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INJECTIVE COVERS OVER COMMUTATIVE NOETHERIAN RINGS WITH GLOBAL DIMENSION AT MOST TWO
Enochs, Edgar-E.,Kim, Hae-Sik,Song, Yeong-Moo Korean Mathematical Society 2003 대한수학회보 Vol.40 No.1
In [3], Del Valle, Enochs and Martinez studied flat envelopes over rings and they showed that over rings as in the title these are very well behaved. If we replace flat with injective and envelope with the dual notion of a cover we then have the injective covers. In this article we show that these injective covers over the commutative noetherian rings with global dimension at most 2 have properties analogous to those of the flat envelopes over these rings.
Injective covers over commutative Noetherian rings with global dimension at most two
Edgar E. Enochs,김해식,송영무 대한수학회 2003 대한수학회보 Vol.40 No.1
In cite{emd}, Del Valle, Enochs and Mart'{i}nez studied flatenvelopes over rings and they showed that over rings as in thetitle these are very well behaved. If we replace flat withinjective and envelope with the dual notion of a cover we thenhave the injective covers. In this article we show that theseinjective covers over the commutative noetherian rings with globaldimension at most 2 have properties analogous to those of the flatenvelopes over these rings.
Enoch Y. Park,Vipin Kumar Deo,Tatsuya Kato,Naoko Asari 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.3
Insect cell transformants, stably expressing human 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (3GnT2) as the green fluorescent protein (GFPuv)-fused protein, were efficiently isolated on Western blot by the quantification of the densitometric intensity of the fusion protein. From almost 150 transformants containing the fusion gene linked to three different types of signal sequence, two transformants, Tn-pXme4a and -pX28a, were successfully selected, showing 8.3 and 8.6 mU/mL 3GnT activity, respectively. This method requires a screening time almost one-half that required in the isolation of stably transformed cells with high expression levels, and at the same time allows the handling a large number of transformants.
Waste paper sludge as a potential biomass for bio-ethanol production
Enoch Y. Park,Joni Prasetyo 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.2
This review describes the utilization of paper sludge (PS), which is waste from the pulp and paper industry. Its advantages make PS the cellulosic biomass with the most potential for bio-refinery research and applicable for industrial scale. Some of the grain based biofuels and chemicals have already been in commercial operation, including fuel ethanol or biochemical products. Unfortunately, research and application of PS are yet in their infancy and suffer from large scale because of low productivity. Reviewing the many researches that are working at the utilization of PS for bio-refineries could encourage the utilization of PS from laboratory research to be applied in industry. For this reason,PS usage as industrial raw material will be effective in solving the environmental problems caused by PS with clean technology. In addition, its conversion to bio-ethanol could offer an alternative solution to the energy crisis from fossil fuel. Two methods of PS utilization as raw material for bio-ethanol production are introduced. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using cellulase produced by A. cellulolyticus and thermotolerant S. cerevisiae TJ14 gave ethanol yield 0.208 (g ethanol/g PS organic material) or 0.051 (g ethanol/g PS). One pot bioethanol production as a modified consolidated biomass processing (CBP) technology gave ethanol yield 0.19 (g ethanol/g Solka floc) and is considered to be the practical CBP technology for its minimizing process.
Enoch Y. Park,Shin Kanamasa,Satoshi Tajima 한국생물공학회 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.2
For this study, we hypothesized that mitochondrial NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (ICDH1) and isocitrate lyase (ICL1) were important enzymes for riboflavin synthesis in the fungus Ashbya gossypii. Here, the genes encoding ICDH1 and ICL1 were disrupted in order to analyze the enzymes’ functions on riboflavin production by the fungus. The riboflavin production resulting from these disruptants was markedly decreased compared to the concentration produced by its parental strain when cultured in a rich nutrient medium used to optimize riboflavin production. Furthermore, when comparing the transcription levels of the genes encoding ICDH1 and ICL1, between wild-type A. gossypii and an itaconate resistant mutant of A. gossypii obtained by UV irradiation, the mRNA levels in the mutant were 1.8- and 2.0-fold higher than those in the wild-type strain, respectively. These results indicate that ICDH1 and ICL1 are key enzymes for riboflavin synthesis in A. gossypii.
Enoch Y. Park,Mi Sun Kwon,Takashi Dojima 한국생물공학회 2003 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.8 No.2
Three insect cell lines, Sf9, Sf21 and Tn5B1-4, and four different kinds of serum free media (SFM), Sf 900 II, EX-CELL 420, EX-CELL 405 and Express Five, were used to compare the nutrient consumption, byproduct formation, production of recombinant protein and protease activity in suspension cultures. The Sf 900 II SFM was appropriate for the cell growth and protein production of the Sf9 and Sf21 cell lines. When the Tn5B1-4 cell line was grown in the Express Five SFM, the specific growth rate was 1.6 fold higher than those of either the Sf9 or Sf21 cell lines. The glucose and glutamine consumption rates per cells, were 4 and 2.3 times higher than those of the Sf9 cell line, respectively. The overall yield coefficients of the lactate and ammonium ion were 2.8 and 1.5 times higher compared to those of the Sf9 cell line, respectively. The maximum specific β-galactosidase production rate was 4.5 fold that of the Sf9 cell line, a 3 times higher protease activity per cell.