Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in south Asian population: evidence from nationallyrepresentative surveys

Fariha Binte Hossain,Gourab Adhikary,Ariful Bari Chowdhury,Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon 대한고혈압학회 2020 Clinical Hypertension Vol.26 No.1

Background: Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups. Methods: We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women. Hypertension was defined by 2017 ACC/AHA cut-offs and by Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) cut-offs for measured blood pressure and overweight and obesity were defined by measured height and weight. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. Results: The prevalence of hypertension using JNC7 cut-offs among participants increased by age in all three countries. The prevalence ranged from 17.4% in 35–44 years to 34.9% in ≥55 years in Bangladesh, from 4.6% in 18– 24 years to 28.6% in 45–54 years in India, and from 3.8% in 18–24 years to 39.2% in ≥55 years in Nepal. Men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity using both WHO and South Asian cut-offs were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65–1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58–1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90–2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Conclusions: Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations at even lower cut-offs points for overweight and obesity. Therefore, public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI in all population groups would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.

Effect of Geometric and Material Properties on the Behavior of Axially Loaded Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tube Columns

Gazi Algaj Hossain,Khandaker Fariha Ahmed,Soebur Rahman 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.4

The application of concrete-fi lled stainless steel tubular (CFSST) columns has been increased rapidly in bridges and other infrastructure around the globe due to its greater corrosion resistance, fi re resistance, and durability. This research has investigated the compressive behavior of CFSST columns both experimentally and numerically. An experimental program has been carried out with twenty-four (24) column specimens of six (6) diff erent sizes and shapes with varying concrete strength . A 3D non-linear fi nite element model was developed to validate the experimental result. Besides, an extensive parametric study has been conducted to investigate the eff ect of geometric and material properties. It was observed that the numerical model can predict the experimental result and failure mode with very high accuracy. In general, the failure was occurred due to the outwards buckling of the steel tube. The ductility index decreased with increasing the compressive strength of concrete. The rectangular columns exhibited less ductility index than the square and circular columns. The increase in column axial capacity due to higher concrete strength was more signifi cant for columns having a higher depth to thickness (D/t) ratio. Finally, the axial capacity of the columns was compared with the design standards.

Evaluating the Quality of Software in e-Book Using the ISO 9126 Model

Syahrul Fahmy,Nurul Haslinda,Wan Roslina,Ziti Fariha 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.5 No.2

Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase

Saman Hasan Siddiqui,Azza Sarfraz,Arjumand Rizvi,Fariha Shaheen,Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai,Syed Asad Ali 질병관리본부 2021 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.12 No.2

Objectives: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation in over 200 countries. Italy, Spain, and the United States (US) were most severely affected by the first wave of the pandemic. The reasons why some countries were more strongly affected than others remain unknown. We identified the most-affected and less-affected countries and states and explored environmental, host, and infrastructure risk factors that may explain differences in the SARS-CoV-2 mortality burden. Methods: We identified the top 10 countries/US states with the highest deaths per population until May 2020. For each of these 10 case countries/states, we identified 6 control countries/states with a similar population size and at least 3 times fewer deaths per population. We extracted data for 30 risk factors from publicly available, trusted sources. We compared case and control countries/states using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and conducted a secondary cluster analysis to explore the relationship between the number of cases per population and the number of deaths per population using a scalable EM (expectation–maximization) clustering algorithm. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in 16 of 30 investigated risk factors, the most important of which were temperature, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates, the percentage of under-5 deaths due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and diarrhea, and tuberculosis incidence (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Countries with a higher burden of baseline pediatric mortality rates, higher pediatric mortality from preventable diseases like diarrhea and ARI, and higher tuberculosis incidence had lower rates of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mortality, supporting the hygiene hypothesis.

Perception of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Personnel on Society Recommendations on Personal Protective Equipment, Case Selection, and Scope Cleaning During Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Survey Study

Parit Mekaroonkamol,Kasenee Tiankanon,Rapat Pittayanon,Wiriyaporn Ridtitid,Fariha Shams,Ghias Un Nabi Tayyab,Julia Massaad,Saurabh Chawla,Stanley Khoo,Siriboon Attasaranya,Nonthalee Pausawasdi,Qiang C 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.2

Background/Aims: The Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published recommendations on safe endoscopyduring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the practicality and applicability of therecommendations and the perceptions of endoscopy personnel on them. Methods: A validated questionnaire was sent to 1290 endoscopy personnel globally. Of these, the data of all 330 responders (25.6%)from 15 countries, related to the current recommendations on proper personal protective equipment (PPE), case selection, scopecleaning, and safety perception, were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between thevariables. Results: Despite an overwhelming agreement with the recommendations on PPE (94.5%) and case selection (95.5%), theirpracticality and applicability on PPE recommendations and case selection were significantly lower (p=0.001, p=0.047, p<0.001, andp=0.032, respectively). Factors that were associated with lower sense of safety in endoscopy units were younger age (p=0.004), lessworking experience (p=0.008), in-training status (p=0.04), and higher national prevalence of COVID-19 (p=0.003). High prevalentcountries also had more difficulty implementing the guidelines (p<0.001) and they considered the PPE recommendations lesspractical and showed lower agreement with them (p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). A higher number of in-hospital COVID-19patients was associated with less agreement with PPE recommendations (p=0.039). Conclusions: Using appropriate PPE and case selection in endoscopic practice during a pandemic remains a challenge. Resourceavailability and local prevalence are critical factors influencing the adoption of the current guidelines.

Multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are associated with ready-to-eat salad and vegetables in Pakistan

Mir Sadiq Shah,Mark Eppinger,Safia Ahmed,Aamer Ali Shah,Abdul Hameed,Fariha Hasan 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are major foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Consumption of raw vegetables is encouraged due to its nutrient content and antioxidant properties, although their ingestion is linked to a series of foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli pathotypes in raw vegetables and ready-to-eat salad for the development of better risk management. A total of 260 vegetable and salad mix (cucumber, lettuce, spinach, and carrot) samples were collected from commercial food markets in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. About 34 % vegetable samples were contaminated with E. coli strains. 32.4 % E. coli strains from vegetable sample were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Similarly, 26.7 % of salad samples were contaminated with E. coli pathotypes. 15 % [two Enterotoxigenic E. coli and one Enteropathogenic E. coli] were isolated from spinach salad samples. 25 % [three Enterotoxigenic E. coli, one Enteropathogenic E. coli and one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type A. 40 % [four Enterotoxigenic E. coli, two Enteropathogenic E. coli and two Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type B. 92 % diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes showed resistance against Tetracycline and 87 % to Ampicillin. This study showed that fresh vegetable and their products were contaminated with multidrug-resistant E. coli pathotypes.

Multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are associated with ready-to-eat salad and vegetables in Pakistan

Shah, Mir Sadiq,Eppinger, Mark,Ahmed, Safia,Shah, Aamer Ali,Hameed, Abdul,Hasan, Fariha The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are major foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Consumption of raw vegetables is encouraged due to its nutrient content and antioxidant properties, although their ingestion is linked to a series of foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli pathotypes in raw vegetables and ready-to-eat salad for the development of better risk management. A total of 260 vegetable and salad mix (cucumber, lettuce, spinach, and carrot) samples were collected from commercial food markets in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. About 34 % vegetable samples were contaminated with E. coli strains. 32.4 % E. coli strains from vegetable sample were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Similarly, 26.7 % of salad samples were contaminated with E. coli pathotypes. 15 % [two Enterotoxigenic E. coli and one Enteropathogenic E. coli] were isolated from spinach salad samples. 25 % [three Enterotoxigenic E. coli, one Enteropathogenic E. coli and one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type A. 40 % [four Enterotoxigenic E. coli, two Enteropathogenic E. coli and two Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type B. 92 % diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes showed resistance against Tetracycline and 87 % to Ampicillin. This study showed that fresh vegetable and their products were contaminated with multidrug-resistant E. coli pathotypes.

Extraction and quantification of phenolic compounds from Prunus armeniaca seed and their role in biotransformation of xenobiotic compounds

Ismat Bibi,Aneela Sultan,Shagufta Kamal,Shazia Nouren,Yusra Safa,Kashif Jalani,Misbah Sultan,Sadia Atta,Fariha Rehman 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.2

The current research project has been devoted to isolating new low cost and eco-friendly phenolic compounds from fruit seeds, peels and vegetables to reduce the atmospheric pollution. Natural phenolic compounds were extracted from different fruit seeds and agriculture waste: P. armeniaca, P. persica, P. domestica and Triticum aesativum. The total phenolic content was quantified, and the maximum value (1 mL extract having 1,933 μg) was found in P. armeniaca seed extract. Phytochemical screening showed that P. armeniaca seeds contain higher amount of alkaloid, tannins, saponins and flavonoid. P. armeniaca seeds enhanced the biotransformation of reactive yellow dye up to 69.89% with maximum laccase (322.45 IU/mL) production. Biodegradation of reactive yellow was only 23.34% without natural redox mediator at sixth day of incubation. Use of P. armeniaca seed stimulators resulted in maximum laccase activity (894.4 IU/mL) with 99.5% rate of removal. UV-Vis, HPLC & FTIR analysis confirmed the transformation of parent dye into various new products. Phytotoxicity study indicated 0% germination index of Avena sativa seeds with reactive yellow, whereas 83% germination index having 100% seed germination while 83% root elongation with treated sample. Thus, the study revealed that the natural phenolic compounds could serve as high potential redox mediators for enhanced laccase-mediated decolorization of reactive yellow dye.

Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Citric Acid Impregnated Samama Wood (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil) at High Curing Temperatures

( Sarah Augustina ),( Sari Delviana Marbun ),( Sudarmanto ),( Narto ),( Deazy Rachmi Trisatya ),( Eko Budi Santoso ),( Dhimas Pramadani ),( Nanda Nur Afni ),( Tushliha Ayyuni Fariha ),( Gabriel Wiwind 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.6

Samama wood (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil) is a fast-growing and lesser-utilized wood species that has inferior properties; therefore, its quality needs to be improved. This research aimed to determine the effect of citric acid impregnation at high curing temperatures on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood. Citric acid solution with 10% concentration (w/w) was impregnated into wood samples by vacuum-pressure method (-0.5 cmHg, 30 min; 0.7 MPa, 3 h), followed by curing process at 140℃, 160℃, and 180℃ of temperature for 1 h. In comparison, the other wood samples were heat treated at the same temperatures and time. The results showed that the increase in curing and heat temperatures for both treatments were directly proportional to the dimensional stability, but inversely proportional to the mechanical properties. Citric acid impregnated had higher density, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties, except for modulus of rupture, than that of heat treatment. The optimum temperature is suggested at 160℃ in both treatments.