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Günter Theiβen,Annette Becker,Jorge Cacharron,Wim Deleu,Alexandra Di Rosa,Wolfram Faigl,Akira Kanno,Jan T. Kim,Charlotte Kirchner,Zheng Meng,Thomas Munster,Sunsane Werth,Luzie Ursula Wingen,Kai-U Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 1998 Proceedings the 2nd Korean-Germany joint symposium Vol.1998 No.-
MADS-box genes (Schwarz-Sommer et al. 1990) contribute significantly to the development of inflorescences and flowers, e.g. by acting as floral meristem or organ identity genes (for recent reviews, see Thei?en and Saedler 1995; Thei?en et al. 1996;Riechmann and Meyerowitz 1997). Up to now, MADS-box genes have mainly been studied in the scientific context of developmental biology, and in eudicotyledonous model plants of little commercial value, such as Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis. The focus of our group is to apply our current knowledge about flower development to breeding research and evolutionary biology. Therefore, we are currently characterizing the MADS-box gene family in the important monocotyledonous crop plant maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), and in other phylogenetic informative taxa, such as the monocots lily (Lilium regale) and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana), the basal angiosperm Cabomba, and non-flowering plnats including the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon and the ferns Ceratopteris and Ophioglossum.
Engrailed protects mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons against mitochondrial complex I insults
Alvarez-Fischer, Daniel,Fuchs, Julia,Castagner, Fran챌ois,Stettler, Olivier,Massiani-Beaudoin, Olivia,Moya, Kenneth L,Bouillot, Colette,Oertel, Wolfgang H,Lomb챔s, Anne,Faigle, Wolfgang,Joshi, Rajiv L,H Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.10
Mice heterozygous for the homeobox gene Engrailed-1 (En1) display progressive loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. We report that exogenous Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2 (collectively Engrailed) protect mDA neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a mitochondrial complex I toxin used to model Parkinson's disease in animals. Engrailed enhances the translation of nuclearly encoded mRNAs for two key complex I subunits, Ndufs1 and Ndufs3, and increases complex I activity. Accordingly, in vivo protection against MPTP by Engrailed is antagonized by Ndufs1 small interfering RNA. An association between Engrailed and complex I is further confirmed by the reduced expression of Ndufs1 and Ndufs3 in the substantia nigra pars compacta of En1 heterozygous mice. Engrailed also confers in vivo protection against 6-hydroxydopamine and 慣-synuclein-A30P. Finally, the unilateral infusion of Engrailed into the midbrain increases striatal dopamine content, resulting in contralateral amphetamine-induced turning. Therefore, Engrailed is both a survival factor for adult mDA neurons and a regulator of their physiological activity.