Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, <i>Grapholita molesta</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Knight, A.L.,Barros-Parada, W.,Bosch, D.,Escudero-Colomar, L.A.,Fuentes-Contreras, E.,Herná,ndez-Sá,nchez, J.,Yung, C.,Kim, Y.,Kovanci, O.B.,Levi, A.,Lo, P.,Molinari, F.,Valls, J.,Gemeno, Cambridge University Press 2015 Bulletin of entomological research Vol.105 No.1

<B>Abstract</B><P>The response of <I>Grapholita molesta</I> (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (<I>Z</I>)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (<I>Z</I>)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (<I>E</I>)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% <I>E</I>-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% <I>E</I>-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% <I>E</I>-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% <I>E-</I>blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% <I>E-</I>blend, and the 30.4>100.1% <I>E-</I>blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% <I>E</I>-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive <I>E-</I>blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.</P>

The SAURON project – XIX. Optical and near‐infrared scaling relations of nearby elliptical, lenticular and Sa galaxies

Falcó,n‐,Barroso, J.,van de Ven, G.,Peletier, R. F.,Bureau, M.,Jeong, H.,Bacon, R.,Cappellari, M.,Davies, R. L.,de Zeeuw, P. T.,Emsellem, E.,Krajnović,, D.,Kuntschner, H.,McDermid, R. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.417 No.3

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We present ground‐based MDM Observatory <I>V</I>‐band and <I>Spitzer</I>/InfraRed Array Camera 3.6‐<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_19372_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/>m‐band photometric observations of the 72 representative galaxies of the SAURON survey. Galaxies in our sample probe the elliptical E, lenticular S0 and spiral Sa populations in the nearby Universe, both in field and cluster environments. We perform aperture photometry to derive homogeneous structural quantities. In combination with the SAURON stellar velocity dispersion measured within an effective radius (σ<SUB>e</SUB>), this allows us to explore the location of our galaxies in the colour–magnitude, colour–σ<SUB>e</SUB>, Kormendy, Faber–Jackson and Fundamental Plane scaling relations. We investigate the dependence of these relations on our recent kinematical classification of early‐type galaxies (i.e. slow/fast rotators) and the stellar populations. Slow rotator and fast rotator E/S0 galaxies do not populate distinct locations in the scaling relations, although slow rotators display a smaller intrinsic scatter. We find that Sa galaxies deviate from the colour–magnitude and colour–σ<SUB>e</SUB> relations due to the presence of dust, while the E/S0 galaxies define tight relations. Surprisingly, extremely young objects do not display the bluest (<I>V</I>−[3.6]) colours in our sample, as is usually the case in optical colours. This can be understood in the context of the large contribution of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars to the infrared, even for young populations, resulting in a very tight (<I>V</I>−[3.6])–σ<SUB>e</SUB> relation that in turn allows us to define a strong correlation between metallicity and σ<SUB>e</SUB>. Many Sa galaxies appear to follow the Fundamental Plane defined by E/S0 galaxies. Galaxies that appear offset from the relations correspond mostly to objects with extremely young populations, with signs of ongoing, extended star formation. We correct for this effect in the Fundamental Plane, by replacing luminosity with stellar mass using an estimate of the stellar mass‐to‐light ratio, so that all galaxies are part of a tight, single relation. The new estimated coefficients are consistent in both photometric bands and suggest that differences in stellar populations account for about half of the observed tilt with respect to the virial prediction. After these corrections, the slow rotator family shows almost no intrinsic scatter around the best‐fitting Fundamental Plane. The use of a velocity dispersion within a small aperture (e.g. <I>R</I><SUB>e</SUB>/8) in the Fundamental Plane results in an increase of around 15 per cent in the intrinsic scatter and an average 10 per cent decrease in the tilt away from the virial relation.</P>

A novel barium oxide-based Iraqi sand glass to attenuate the low gamma-ray energies: Fabrication, mechanical, and radiation protection capacity evaluation

Al-Saeedi F.H.F.,Sayyed M.I.,Kapustin F.L.,Al-Ghamdi Hanan,Kolobkova E.V.,Tashlykov O.L.,Almuqrin Aljawhara H.,Mahmoud K.A. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.8

In the present work, untreated Iraqi sand with grain sizes varied between 100 and 200 mm was used to produce a colored glass sample that has shielding features against the low gamma-ray energy. Therefore, a weight of 70e60 wt % sand was mixed with 9e14 wt% B2O3, 8e10 wt% Na2O, 4e6 wt% of CaO, 3e6 wt% Al2O3, in addition to 0.3% of Co2O3. After melting and annealing the glass sample, the X-ray diffraction spectrometry was applied to affirm the amorphous phase of the fabricated glass samples. Moreover, the X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry was used to measure the chemical composition, and the MH-300A densimeter was applied to measure the fabricated sample's density. The Makishima-Makinzie model was applied to predict the mechanical properties of the fabricated glass. Besides, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the fabricated glass sample's radiation shielding capacity in the low-energy region between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Therefore, the simulated linear attenuation coefficient changed between 10.725 and 0.484 cm1 , raising the gamma-ray energy between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Also, other shielding parameters such as a half-value layer, pure lead equivalent thickness, and buildup factors were calculated

Advanced polymeric materials: Synthesis and analytical application of ion imprinted polymers as selective sorbents for solid phase extraction of metal ions

Shakerian, F.,Kim, K.H.,Kwon, E.,Szulejko, J.E.,Kumar, P.,Dadfarnia, S.,Haji Shabani, A.M. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.83 No.2

<P>Over the past several decades, much progress has been made in the development of ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) with the aid of novel types of tailored polymeric materials (e.g., nanomaterials and hybrid materials). Because of such efforts, IIPs are now widely employed as advanced analytical tools in a variety of sectors (e.g., as sorbents for solid phase extraction of metal ions). Recently, due to the advancement of polymeric materials (PMs), an increased number of studies have been made to expand the practical applicability of IIPs. In this review, the basic theories involved in the polymerization methods of IIPs are described along with their synthesis and diverse fields of applications (e.g., solid phase extraction (SPE), sensors, and membrane separators). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

High power supercapacitors using polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber paper

Ra, E.J.,Raymundo-Pinero, E.,Lee, Y.H.,Beguin, F. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 Carbon Vol.47 No.13

Porous carbon nanofiber paper has been obtained by one-step carbonization/activation of PAN-based nanofiber paper at temperatures from 700 to 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C in CO<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere. The paper was used as supercapacitor electrode without any binder or percolator. At low temperature, e.g., =<900<SUP>o</SUP>C, nitrogen enriched carbons with a poorly developed specific surface area (S<SUB>BET</SUB>=<400m<SUP>2</SUP>/g) are obtained. In aqueous electrolytes, these carbons withstand high current loads without a noticeable decrease of capacitance, and the normalized capacitance reaches 67μF/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. At 10s time constant, the values of energy and power densities are 3-4 times higher than for activated carbons (AC) presenting higher specific surface area. By carbonization/activation at 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C, subnanometer pores are developed and S<SUB>BET</SUB>=705m<SUP>2</SUP>/g. Despite moderate BET specific surface area, the capacitance reaches values higher than 100F/g in organic electrolyte. At high power densities, the nanofiber paper obtained at 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C outperforms the energy density retention of ACs in organic electrolyte. The high power capability of the carbon nanofiber papers in the two kinds of electrolytes is attributed both to the high intrinsic conductivity of the fibers and to the high diffusion rate of ions in the opened mesopores.

9.6 GHz and 34 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance studies of chromium-doped forsterite

Budil,David E.,Park, Dong Gon,Burlitch,James M.,Geray, Roland F.,Dieckmann, Rudiger,Freed,Jack H. 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.5

Chromium-doped forsterite single crystals grown under conditions that produce a high Cr4+/Cr3+ ratio were examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at 9.6 and 34 GHz. The crystals were grown in 2-3 atm of oxygen by the floating-zone method starting from polycrystalline chromium-doped forsterite power synthesized via a sol-gel method. Three crystals with chromium concentrations of 110, 300, and 390 ppm were studied. At 34 GHz, transitions are observed for the laser-active tetrahedral Cr4+ species that are not observable at 9.6 GHz, which improve the resolution and accuracy with which the magnetic parameters can be measured by EPR. In addition, peaks for a non-Kramers species appear at 34 GHz that were not observed at 9.6 GHz. These peaks are not analyzed in detail, but are tentatively ascribed to Cr4+ in the octahedral substitution sites of the crystal. At the highest chromium concentration, the Cr3+ spectra show evidence of direct interaction with Cr4+. A global least-squares fit of the combined 9.6 and 34 GHz data for the 300 ppm crystal gives D=64.26 ±0.18 GHz, E=-4.619 ±0.009 GHz, gx=1.955 ±0.009, g3= 2.005±0.040, g2=1.965 ±0.006, and places the magnetic z axis in the ab plane at an angle of 43.8±0.3°from the b crystallographic axis (in Pbnm). A method for accurately measuring the Cr4+/Cr4+ ratio using EPR line intensities is given. The EPR linewidth of the Cr4+ center exhibits a strong orientation dependence that is well-modeled by including site variations in the D and E zero-field splittings and in the orientation of the z magnetic axis. The linewidth analysis reveals a high degree of correlation between the distributions in D and E, and a somewhat weaker correlation between E and the z axis orientation. These results are interpreted to suggest that the tetrahedral Cr4+ sites vary mainly in the degree of compression of the tetrahedral cage along the a crystallographic axis. The Cr4+ EPR linewidths increase significantly at higher chromium concentration, but maintain the same qualitative orientation dependence. The EPR data indicate that the major contribution to inhomogeneity in the tetrahedral site, which may be related to the tunable range of the Cr4+ laser center, is distortion induced by chromium substitution into the crystal lattice rather than direct chromium-chromium interactions.

Solidification of high level waste using magnesium potassium phosphate compound

Sergey E. Vinokurov,Svetlana A. Kulikova,Boris F. Myasoedov 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.3

Compound samples based on the mineral-like magnesium potassium phosphate matrix MgKPO4 6H2Owere synthesized by solidification of high level waste surrogate. Phase composition and structure ofsynthesized samples were studied by XRD and SEM methods. Compressive strength of the compounds is12 ± 3 MPa. Coefficient of thermal expansion of the samples in the range 250e550 C is(11.6 ± 0.3) 10 6 1/ C, and coefficient of thermal conductivity in the range 20e500 С is 0.5 W/(m K). Differential leaching rate of elements from the compound, g/(cm2 day): Mg - 6.7 10 6, K - 3.0 10 4,P - 1.2 10 4, 137Cs - 4.6 10- 7; 90Sr - 9.6 10 7; 239Pu - 3.7 10 9, 241Am - 9.6 10 10. Leachingmechanism of radionuclides from the samples at the first 1e2 weeks of the leaching test is determinedby dissolution (137Cs), wash off (90Sr) or diffusion (239Pu and 241Am) from the compound surface, andwhen the tests continue to 90e91 days - by surface layer depletion of compound. Since the compositionand physico-chemical properties of the compound after irradiation with an electron beam (absorbeddose of 1 MGy) are constant the radiation resistance of compound was established

STELLAR KINEMATICS AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF VIRGO CLUSTER DWARF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES FROM THE SMAKCED PROJECT. II. THE SURVEY AND A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF KINEMATIC ANOMALIES AND ASYMMETRIES

Toloba, E.,Guhathakurta, P.,Peletier, R. F.,Boselli, A.,Lisker, T.,Falcó,n-Barroso, J.,Simon, J. D.,van de Ven, G.,Paudel, S.,Emsellem, E.,Janz, J.,den Brok, M.,Gorgas, J.,Hensler, G.,Laurikaine IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.215 No.2

<P>We present spatially resolved kinematics and global stellar populations and mass-to-light ratios for a sample of 39 dwarf early-type (dE) galaxies in the Virgo cluster studied as part of the SMAKCED stellar absorption-line spectroscopy and imaging survey. This sample is representative of the early-type population in the Virgo cluster in the absolute magnitude range -19.0 < M-r < -16.0 and of all morphological subclasses found in this galaxy population. For each dE, we measure the rotation curve and velocity dispersion profile and fit an analytic function to the rotation curve. We study the significance of the departure of the rotation curve from the best-fit analytic function (poorly fit) and of the difference between the approaching and receding sides of the rotation curve (asymmetry). Our sample includes two dEs with kinematically decoupled cores that have been previously reported. We find that 62 +/- 8% (23 out of the 39) of the dEs have a significant anomaly in their rotation curve. Analysis of the images reveals photometric anomalies for most galaxies. However, there is no clear correlation between the significance of the photometric and kinematic anomalies. We measure age-sensitive (H-beta and H-gamma A) and metallicity sensitive (Fe4668 and Mgb) Lick spectral indices in the LIS-5 angstrom system. This population of galaxies exhibits a wide range of ages and metallicities; we also find that 4 dEs show clear evidence of emission partially filling in the Balmer absorption lines. Finally, we estimate the total masses and dark matter fractions of the dEs and plot them in the mass-size, themass-velocity dispersion, and the fundamental plane scaling relations. The dEs seem to be the bridge between massive early-type galaxies and dSphs, and have a median total mass within the R-e of logM(e) = 9.1 +/- 0.2 and a median dark matter fraction within the R-e of f(DM) = 46 +/- 18%. Any formation model for the dE galaxy class must account for this diversity of kinematic and photometric anomalies and stellar populations.</P>

Ideology, Politics, and Social Science Scholarship on the Responsibility of Intellectuals

Koerner, E.F.K. International Association for Humanistic Studies i 2002 인문언어 Vol.23 No.1

The 1990s have seen the publication of many books devoted to Language and Ideology (cf. Joseph & Taylor 1990. for one of the early ones) even though the term 'ideology' itself has remained ill-defined (Woolard 1998). The focus of attention has usually been placed on the particular use of language and often for some kind of 'political' ends, not on linguistic or other scholarship which might have been driven by some sort of ideology, i.e., a bundle of assumptions which themselves were taken as given. At least since Edward Said's 1978 book Orientalism, it has been clear to everyone that scholars construct their conceptualization of things in line with their understanding of the cultural, social, and political world in which they live, and that this often unreflected 'pre-understanding' effects their view of cultures that are different from theirs and more often than not geographically and temporally distant from theirs. This recognition has had a sobering effect no doubt, and Said's book has long since become 'mainstream.' Much more disturbing to the scholarly profession has been the publication of Martin Bernal's Black Athena in 1987, since it went much further, going beyond accusations of colonialism and cultural bias, in suggesting that the Western representation of Classical Greece over the past two hundred years was false and that what had been accepted until now about occidental antiquity must now be seen derived from African-Asiatic cultures of the Near East, notably that of the Ancient Egyptians, and that no other than Socrates should be seen as black man. While we may understand the intellectual climate in the United States that led academics to present 'myth as history' (Lefkowitz 1996), it is obvious that lines of regular scholarly principles of investigation have been crossed (cf Lefkowitz & Rogers 1996). The present paper investigates what may be seen as the ideological underpinnings of such work. After reviewing some recent scholarship in the area of linguistic historiography that have shown that academic work has never been 'value-neutral' (as may have been assumed or has been claimed by some practitioners), it is argued that in effect one must be aware of what Clemens Knobloch has recently termed Resonanzbedarf, i.e., the desire, whether conscious or not, of scholars-and probably scientists, too-to have their work recognized by the educated public and that, in so doing, their discourses tend to pick up on contemporary popular notions. These efforts may be harmless if everyone was to recognize these allusions and adoption of certain lexical. items(buzz words) as props or what Germans call Versatzstiicke, but history tells us that this has not always been the case. Still, as Hutton (1999) has shown, not all scholarship during the Third Reich for example can simply be dismissed as worthless because it was conducted in under a prevailing political ideology. Indeed, in seemingly innocent times, linguists can be shown to frame their argument in a way that makes them appear so utterly superior to their predecessors (cf. Lawson 2001). Upon closer inspection, those discourses turn out to be much like those of scholars in nationalistic environments that have tended to select their 'facts' to prove a particular hypothesis (cf., e.g., Koerner 2001). The article argues for scholars to take a more active role in exploding myths, scientifically unfounded claims, and ideologically driven distortions, especially those that are socially and politically harmful.

Effects of Three Feeding Systems on Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Digesta Particle Structure of Beef Cattle

Liu, Y.F.,Sun, F.F.,Wan, F.C.,Zhao, H.B.,Liu, X.M.,You, W.,Cheng, H.J.,Liu, G.F.,Tan, X.W.,Song, E.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5

The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight ($575{\pm}10kg$) in a 80-d experiment. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1 group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). Consumption per kg weight gain of concentrate, silage, and combined net energy (NEmf) were significantly decreased when cattle received TMR, unlike when they received SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05), indicating that the feed efficiency of TMR was the highest. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased when cattle received TMR compared with that in cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference compared with that in cattle receiving SI2. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). The rumen area of cattle that received TMR was significantly larger than that of cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), but there was no difference compared with that of cattle receiving SI2. Although there was no significant difference among the three feeding systems in rumen digesta particle distribution, the TMR group trended to have fewer large- and medium-sized particles and more small-sized particles than those in the SI1 and SI2 groups. In conclusion, cattle with dietary TMR showed increased weight gain and ruminal development and decreased BUN. This indicated that TMR feeding was more conducive toward improving the production performance and rumen fermentation of beef cattle.