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The DPRK`s: Cautious Transition, Venture Diplomacy and Modernization without Reform
( Paulo Fagundes Visentini ),( Analucia Danilevicz Pereira ) 연세대학교 통일연구원 2015 통일연구 Vol.19 No.2
북한은 최근 이례적으로 젊은 지도자로의 승계를 진행했고, 많은 분석가들에 따르면 그러한 사실은 변화의 부족과 정권의 고갈상태를 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 북한 내부의 권력 투쟁과 국제적 군사위기는 연속성을 나타내는 반면, 내부 관찰과 깊이 있는 분석은 중요한 변화의 시작이 감지되고 있음을 말해준다. 이러한 변화의 확립은 방어 전략의 쇄신을 촉진시키는 한편, 경제적 발전을 매개자로 정의하면서 북한을 관련 행위자로 재배치한다. 하지만 과정에 있어서 근대화는 모험적인 외교를 따르고, 정권의 본질은 그대로 유지하면서 개혁의 아이디어를 버린다는 것을 암시한다. North Korea has recently undergone a succession, with an exceptionally young leader, a fact that represents a lack of change and the depletion of the regime, according to many analysts. While the struggles for domestic power and the international military crises seem to signal a continuity, internal observation and a deeper analysis show that some important transformations have been launched. The establishment boosts the refurbishment of the defense, whilst relocates the Party as a relevant actor, defining economic development as a vector. However, the modernization in course follows the same venture diplomacy and suggests the discard of the idea of reform, maintaining the essence of the regime.
Andrea Fagundes Campello,Lucio Souza Gonçalves,Fábio Ribeiro Guedes,Fábio Vidal Marques 대한영상치의학회 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of previously trained endodontists in the detection of artificially created periapical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography (DPR). Materials and Methods: An ex vivo model using dry skulls was used, in which simulated apical lesions were created and then progressively enlarged using #1/2, #2, #4, and #6 round burs. A total of 11 teeth were included in the study, and 110 images were obtained with CBCT and with an intraoral digital periapical radiographic sensor (Instrumentarium dental, Tuusula, Finland) initially and after each bur was used. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated. All images were evaluated by 10 previously trained, certified endodontists. Agreement was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The accuracy of each method in detecting apical lesions was calculated using the chi-square test. Results: The kappa coefficient between examiners showed low agreement (range, 0.17-0.64). No statistical difference was found between CBCT and DPR in teeth without apical lesions (P=.15). The accuracy for CBCT was significantly higher than for DPR in all corresponding simulated lesions (P<.001). The correct diagnostic rate for CBCT ranged between 56.9% and 73.6%. The greatest difference between CBCT and DPR was seen in the maxillary teeth (CBCT, 71.4%; DPR, 28.6%; P<.01) and multi-rooted teeth (CBCT, 83.3%; DPR, 33.3%; P<.01). Conclusion: CBCT allowed higher accuracy than DPR in detecting simulated lesions for all simulated lesions tested. Endodontists need to be properly trained in interpreting CBCT scans to achieve higher diagnostic accuracy.
Campello, Andrea Fagundes,Goncalves, Lucio Souza,Guedes, Fabio Ribeiro,Marques, Fabio Vidal Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of previously trained endodontists in the detection of artificially created periapical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography (DPR). Materials and Methods: An ex vivo model using dry skulls was used, in which simulated apical lesions were created and then progressively enlarged using #1/2, #2, #4, and #6 round burs. A total of 11 teeth were included in the study, and 110 images were obtained with CBCT and with an intraoral digital periapical radiographic sensor (Instrumentarium dental, Tuusula, Finland) initially and after each bur was used. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated. All images were evaluated by 10 previously trained, certified endodontists. Agreement was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The accuracy of each method in detecting apical lesions was calculated using the chisquare test. Results: The kappa coefficient between examiners showed low agreement (range, 0.17-0.64). No statistical difference was found between CBCT and DPR in teeth without apical lesions (P=.15). The accuracy for CBCT was significantly higher than for DPR in all corresponding simulated lesions(P<.001). The correct diagnostic rate for CBCT ranged between 56.9% and 73.6%. The greatest difference between CBCT and DPR was seen in the maxillary teeth (CBCT, 71.4%; DPR, 28.6%; P<.01) and multi-rooted teeth (CBCT, 83.3%; DPR, 33.3%; P<.01). Conclusion: CBCT allowed higher accuracy than DPR in detecting simulated lesions for all simulated lesions tested. Endodontists need to be properly trained in interpreting CBCT scans to achieve higher diagnostic accuracy.
Antinociceptive Action and Redox Properties of Citronellal, an Essential Oil Present in Lemongrass
Lucindo Quintans-Júnior,Ricardo Fagundes da Rocha,Fernanda Freitas Caregnato,José Claudio Fonseca Moreira,Francilene Amaral da Silva,Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo,João Paulo Almeida dos Santos,Mônic 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6
Citronellal (CT) is a monoterpenoid and the major constituent of the mixture of terpenoids that give the citronella oil its lemon scent. Citronella oil is widely used around the world for various purposes and is mainly obtained from plants of the Cymbopogon genus, which are known as “lemongrass.” Considering these plants have been used worldwide for various medicinal purposes, the interest of researchers to understand the biological activities of monoterpenoids related to the Cymbopogon genus has been increasing. In the present work, we investigated the antinociceptive action and the redox properties of CT. Our results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of CT was effective in reducing nociceptive face-rubbing behavior in both phases of the formalin test, which was also naloxone-sensitive. CT also evoked antinociceptive response in the capsaicin and glutamate tests. The total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter and total antioxidant reactivity assays indicate that CT at doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL exerts a significant antioxidant activity, which is probably related to its ability to scavenge superoxide and nitric oxide, but not H_2O_2 or hydroxyl radicals, as evaluated separately by specific in vitro tests. These results show for the first time the antinociceptive potential of CT and indicate that the antioxidant properties of this compound may rely on its mechanism of biological actions because CT-containing natural products are used to treat various diseases related to oxidative stress and reactive species.
Santander Lucas,Machado Nicolle Rakanidis,Fagundes Beatriz Oliveira,Victor Jefferson Russo 대한백신학회 2024 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.13 No.1
Since the 1950s decade, it has been suggested that a naturally produced or induced repertoire of immunoglobulin G (IgG) idiotypes may exert some immunoregulatory functions. In the last decades, some more advanced theories have suggested that the repertoire of IgG idiotypes may influence the development or control of some atopic diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), some evidence indicated that the IgG repertoire obtained from these patients could effectively mediate regulatory functions on thymic and peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, some recent clinical trials have corroborated the hypothesis that IgG from AD patients can exert regulatory functions in vivo. Here, we revised some historical aspects that yield current approaches developed in vitro and in vivo to elucidate a recently proposed theory termed “hooks without bait” that can strengthen the broad spectrum of research about evaluating different sets of IgG idiotypes and determine their immunological effects.
Camila Saran da Silva,Camila Ribeiro de Arruda Monteiro,Guilherme Henrique Fagundes da Silva,Roseli Oselka Sacardo Sarni,Fabiola Isabel Suano Souza,David Feder,Marcia Cristina Fernandes Messias,Patrıc 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.3
Childhood obesity is a medical condition of major public health concern. Chia seeds are used to treat certain noncommunicable diseases, and they are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to the absorption of vitamins. A randomized double-blind clinical trial of 30 obese children was performed. The sample was composed of prepubertal 5- to 10-year-old children of both sexes with body mass indexes equal to or above the 95th percentile who were recruited through the Pediatric Department of the Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. Blood samples were drawn, the children were weighed and measured, and a 24-h dietary recall was obtained before and after the treatment. Not only were significant differences observed for fibrinogen (P = .011) but a correlation between the changes in markers and the presence of fibers was also observed for two inflammatory parameters: tumor necrosis factor-α (P = .027) and nuclear factor-κβ (P = .059). These results indicate that chia seeds may have anti-inflammatory effects related to their fiber content in the context of childhood obesity.
Brito Giovani G.,Concenço Germani,Costa Vladimir E.,Fagundes Paulo Ricardo R.,da Silva-Filho João Luis,Parfitt José Maria B.,Magalhães Ariano,Silva Giovana T.,Jardim Thaís M.,Luccas Nathália Furtado,S 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1
Phenotyping is the major bottleneck in the efort to develop varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) suitable for growing under a water-saving irrigation management, such as alternate wetting and drying irrigation techniques (AWD). To analyze if the genotypic variability for carbon isotope discrimination (CID) in rice leaves could be used as a relatively high-throughput tracer to early select superior genotypes highlighting improved root architecture traits when submitted to AWD, a set of twenty varieties grown under semi-natural conditions were submitted to two water irrigation regimes, continuous fooding (CF) and AWD cycles. Coefcients of genetic variance (π2g) obtained for root architecture, micro-morphological and physiological traits were signifcant for all of them regardless of the adopted irrigation system, except to mean root diameter. The three signifcant principal components (PCs) with eigenvalue>1, explain most of the total variation across cycles and water regimes. For most of analyzed traits, the values of heritability coefcients were higher regardless of adopted irrigation management and trait category; for CID, the magnitudes of broad heritability at an individual level (greater than 0.80) were similar in the two irrigation techniques, evidencing that the success of the selection is independent of irrigation management. The higher CID values after three AWD cycles are associated with varieties with higher total root length and volume. To our knowledge, this is the frst study demonstrating the potential application of CID as a tracer to select root architecture traits in rice when water-saving irrigation management is of concern
Thiago S Charret,Mariana T. M. Pereira,Vinicius D. B. Pascoal,Iscia Lopes-Cendes,Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.9
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. About one-third of people with epilepsy are refractory to available treatments. Studies suggest that mechanisms linked to the immune response and inflammatory process are related to seizure disorders. Citral is a monoterpene found in the essential oil of several plants, as in Cymbopogon citratus, used to make teas and has been the subject of numerous researches, from which it has been possible to demonstrate antiseizure and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the effects of citral on status epilepticus (SE) induced by the lithium–pilocarpine model in rats were investigated. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) evaluated latency for seizure development, neuronal death in the hippocampus, and expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β ( IL-1β) and factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) genes. The results revealed that citral was able to increase latency until the first seizure, decrease neuronal death 2 h after SE and inhibit overexpression of proinflammatory genes.
Vitamin A Supplementation for Different Periods Alters Oxidative Parameters in Lungs of Rats
Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali,Daniel Pens Gelain,Marcos Roberto de Oliveira,Guilherme Antônio Behr,Leonardo Lisbôa da Motta,Ricardo Fagundes da Rocha,Fábio Klamt,José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6
Lungs require an adequate supply of vitamin A (retinol) for normal embryonic development, postnatal maturation, and maintenance and repair during adult life. However, recent intervention studies revealed that supplementation with retinoids resulted in higher incidence of lung cancer, although the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unknown. Here, we studied the effect of vitamin A supplementation on oxidative stress parameters in lungs of Wistar rats. Vitamin A supplementation at either therapeutic (1,000 and 2,500IU/kg) or excessive (4,500 and 9,000IU/kg) doses for 3, 7, or 28 days induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidation of protein thiol groups, as well as change in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. Together, these results suggest that vitamin A supplementation causes significant changes in redox balance, which are frequently associated with severe lung dysfunction.