Electrospun Drug-Loaded PVA/Chitosan Nanofiber Membranes for Biomedical Application

Faizan E Mustaga,Shichen Li,Bong-Kee Lee(이봉기) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

Study of Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Matrix Composites Containing Graphene Nanoplatelets

Faizan S. Awan,Mohsin A. Fakhar,Laraib A. Khan,Tayyab Subhani 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.3

Two-dimensional functionalized graphene nanoplatelets were incorporated in carbon fiber epoxy matrixcomposites to prepare a novel class of hierarchical composites. The nanoplatelets were coated on the surface of fibers by electrophoretic deposition prior to the preparation of composites. Later the nanoplatelet-deposited fibers were impregnated with epoxy resin by a combination of hand layup and vacuum bagging process. The composites were characterized microstructurally by spectroscopy, and optical and electron microscopy. The mechanical characterization was performed by flexural and interlaminar shear tests. It was observed that nanoplatelets possessed different functional groups responsible for making interactions with epoxy and carbon fibers. The flexural strength of composites increased by ~41 %, flexural modulus by ~26 % while interlaminar shear strength increased by ~24 %. The observation of the fractured surfaces of composites provided qualitative evidences of the improved interfacial adhesion. The enhancement in the properties is attributed to hydrogen bonding and mechanical interlocking of nanoplatelets with carbon fibers and epoxy resin. Electron microscopy revealed the retention of nanoplatelets on carbon fibers after manufacturing the composites. Such hierarchical composites are ideal candidate materials for improved through-thickness properties especially for futuristic aerospace structural applications.

Poster Session : PS 0863 ; Lower GI Tract : Tolerance of Colonoscopy & Questioning Its Utility in the Elderly

( Faizan Rathore ),( Naveed Sultan ),( Humphrey O Connor ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

This study was carried out from Jan ‘12-Dec ‘12 to assess current practice in Kerry General Hospital against the age related indicators for colonoscopies. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of colonoscopies performed at KGH from Jan ‘12-Dec’12. Data was divided 4 age groups, Results: A total of 1474 colonoscopies were performed,1177(79.9%) diagnostic and 297 (20.1%) therapeutic, patients were divided into 4 age groups under 75, 75-80, 81-85, 86+. The trend analysis revealed an increase in diagnostic colonoscopies and decrease in therapeutic colonoscopies with age. 664(45.04%) of colonoscopies were reported normal, 1330 (90.2%) of colonoscopies occurred without any complications, Main complications were patient discomfort being the highest, present in 112(7.6%) of patients, and lowest being urticaria around the IV site present in 1 (0.1%) of the cases. Patient discomfort was higher in younger patients as evidenced by 98 cases aged 86. Highest percentage of poor tolerance was found in 14 (1.1%) of total patients 86. Conclusion: We have established the safety of colonoscopy, low rate of complications and a better tolerance in the elderly from this study, however, its utility, especially in presence of other co morbidities in elderly is questionable. Our recommendation suggests that age alone should not be a contraindication to colonoscopy but in presence of co morbidities a multidisciplinary team should be set up that could decide whether to proceed with the colonoscopy or otherwise, based on the risk/benefit ratio.

Incidence of Pinhole Type Durotomy and Subsequent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Following Simple Laminectomy

Faizan Imran Bawany,Muhammad Emaduddin,Manzar Shahid,Mehwish Hussain,Mohammad Yousuful Islam,Muhammad Shahzeb Khan 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.4

Study Design: Cross sectional study. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and the associated risk factors of pinhole type of durotomy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage following a simple laminectomy for spinal stenosis. Overview of Literature: The incidence of spinal stenosis is expected to rise with increasing life expectancy. Moreover, lumbar spinal stenosis is the most common indication for spinal injury in the geriatric population. It is therefore important to identify and prevent the risks associated with laminectomy, the most widely used surgical procedure for spinal stenosis. The serious complication of incidental dural tear or durotomy and subsequent CSF leakage has not been studied in the region of Southeast Asia. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we included 138 adult patients (age>18 years), who underwent a simple laminectomy for lumbar stenosis between 2011 and 2012. CSF leakage was the main outcome variable. Patients’ wounds were examined for CSF leakage up to 1 week postoperatively. Results: The incidence of pinhole type durotomy and subsequent CSF leakage in our region was 8.7%. Univariate analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes and smoking were significantly associated with durotomy and increased CSF leakage by 16.72, 44.25, and 33.71 times, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only smoking and diabetes significantly increased the chances of leakage. Conclusions: Glycemic control and cessation of smoking prior to a simple laminectomy procedure reduced the incidence of a dural tear. Larger clinical studies on this lethal complication are required.

Fucntional and Radiological Outcome of Surgical Management of Acetabular Fractures in Tertiary Care Hospital

( Faizan Iqbal ),( Intikhab Taufiq ),( Muhammad Kazim Raheem Najjad ),( Naveed Khan ),( Osama Bin Zia ) 대한고관절학회 2016 Hip and Pelvis Vol.28 No.4

Purpose: Acetabular fractures are mainly caused by trauma and the incidence is rising in developing countries. Initially these fractures were managed conservatively, due to lack of specialized and dedicated acetabulum surgery centres. Our aim is to study the radiological and functional outcomes of surgical management of acetabular fractures in tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Total 50 patients were enrolled. The patients with acetabular fractures were enrolled between the years 2012 to 2014. Patients were evaluated clinically with Harris hip score (HHS) and radiologically with Matta outcome grading. The factors examined include age, gender, fracture pattern, time between injury and surgery, initial displacement and quality of reduction on the final outcome. Results: There were 34 males and 16 females. Mean age was 44.20±11.65 years while mean duration of stay was 9.28±2.36 days. Duration of follow-up was 24 months. Most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident (n=37, 74.0%). Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures were performed using reconstruction plates. Mean HHS at 24 months was 82.36±8.55. The clinical outcome was acceptable (excellent or good) in 35 (70.0%) cases and not acceptable (fair or poor) in 15 (30.0%) cases. The radiological outcome was anatomical in 39 (78.0%) cases, congruent in 5 (10.0%) cases, incongruent in 6 (12.0%) cases. Conclusion: Study results indicated that mechanism of injury, time between injury and surgery, initial degree of displacement and quality of reduction had significant effect on functional as well as radiological outcome.

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI with Dynamic Fusion of Handcrafted Features and Global Pathway-based Deep Learning

Faizan Ullah,Muhammad Nadeem,Mohammad Abrar 한국인터넷정보학회 2024 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.18 No.1

Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumor and cause the most deaths. Manual brain tumor segmentation is expensive, time-consuming, error-prone, and dependent on the radiologist's expertise and experience. Manual brain tumor segmentation outcomes by different radiologists for the same patient may differ. Thus, more robust, and dependable methods are needed. Medical imaging researchers produced numerous semi-automatic and fully automatic brain tumor segmentation algorithms using ML pipelines and accurate (handcrafted feature-based, etc.) or data-driven strategies. Current methods use CNN or handmade features such symmetry analysis, alignment-based features analysis, or textural qualities. CNN approaches provide unsupervised features, while manual features model domain knowledge. Cascaded algorithms may outperform feature-based or data-driven like CNN methods. A revolutionary cascaded strategy is presented that intelligently supplies CNN with past information from handmade feature-based ML algorithms. Each patient receives manual ground truth and four MRI modalities (T1, T1c, T2, and FLAIR). Handcrafted characteristics and deep learning are used to segment brain tumors in a Global Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN). The proposed GCNN architecture with two parallel CNNs, CSPathways CNN (CSPCNN) and MRI Pathways CNN (MRIPCNN), segmented BraTS brain tumors with high accuracy. The proposed model achieved a Dice score of 87% higher than the state of the art. This research could improve brain tumor segmentation, helping clinicians diagnose and treat patients.

The Unusual Cause of Prosthetic Joint Infection: Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Treatment Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Faizan Iqbal,Syed Shahid Noor,Kazim Rahim Najjad,Sadia Ishaque,Nouman Memon,Sheh Zano 대한정형외과학회 2022 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.14 No.4

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). NTM causes a variety of infections, mainly divided into pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. In Pakistan, there was a 7.7-fold increase in NTM infections from 21 cases in 2012 to 163 cases in 2018. An earlier study evaluating the distribution of NTM species across Pakistan suggested geographical variation across different regions, every area having its own distribution spectrum. There are no data available especially in developing countries such as Pakistan regarding PJI due to NTM following primary TKA. The purpose of our study was to determine treatment outcomes of two-stage revision surgery following NTM infection. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients who underwent TKA between June 2008 and December 2018 were included in the study. NTM was defined as the presence of traditional criteria for diagnosing PJI plus growth of NTM cultured from a joint aspirate or deep periprosthetic tissue specimen using Löwenstein-Jensen medium and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube medium. All patients were female with a mean age of 62.8 ± 7.9 years. The mean body mass index was 25.6 ± 2.8 kg/m². Treatment outcomes were categorized into favorable and unfavorable. Results: We found rapid-growing mycobacterium in 6 patients whereas slow-growing mycobacterium was found in 2 patients only. Generally, clarithromycin was the standard antibiotic used in all cases of NTM infections. All patients underwent revision surgery. Conclusions: Meticulous surgical debridement and prolonged antibiotic treatment course were the only hope of cure to combat the unusual cause of PJI following primary TKA.

Economic Burden of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Primary Total Knee Replacement in a Developing Country

Faizan Iqbal,Bilal Shafiq,Syed Shahid Noor,Zulfiqar Ali,Nouman Memon,Naveed Memon 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.4

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection is one of the devastating complications after primary total knee arthroplasty, which increases the financial burden on patients and affects their quality of life as well. The financial burden of periprosthetic joint infection after joint replacement in developed countries is well known. There is a need to evaluate the economic burden in developing countries such as Pakistan. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, case-control study conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Cases of primary total knee arthroplasty performed during this study were divided into 2 groups: uneventful primary total knee arthroplasty and periprosthetic joint infection treated with 2-stage revision. To calculate the final cost, we divided the total hospital cost into the hospital stay cost and operating room cost. Results: During study period, 32 patients were diagnosed with periprosthetic joint infection. The total cost of revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infection considering 2 hospitalizations was 1,780,222 ± 313,686 Pakistani rupee (PKR). The total cost of uneventful arthroplasty was 390,172 ± 51,460 PKR. We observed significant difference with respect to economic details between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Management of periprosthetic joint infection was 4.5 times more expensive than uneventful primary total knee arthroplasty. Measures should be undertaken to reduce the prevalence of periprosthetic joint infection, thereby reducing patients’ economic burden.

ITERATIVE ALGORITHM FOR RANDOM GENERALIZED NONLINEAR MIXED VARIATIONAL INCLUSIONS WITH RANDOM FUZZY MAPPINGS

Faizan Ahmad Khan,Eid Musallam Aljohani,Javid Ali 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.27 No.4

In this paper, we consider a class of random generalized nonlinear mixed variational inclusions with random fuzzy mappings and random relaxed cocoercive mappings inreal Hilbert spaces. We suggest and analyze an iterative algorithm for finding the approximate solution of this class of inclusions. Further, we discuss the convergence analysis ofthe iterative algorithm under some appropriate conditions. Our results can be viewed as a refinement and improvement of some known results in the literature.

Inclusive Design Assesment in State Park Buildings - Case Studies in Michigan -

Faizan, Rabia(라비아 페이잔),Kim, Suk-Kyung(김석경) 한국실내디자인학회 2019 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.3

State parks in the U.S. provide recreation and relaxation opportunities to people of all age and abilities. This makes it important that needs of diverse visitors of these parks are known and incorporated in the design of these parks and supportive facilities to ensure a wholesome experience. In addition the accessibility to the buildings, recent studies introduced “inclusive design” principles to the design field. The inclusiveness encompasses building accessibility, technology, and the signage system. Using the inclusive design approach, this study aimed to assess state park buildings’ inclusive design characteristics. This study targeted six buildings in three state parks in Michigan in the United States. As the first step for the assessment, an integrated inclusive design assessment tool was developed. After the tool was validated, researchers visited six buildings and conducted comprehensive assessments using the tool. The result showed that some of them met the accessibility but did not meet inclusiveness. Other did not meet even accessibility. We concluded that the park buildings, as the major destination for many different types of visitors, should be improved to achieve the inclusive design goal in the future.