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The Context of Traditional Chinese Residence
Fang,Xiaofeng 국민대학교 동양문화디자인연구소 2011 Journal of Oriental Culture&Design Vol.3 No.1
“Pan-residence” or the pursuit of the universality of architecture is a tendency in the traditional Chinese architecture. With residence as sample, the article clarified several cultural characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture through organizing the information about traditional residence. Traditional Chinese residence attaches importance to the corresponding relationship between geometrical position and social rank; in terms of spatial form, the traditional Chinese residence is characteristic of outward closure and inward openness; for the architectural ornament, there is clear level restrictions besides the lucky culture. The article explained the relationship between Yin-Yang, five element theory and Feng-Shui. Based on this theory, traditional Chinese culture established an environmental system of universal connection, through which built up a unique ancient Chinese architecture system. In the end, the article briefly introduced the private garden which is co-existent with residence, explaining the value of traditional Chinese private garden on the theory of culture that complements mutually.
Molecular Characterization of Ca_(∨)2.3 in Rat Trigemical Ganglion Neurons
Zhi Fang,Kim, Joong-Soo,Oh, Seog-Bae The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2
R-type(Ca_(∨)2.3) calcium channel contributes to pain sensation in peripheral sensory neurons. Six isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 that result from combinations of presence or delection of three inserts(inserts Ⅰ and insert in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ loop, and insert Ⅲ in N-terminal regions) have been demonstrated to be present in different mammalian tissues. However, the molecular basis of Ca_(∨)2.3 in trigeminal ganglion(TG) neurons is not known. In the present study, we determined which isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 are expressed in rat TG neurons using the RT-PCR analysis. Whole tissue RT-PCR analyses revealed that only two isoforms, Ca_(∨)2.3a and Ca_(∨)2.3e, were present in TG neurons. From single-cell RT-PCR, we found that Ca_(∨)2.3e rather than Ca_(∨)2.3a was the major isoform expressed in TG neurons, and Ca_(∨)2.3e was preferentially detected in small-sized neurons that express nociceptive marker, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1). Our results suggest that Ca_(∨)2.3e in trigeminal neurons may be a potential target for the pain treatment.
Social service purchasing in China: Rationale, features, and risks
Natasha Cortis1,Qian Fang1,Zhenfang Dou2 한국사회복지학회 2018 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.12 No.3
progressing an agenda of purchasing child welfare and other social services from the nongovernment sector, primarily to expand capacity and address vast unmet need. This paper draws on current research evidence to explore the approaches to purchasing emerging in China, examining the rationale for purchasing and models of supply, competition, and regulation. While some approaches are modeled on direct service contracting, direct purchasing of social service “posts” is also used, aimed at achieving goals of professionalization alongside service expansion. Overall, the review shows purchasing is helping to rapidly expand service scale and capacity; however, regulatory strategies for managing and mitigating risks to quality and access appear lacking. This highlights the need for further scholarship aimed at developing the robust risk management strategies which are required to support high quality, sustainable provision of purchased services.