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THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL ACTIONS ON GENEROSITY TO CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS
Etienne Denis,Claude Pecheux 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Based upon the assumption that emotional responses lead to behaviors, authors have focused on the antecedents of emotions and very limited research has been conducted to identify the conditions under which emotions lead to generosity (Ch?dotal et al., 2017). Manipulating the emotional valence and the proximity between donors and beneficiaries, we show that whereas guilt leads to more generosity, positive emotions have the opposite effects. We also detail the moderating role of empathic tendencies and proximity. As a cover story for our experiments, people had to answer questions about their TV habits. Participants were financially rewarded and given the opportunity to keep or to donate the endowment to a fictitious charity. To manipulate the emotional valence, participants were given time to describe an event in which they had done something negative or positive to someone important to them (Xu et al., 2014). To manipulate the perceived proximity with the victims, participants could give to a charity operating in a geographically close area or in a remote area. Study 1 (n = 127;Mage = 22.69;st.dev = 1.73 ) investigated the impact of guilt feelings and confirmed that their positive impact on generosity is moderated by empathic tendencies an perceived proximity with the victims. Study 2 (n = 134;Mage = 22.83;st.dev = 1.35 ) investigated the impact of positive feelings and confirmed their negative impact on generosity. Finally, Study 3 (n=183;Mage=21.05;st.dev = 1.37 ) generalized results from Study 1 and Study 2 to anticipated feelings. This research helps to better understand the role of emotions that people experience after engaging in good or bad behaviors on charitable giving. Although the positive (negative) impact of negative (positive) feelings on prosocial behaviors have been suggested in prior studies (Sachdeva et al., 2009; Renner et al., 2013), we identify the conditions under which such effects take place.
Stability and error of the variable two-step BDF for semilinear parabolic problems
Etienne Emmrich 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.19 No.1-2
The temporal discretisation of a moderate semilinear parabolic problem in an abstract setting by the two-step backward differentiation formula with variable step sizes is analysed. Stability as well as optimal smooth data error estimates are derived if the ratios of adjacent step sizes are bounded from above by 1.91.
Strategic Interactions on Structural Reforms Between Integrated Economies: What Lessons for the EU?
( Etienne Lehmann ),( Emmanuelle Taugourdeau ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2004 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.19 No.1
We show that the domestic output increases with a foreign country`s structural reform and decreases with foreign country`s fiscal policy. Hence, when governments act non-cooperatively, they implement too low structural reforms and too much fiscal policies.
ICPECVD-Dielectric Thin-Films CMOS-Compatible: Trends in Eco-Friendly Deposition
Etienne Herth,Jean-Yves Rauch 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3
Depositions of the dielectric thin-films at low temperatures without greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is one of the most critical challenges in modern technologies for microelectronics, optoelectronics, and nanoelectronics. The present study demonstrates that thin dielectric layers deposit by inductively-coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICPECVD) technology at lower temperatures ( < 300 ◦ C) can be successfully optimized and has the potential to reduce the environmental impact signifcantly. A particular focus is made on the improvement of the optical properties that are strongly correlated to the physicochemical bonds fi lm properties. Typical deposition rates range from 10 to 20 nm/min, depending mainly on power, pressure, and gas flows. This study opens up large scale applications that require lower hydrogen content and a stable process. The presented results emphasize green manufacturing technologies and can be valuable for a wide range of applications using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible technology.
Oxidized Alginate Hydrogel-Based Derivatives with Optimized Features for Cell Culture Scaffold
Etienne Twizeyimana,Shuang Zhang,Jean Felix Mukerabigwi,Zhishen Ge 한국고분자학회 2022 Macromolecular Research Vol.30 No.4
Advances in designing smart hydrogels with the structures and properties similar to the interior of extracellular matrix have aroused the interest of researchers as promising cell support scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, a novel hydrogel system is developed from natural polysaccharides that are sodium alginate, gelatin and carboxymethyl chitosan through Schiff base crosslinking mechanism. By mixing these three components, the hydrogel system with tunable strength and gelation time was obtained and abbreviated as oxACG hydrogel. Moreover, the obtained hydrogels are biocompatible and can sustain the growth and proliferation of Hela cells after 24 h incubation. The experimental results show that the hydrogel possesses a relatively short gelation time that is around 3 min, high gel strength and negligible cell cytotoxicity. The oxACG hydrogel composite exhibited desirable properties, and they can be used as high-performance multifunctional injectable hydrogels in cell therapy.
Design and testing of low-divergence elliptical-jet nozzles
Etienne Rouly,Andrew Warkentin,Robert Bauer 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.5
A novel approach was developed to design and fabricate nozzles to produce high-pressure low-divergence fluid jets. Rapid-prototypefabrication allowed for myriad experiments investigating effects of different geometric characteristics of nozzle internal geometry on jetdivergence angle and fluid distribution. Nozzle apertures were elliptical in shape with aspect ratios between 1.00 and 2.45. The resultingnozzle designs were tested and the lowest elliptical jet divergence angle was 0.4 degrees. Nozzle pressures and flowrates ranged from0.32 to 4.45 MPa and 13.6 to 37.9 LPM, respectively. CimCool CimTech 310 machining fluid was used in all experiments at a Brix concentrationof 6.6 percent.
Strategic Interactions on structural Reforms Between Intergrated Economies: What Lessons for the EU?
Etienne Lehmann,Emmanuelle Taugourdeau 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2004 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.19 No.1
We show that the domestic output increases with a foreign country's structural reform and decreases with foreign country’s fiscal policy. Hence, when governments act non-cooperatively, they implement too low structural reforms and too much fiscal policies. We show that the domestic output increases with a foreign country's structural reform and decreases with foreign country’s fiscal policy. Hence, when governments act non-cooperatively, they implement too low structural reforms and too much fiscal policies.