가식道家式 생활이다.

儒家思想中倫理學與美學的深層關聯

( Peng Feng ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2004 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.4 No.-

In terms of narrow aesthetics, we can determine the scope of Confucian aesthetics from the statements of Confucian thinkers about beauty and art. If handled in this way, Confucian aesthetics will look very poor, and we will not be able to find important Confucian aesthetic works or even dissertations. However, from the point of view of general aesthetics or “lowest line aesthetics,” Confucian aesthetics are quite abundant and are embodied mainly as ethical thoughts, the core of Confucianism. It is no exaggeration to say that aesthetics is at the root of Confucian ethics, just as Confucius warned his disciples that “you cannot tell unless you learn poetry.” Confucian ethics are fundamentally related to aesthetic education. In Confucianism, the deep correlation between ethics and aesthetics is close to pragmatism in modern thought, so a preliminary comparison is needed. However, while the pragmatic and Confucian aesthetics are similar in general tendencies, the issues they consider are very different in detail. Postmodern aesthetics finds that life also has artistic characteristics by virtualizing the whole of life. This is a very important difference between a practical aesthetic and a Confucian aesthetic. This article deals with this.

PERFECTIONISM BETWEEN PRAGMATISM AND CONFUCIANISM

Feng, Peng 용인대학교 대학원 2005 International Symposium on HUMAN & CULTURE Vol.- No.-

Transcriptome profiling of Shindongjin and Sugary mutant at grain-filling stages using RNA-Seq

Feng-Peng Li,Min-Young Yoon,Gang Li,Yong-Jin Park 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an excellent model monocot with a known genome sequence for studying developmental seeds. In the study, the seeds of 10th day after flowering (DAF) were conducted RNA-Seq of the variety Shindongjin and Sugary mutant using RNA-seq technique. Approximately 202 and 214 million high-quality paired-end reads (101-bp in size) were generated in Shindongjin and Sugary mutant, respectively. Comprehensive analysis on the transcript levels of genes which encode starch-synthesis enzymes is fundamental for the assessment of the function of each enzyme and the regulatory mechanism of starch biosynthesis in seeds. Quantitative real-time PCR was also used to validate the expression profiles of 28 rice genes encoding six classes of enzymes, viz., ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, starch debranching enzyme, starch phosphorylase, and disproportionating enzyme at different developmental grain- filling stages (DAF 1-14) between Shindongjin and Sugary mutant. The results showed that the expression of most of starch synthesis genes were up-regulated except the cytosolic AGPase small subunit2b (AGPS2b), which sharply decreased at grain-filling stages in Sugary mutant. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events in rice grain-filling stages and provide a fundamental understanding of future studies on developmental endosperm in rice and other cereal crops.

Inhibitory Effects of Syk Transfection on Lung Cancer Cell Invasion

Peng, Chuan-Liang,Zhang, Ying,Sun, Qi-Feng,Zhao, Yun-Peng,Hao, Ying-Tao,Zhao, Xiao-Gang,Cong, Bo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Objective: Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis, and has been shown to have potential inhibitory effects in tumors. In this study, we constructed a eukaryotic expression vector for Syk and analyzed its effects on invasive ability of the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line in vitro. Methods: A fragment of Syk was obtained by RT-PCR from human lung cancer cells and cloned into the expression vector pLNCXSyk. After restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR and DNA sequencing confirmation, the recombinant Syk expression plasmid was transfected into A549 human lung cancer cells using lipofectamine protocols. After selection, the cells stably expressed Syk. Detection of Syk expression of the cells by RT-PCR, and invasive ability were examined. Results: The eukaryotic expression plamid pLNCXSyk was constructed and expressed stably in the A549 human lung cancer cells. The RT-PCR results showed that Syk mRNA expression was upregulated significantly (P<0.05). Lower invasion through a basal membrane were apparent after transfection (P<0.05). Conclusions: A eukaryotic expression plasmid to cause Syk expression in lung cancer cells can obviously inhibit their invasive ability in vitro.

Prevalence and Age, Gender and Geographical Area Distribution of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North China from 1985 to 2006

Feng, Xiao-Shan,Yang, Yan-Tong,Gao, She-Gan,Ru, Yi,Wang, Gong-Ping,Zhou, Bo,Wang, Yu-Feng,Zhang, Peng-Fei,Li, Pu-Yu,Liu, Yong-Xuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Objective: To establish the prevalence and distribution profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) over a 22-yr period in North China. Methods: Using endoscopy for primary diagnosis and histological analysis for the further confirmation, a total of 74,854 ESCC patients aged 20-89 between January 1985 and December 2006 were investigated to analyze the epidemiological profile including prevalence rates, distribution of age-of-onset, gender and geographical area of ESCC in Luoyang, the highest incidence area of North China. Results: A total of 4092 cases of ESCC were finally diagnosed among 74,854 patients who had their first endoscopies. The prevalence among males was higher than that among females (p<0.01), resulting in an overall male:female OR of 1.2 (95%CI, 1.2-1.3). The prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (p<0.01), resulting in an overall rural:urban OR of 2.6 (95%CI, 2.4-2.9). The rural:urban ORs and the 95% CI increased continuously from 2.6, 2.3-3.0 to 2.7, 2.2-3.3, respectively, for 4 consecutive periods during the 22-yr study period. Moreover, the median age of onset among females was higher than that among males (p<0.01). For both sexes and in both areas, the prevalence rates declined and the median age of onset rose for 4 consecutive periods in the 22-yrs time frame (p<0.01). Conculsions: These data reveal the epidemiological profile of ESCC in the area of North China, and suggest that urban areas and rural people account for a growing proportion of the ESCC patients although the prevalence of ESCC significantly declined and the median age-of-onset postponed over the 22-yrs period. Moreover, the prevalence status of ESCC in rural areas also underlines the need for public health initiatives aimed at reducing risk factors of this fatal disease.

Transcriptome analysis of grain-filling caryopses reveals the potential formation mechanism of the rice sugary mutant

Feng-peng Li,Won-Hee Ra,Min-Young Yoon,Soon-Wook Kwon,Tae-Sung Kim,Il-Pyung Ahn,Yong-Jin Park 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

A sugary mutant with low total starch and high sugar content was compared with its wild type Sindongjin for grain-filling caryopses. In the present study, developing seeds of Sindongjin and sugary mutant from the 11th day after flowering (DAF) were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). A total of 30,385 and 32,243 genes were identified in Sindongjin and sugary mutant. Transcriptomic changes analysis showed that 7,713 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (log2 Fold change ≥1, false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.001) were identified based on our RNA-Seq data, with 7,239 genes up-regulated and 474 down-regulated in the sugary mutant. A large number of DEGs were found related to metabolic, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and starch/sugar metabolism. Detailed pathway dissection and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that most genes involved in sucrose to starch synthesis are up-regulated, whereas the expression of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit (OsAGPS2b) catalyzing the first committed step of starch biosynthesis was specifically inhibited during the grain-filling stage in sugary mutant. Further analysis suggested that the OsAGPS2b is a considerable candidate gene responsible for phenotype of sugary mutant.