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AR653 : Dynamic Detection Tool for Atomicity Races in ARINC 653 Applications
Eu-Teum Choi,Ok-Kyoon Ha,Yong-Kee Jun 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSEIA) 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.1
Atomicity races in ARINC 653 applications are a kind of concurrency bugs which causes nondeterministic behaviors by parallel processes. The defects must be detected to ensure the reliability of the applications, because they may lead to unpredictable results to the programmer. This paper presents a tool, called AR653, to dynamically detect atomicity races for an execution of the application. The tool monitors only minimal information, such as processes, semaphores, and read/write accesses to shared resources, and analyzes the relation of synchronizations to report atomicity races throgh a locking decipline of semaphores. We compared the accuracy of AR653 with CodeSonar using synthetic programs on a simulation system for integrated modular avionics. The emperiacal results show that our tool correctly reports atomicity races in cases of using shared pointers as well as in cases of using shared variables, while CodeSonar only locates atomicity races in cases of unsing shared variables.
항공기 건전성 관리시스템용 원자성 위배 자율 수리 소프트웨어 기법
최으뜸(Eu-Teum Choi),이동수(Dong-Su Lee),전용기(Yong-Kee Jun),이성진(Seongjin Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2020 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.48 No.7
항공기 건전성 관리시스템은 항공기 소프트웨어에서 발생한 오류 또는 결함으로 인해 항공기의 기능이 실패되는 것을 방지한다. ARINC-653의 병행프로그램에서 발생하는 원자성 위배의 자율 수리는 프로그램의 정상적인 실행을 보장하기 때문에 중요하다. 본 논문은 프로그램 실험 결과를 활용하여 수행 중에 원자성 위배를 예측하고 주요 관련 접근 사건을 지연시켜 수리하는 기법인 Repairing-AV를 제시한다. 실세계 소프트웨어에서 발생한 5가지 원자성 위배 패턴을 포함하는 합성 프로그램에 기존 기법과 Repairing-AV을 적용하여 수리 시간 오버헤드를 비교하였다. 실험 결과 Repairing-AV는 공유변수 접근 횟수와 관계없이 평균 1.4배의 일정한 시간 오버헤드를 가짐을 확인하였다. Airborne health management system prevents functional failure caused by errors or faults in the airborne software. On-the-fly repairing atomicity violations (AV) in an ARINC-653 concurrent software is critical for guaranteeing correctness of execution of the software. This paper proposes Repairing-AV which efficiently repairs atomicity violations. The Repairing-AV can diagnose and prevent an error on-the-fly by utilizing the training results of the software and controls access to the shared variable of the thread where the error occurred. The evaluation of the Repairing-AV measures the time overhead by applying the previous work and the Repairing-AV to five synthesis programs containing the atomicity violation. As the result of evaluation, the Repairing- AV constantly shows about 1.4x time overhead regardless of count of shared variable access.
Hahm, Eu-Teum,Lee, Jong-Ju,Lee, Won-Kyu,Bae, Hyun-Soo,Min, Byung-Il,Cho, Young-Wuk WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-
Background/Objective: Neuroendocrine hormones are derived from the hypothalamus. The central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus, is capable of modulating the cytolytic activity of adherent natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint enhances splenic NK cell and cytokine activities in rats. However, it is still unclear whether the anterior hypothalamus affects this immunomodulation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of EA stimulation at the Zusanli acupoint on the NK cell activity modulated by an anterior hypothalamic area lesion. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Lesions were placed by means of a direct current through a concentric electrode. The electric acupuncture stimulation was delivered for 30 min per each experiment at the right ST36 acupoint with an electrical stimulator. The NK cell activity of the spleen was measured by a fluorescence assay. Results: The NK cell activity was significantly reduced on the 2nd day after the lesion, but was restored to that of the sham group by the 7th day. However, when EA was applied for 2 days after the operation, the NK cell activity of the lesion group was restored to that of the sham group. After 7 days of EA, the NK cell activity of the lesion group was slightly higher than that of the sham group. Conclusion: From these results, we can suggest that EA enhances or restores the NK cell activity suppressed by an anterior hypothalamic area lesion.
Hahm, Eu-Teum,Lee, Jong-Ju,Lee, Won-Kyu,Bae, Hyun-Soo,Min, Byung-Il,Cho, Young-Wuk KYUNG HEE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER 2005 고황의학상 수상논문집 Vol.21-22 No.-
Background/Objective: Neuroendocrine hormones are derived from the hypothalamus. The central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus, is capable of modulating the cytolytic activity of adherent natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint enhances splenic NK cell and cytokine activities in rats. However, it is still unclear whether the anterior hypothalamus affects this immunomodulation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of EA stimulation at the Zusanli acupoint on the NK cell activity modulated by an anterior hypothalamic area lesion. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Lesions were placed by means of a direct current through a concentric electrode. The electric acupuncture stimulation was delivered for 30 min per each experiment at the right ST36 acupoint with an electrical stimulator. The NK cell activity of the spleen was measured by a fluorescence assay. Results: The NK cell activity was significantly reduced on the 2nd day after the lesion, but was restored to that of the sham group by the 7th day. However, when EA was applied for 2 days after the operation, the NK cell activity of the lesion group was restored to that of the sham group. After 7 days of EA, the NK cell activity of the lesion group was slightly higher than that of the sham group. Conclusion: From these results, we can suggest that EA enhances or restores the NK cell activity suppressed by an anterior hypothalamic area lesion.
Developmental change of GABAergic postsynaptic current in rat periaqueductal gray
Hahm, Eu-Teum,Lee, Jong-Ju,Min, Byung-Il,Cho, Young-Wuk EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-
The present study was designed to examine developmental changes of GABAergic spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons mechanically isolated from young (12-to 18-day) and adult (8-to 12-week) rats. While the frequency of mIPSCs was similar, the current amplitude in adult rats was significantly smaller than in young rats. In the study of mIPSC kinetics, all kinetic parameters except for the fast decay time in adult rats were smaller or shorter than in the case of young rats. The present study demonstrates that a decrease in the amplitude of GABAergic mIPSC during development may result from a decrease in the GABA contents of synaptic vesicles and from changes in the kinetics of postsynaptic GABA-activated Cl? channels.