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A 12-MHz CW RFQ for the AEBL Project
D. L. Schrage,P. N. Ostroumov,A. Barcikowski,D. Fallin,A. A. Kolomiets 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.3
The Advanced Exotic Beam Laboratory (AEBL) at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) will provide a research facility for studies of nuclear phenomena by using beams of short-lived isotopes for research on the nature of nucleonic matter and the origin of the elements, for tests of the Standard Model, for applications in medicine and industry, and for other applied physics research. The proposed design of the AEBL driver linac evolved from the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) project. The AEBL will be a CW linac capable of accelerating uranium ions up to 200 MeV/u and protons to 580 MeV with 400 kW beam power. The AEBL facility also includes a post-accelerator which is designed for acceleration of radioactive ions with charge-to-mass ratios in the range from 1/238 to 1/6. Very low charge-state ions can be most eciently bunched and accelerated by using normally-conducting radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for the rst few MV of the post accelerator. A two-meter long, 12-MHz CW RFQ was designed, built, and tested in the late 1990s as the rst section of a three-section RFQ [18]. This RFQ achieved inter-electrode voltages of 110 kV CW (the peak surface eld was 15 MV/m) and accelerated beams with A/q as large as 132 (132Xe). The AEBL requires a similar RFQ for the post-acceleration of singly-charged unstable nuclides. Our plan is to replace the vanes of this RFQ with a design that incorporates a stronger focusing and that will achieve a higher peak surface eld (16 MV/m) at 82.2-kV inter-vane voltage. The objectives of this project are 1. to conrm the possibility of a low injection energy of 0.4 keV/u which signicantly reduces the voltage required for a high-voltage deck; 2. to test the highest possible peak surface eld on the RFQ electrodes designed for the lowest frequency of 12 MHz compared to existing RFQs worldwide; 3. to provide a technical base for the design of a post-accelerator for the future Advanced Exotic Beam Facility. At the present time, the design is complete, and the fabrication of the 12 MHz RFQ is scheduled to commence in October 2007 with testing planned in 2008. The physics and engineering design of the RFQ is discussed. The Advanced Exotic Beam Laboratory (AEBL) at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) will provide a research facility for studies of nuclear phenomena by using beams of short-lived isotopes for research on the nature of nucleonic matter and the origin of the elements, for tests of the Standard Model, for applications in medicine and industry, and for other applied physics research. The proposed design of the AEBL driver linac evolved from the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) project. The AEBL will be a CW linac capable of accelerating uranium ions up to 200 MeV/u and protons to 580 MeV with 400 kW beam power. The AEBL facility also includes a post-accelerator which is designed for acceleration of radioactive ions with charge-to-mass ratios in the range from 1/238 to 1/6. Very low charge-state ions can be most eciently bunched and accelerated by using normally-conducting radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for the rst few MV of the post accelerator. A two-meter long, 12-MHz CW RFQ was designed, built, and tested in the late 1990s as the rst section of a three-section RFQ [18]. This RFQ achieved inter-electrode voltages of 110 kV CW (the peak surface eld was 15 MV/m) and accelerated beams with A/q as large as 132 (132Xe). The AEBL requires a similar RFQ for the post-acceleration of singly-charged unstable nuclides. Our plan is to replace the vanes of this RFQ with a design that incorporates a stronger focusing and that will achieve a higher peak surface eld (16 MV/m) at 82.2-kV inter-vane voltage. The objectives of this project are 1. to conrm the possibility of a low injection energy of 0.4 keV/u which signicantly reduces the voltage required for a high-voltage deck; 2. to test the highest possible peak surface eld on the RFQ electrodes designed for the lowest frequency of 12 MHz compared to existing RFQs worldwide; 3. to provide a technical base for the design of a post-accelerator for the future Advanced Exotic Beam Facility. At the present time, the design is complete, and the fabrication of the 12 MHz RFQ is scheduled to commence in October 2007 with testing planned in 2008. The physics and engineering design of the RFQ is discussed.
Maternal transmission effects of the PAX genes among cleft case–parent trios from four populations
Sull, Jae Woong,Liang, Kung-Yee,Hetmanski, Jacqueline B,Fallin, Margaret Daniele,Ingersoll, Roxanne G,Park, Jiwan,Wu-Chou, Yah-Huei,Chen, Philip K,Chong, Samuel S,Cheah, Felicia,Yeow, Vincent,Park, Be Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 European journal of human genetics Vol.17 No.6
Isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is among the most common human birth defects, with a prevalence of 1 in 700 live births. The paired box (PAX) genes have been suggested as candidate genes for CL/P based largely on mouse models; however, few human studies have focused on this gene family. This study tests for association between markers in four PAX genes and CL/P using a case-parent trio design considering parent-of-origin effects. Trios from four populations (76 from Maryland, 146 from Taiwan, 35 from Singapore, and 40 from Korea) were genotyped for 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PAX3, PAX6, PAX7, and PAX9 genes. We performed the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) on individual SNPs. Parent-of-origin effects were assessed using the transmission asymmetry test (TAT) and the parent-of-origin likelihood ratio test (PO-LRT). TDT analysis showed one SNP (rs766325) in PAX7 yielding evidence of linkage and association when parent-of-origin was not considered, with an OR(transmission)=1.62 (P=0.003), and five SNPs in PAX6 (including two pairs in near perfect linkage disequilibrium). TAT analysis of all trios revealed two SNPs in PAX7 and four SNPs in PAX3 showing significant excess maternal transmission. For these six SNPs, the maternal OR(transmission) ranged between 1.74 and 2.40, and PO-LRT was also significant (P-values=0.035–0.012). When this analysis was limited to trios with male cases, SNPs in PAX7 showed higher maternal OR(transmission) and greater significance. PAX genes may influence the risk of CL/P through maternal effects, possibly imprinting, which seems to be stronger among male cases.European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 831–839; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.250; published online 14 January 2009
Association between IRF6 and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in four populations
Park, Ji Wan,McIntosh, Iain,Hetmanski, Jacqueline B,Jabs, Ethylin Wang,Kolk, Craig A Vander,Wu-Chou, Yah-Huei,Chen, Philip K,Chong, Samuel S,Yeow, Vincent,Jee, Sun Ha,Park, Beyoung Yun,Fallin, M Danie Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2007 Genetics in medicine Vol.9 No.4