Distribution and Potential Toxicological Effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) as a Endocrine Disrupting Chemical in Human and Animals

Jung, Eui-Man,Yang, Hyun,An, Beum-Soo,Lee, Geun-Shik,Hyun, Sang-Hwan,Choi, Kyung-Chul,Jeung, Eui-Bae 韓國受精卵移植學會 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of "brominated" (bromine containing) man-made chemicals used as flame retardant additives in plastics, foams, and textiles. PBDEs are found in various environmental contaminants in air, soil, sediment, and water, and 209 individual forms (congeners) of PBDE exist. Among these, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the dominant congener found in the environment. Exposure to BDE-47 is now worldwide, and levels of BDE-47 have been detected in the blood of animals, including humans. BDE-47 can adversely affect the developmental system in both humans and animals. BDEs have structural similarities to polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid hormones. However, recent studies have shown that BDEs may act as hormonal disrupting chemicals with detrimental effects. Therefore, a reliable assessment of BDE-47 toxicological action is required to understand the detrimental impacts of BDE-47 on human health. In this review, we overview recent studies on the distribution and potential toxicological effects of BDE-47 in humans and animals.

2011 대구세계육상선수권대회 남자 높이뛰기 메달리스트들의 바이오메카닉스적 특성 분석

김의환 ( Eui Hwan Kim ),배영상 ( Young Sang Bae ),김성섭 ( Sung Sup Kim ),권문석 ( Moon Seok Kwon ),위웅량 ( Ung Ryang Wo ),김기만 ( Ki Man Kim ),이정민 ( Jeong Min Lee ) 한국운동역학회 2011 한국운동역학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study was to perform a kinematic analysis of the high jump techniques of the three men`s medalists at the 2011 IAAF Championships in Daegu (August 27-September 4, 2011), In particular, a three-dimensional coordinates method was used to analyze the last three strides before touchdown, the touchdown techniques, and the movements after takeoff toward the bar. An analysis of the, data for the biomechanical characteristics of the world`s best high jumpers could contribute to an improvement in the performance of a national high jumper. The first conclusion of the data analysis was that the arm movements of the gold medalist, J. Williams, had a single arm form, whereas the arm movements of the other medalists were a double arm form. Second, the difference in the knee joint angles upon touchdown and toe-off was 10˚. Third, J. Williams achieved his maximum CM height after takeoff (1.26m) using the maximum flexion of his knee joint. Fourth, the foot contact duration of A. Dmitrik (0.11 s) was the shortest among the medalists, and the ratio for his transformation of horizontal velocity to vertical velocity was the greatest (75.25%) among the three. Last, the maximum CM height of T. Barry was the greatest, and his foot contact duration was the longest.

침윤성방광암에서 경요도절제술과 고선량체외방사선요법의 효과

허만우,김민의,박영호 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: We analyzed the role of TURB and definitive radiation therapy as curative treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 1985 through Dec. 1992, 23 patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder who were not candidate for radical cystectomy or chemotherapy were received TURB and pelvic external beam radiation therapy(external beam radiation, mean 6500 cGY, mean 8 weeks). T categorization was based on clinical examination assessing the computed scan and the transurethral biopsy. Results: Of 23 evaluable patients overall 2-year and 5-year survival rate following TURB and radiation therapy were 445(10/23) and 26%(6/23), respectively. Five-year survivals by clinical stage were 3(43%) of 7 with stage T3a, 2(29%) of 7 with stage T3b, and 1(11%) of 9 with stage T4. Overall complete remission and partial remission were achieved in 6(26%) of 23 patients and in 9(39%) of 23 patients, respectively. Complete remission by clinical stage was achieved in 4(57%) of 7 with stage T3a and in 2(29%) of 7 with stage T3b, and in 3(33%) of 9 with stage T4. Acute and self-limited complications of radiation therapy such as dysuria, diarrhea, and urinary frequency occured in 61% of the patients during the radiation therapy. Conclusions: Definitive radiation therapy after TURB is appliable bladder preserving modality in patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma when they are not proper candidates due to general inoperability or due to the patient's preference.

보너스보상계획과 이익조절에 관한 연구

권의만,한영희 군산대학교 산업개발연구소 1998 産業開發硏究 Vol.17 No.-

Using confidential accounting data of executive-specific short-term bonus plans, we presents the extent to which executives manipulate earnings to maximize the present value of bonus plan payments. As such, this paper extends the works of other, Healy(1985). Like Healy, we find essential model evidence consistent with the hypothesis that managesr manipulate earnings downwards when their bonuses are at their maximum. Unlike Healy, we find essential model no evidence that managers manipulate earnings downwards when earnings are below the minimum ecessary to receive any bonus.

法人稅平準化 測定에 관한 硏究

權義晩,韓永熙,鄭柔錫 군산대학교 산업개발연구소 1997 産業開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This paper investigates the problems in the measurement regarding corporate income tax smoothing. Past studies generalyy based conclusions on the degree or frequency of apparent tax smoothing behavior identified among sample firms. This investigated two problems in the past studies. The first problem is that much of what appears as tax smoothing may occur "naturally" i.e., without any conscious intent by management to regulate fluctuations in its exemption codes. The second problem lies in the measurement ration of tax smoothing, which may overestimate the fluctuations is corporate income tax. In sum, this study proposed a general methods which taked the possibilities naturally tax smoothing by management and provided the method exactly to measure the smoothness.

초등학교 학교수준 체육교육과정 운영실태 분석

김만의 대구교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2021 현장중심 초등교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the overall situation of how the elementary school-level physical education curriculum is organized and operated. For this purpose, five teachers in charge of elementary physical education were selected as research participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and telephone interviews, and inductive case analysis was conducted. In order to secure the authenticity of the data, it was reviewed among members and consulted with experts. As a result of the study, problems such as a curriculum without a teacher's philosophy, a curriculum without subject content, a curriculum without autonomy, an unprepared curriculum, and a curriculum inconsistent with organization and operation were raised in the school-level elementary physical education curriculum. As alternatives, the composition of the curriculum reflecting the teacher's physical education philosophy and the thoughts of the members, review of teacher education, establishment of educational infrastructure, and guarantee of practical autonomy were suggested. 이 연구는 초등학교 학교수준 체육교육과정이 어떻게 편성·운영되는가에 대한 전반적인 실 태를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 체육교과 전담교사 5명을 연구참여자로 선정하였 다. 질문지와 전화 면담을 통하여 자료를 수집하여 귀납적 사례분석을 하였으며, 자료의 진실 성 확보를 위하여 구성원간 검토, 전문가 협의를 거쳤다. 연구 결과, 학교수준 초등 체육교육과 정에서 교사철학 없는 교육과정, 교과내용 없는 교육과정, 자율권 없는 교육과정, 준비되지 않 은 교육과정, 편성과 운영이 일치하지 않는 교육과정 등의 문제점이 제기하였다. 대안으로는 교사의 체육철학과 구성원의 생각이 반영된 교육과정의 구성, 교사교육의 재검토, 교육인프라 의 구축, 실질적인 자율권의 보장 등을 제안하였다.

附加價値稅 逋脫要因에 관한 分析과 改善方案

정덕주,권의만 群山大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

위선암에서 조직면역학적 방법을 이용한 P-glycoprotein의 분포에 관한 연구

김만성,양승하,김의한,강상균 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.1

P-glycoprotein, as a pleotropic membrane transport protein, shows specific localization in many normal tissue and malignant tumor. It act as an energy dependent drug pump in malignant tumors and makes difficulty for treating these tumors with anticancer drugs. Many malignant tumors such as colon carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, islet cell tumor of pancreas, and adrenal cortical carcinoma, show high expression of P-glycoprotein and resistance to chemotherapy. However reports for P-glycoprotein in gastric adenocarcinoma is rare. The difference of its expression according to differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma has been studied and its results are controversial. To observe the relationship of P-glycoprotein positivity according to differentiation of carcinoma, age and sex, adenocarcinoma 82 cases and dysplastic lesions 12 cases were analysed then processed for immunohistochemical stain by avidin-biotin complex using mAB JSB-1. The results were as followings : 1. Positive rate of P-glycoprotein in gastric adenocarcinoma and dysplastic lesions were 48.78%(40/82) and 50%(6/12). 2. Well, moderate and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed positive reaction of P-glycoprotein in 51.28%(20/39), 46.43%(13/28) and 46.67%(7/15) respectively. 3. Positive reaction of P-glycoprotein in male was 53.85%(35/65) and female in 29.41%(5/7) which indicate high positive rate in male. 4. Positive rate of P-glycoprotein according to age distribution were 25%(1/4) in 20-30 decade, 42.8%(6/14) in 40 decade, 44.83%(13/29) in 50 decade, 57.14(12/21) in 60 decade and 57.14%(8/14) in 70 decade. It indicate that P-glycoprotein positivity is increased with age. The above results reveal that the expression of p-glycoprotein in gastric adenocarcinoma as related with sex and age but not with differentiation of carcinoma. These results implies that P-glycoprotein may be implicated with hormone dependent.

불연속면을 갖는 암석의 역학적 거동에 관한 연구

趙萬燮,曺義權,金沂柱 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

To construct a structure in rock, first of all, the mechanical behavior of the rock should be understood. Most of rocks in situ have contained mechanical weak planes which greatly influenced on the mechanical behavior of the rock. On this study, hard rock was used to investigate in influence of the weak plane on the peak strength and displacement behavior. The results were summarized as follows; 1. When the angle of a weak plane(α) was 30。, the lowest peak strength was appeared. And the peak strengths between 30。to 45。were increased with increasing angles of weak plane. But the anisotropy of peak strength by the angle of weak plane was not remarkable in the comparision with that of soft rock, Tuff. The reason is the influence of the angle of the internal friction of the weak plane. 2. Different from soft rock, the peak strength was higher α= 60。than 90。with the lowest rate of displacement (1㎛/sec) in case of hard rock. It shows that the peak strength of weak plane is chiefly influenced by coefficient of internal friction rather than cohesion.

情報 System에서의 意思決定理論硏究

權義晩 群山大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Owing to the social growth of modern industries and enlarged interest groups in the Industries, New managerial techniques were demanded for, Especially developments of mass-memory computers and inducement of new information system made modern accounting employ new-developed information theories. Modern accounting made several tentative use of the Information theories directly to analyze its phenomena and indirectly to solve its problems. In other words, the necessity for information-systemazation has been more and more increased in response to the changing economic society. Accounting in the traditional society spoke mainly for the proprietorship. But it now represents various interest groups differentiated by the increased social and public characteristics of modern industries. Accounting to the shift, also major emphasis on the purposes of accounting transfered from contribution to decision-making to the provision of accounting information. The traditional method of economic analysis was developed on the assumption of full information. But information economics originated from the rejection of such an assumption and also from the recognition that economic system can be vitalized. Connecting information flow to goal-oriented decision-making. Today's managers have to do their best to make use of the new concepts and techniques of Information control.