Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements during silkworm domestication

Min‑Jin Han,Hong‑En Xu,Xiao‑Min Xiong,Hua‑Hao Zhang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.10

Although there are some documented examples on population dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) in model organisms, the evolutionary dynamics of TEs in domesticated species has not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study is to understand population dynamics of TEs during silkworm domestication. In this work, using transposondisplay we examined the polymorphism of seven TE families [they represent about 59% of silkworm (Bombyx mori) total TE content] in four domesticated silkworm populations and one wild silkworm population. Maximum likelihood (ML) was used to estimate selection pressure. Population differentiation and structure were performed by using AMOVA analysis and program DISTRUCT, respectively. The results of transposon-display showed that significant differentiation occurred between the domesticated silkworm and wild silkworm. These TEs have experienced expansions and fixation in the domesticated silkworm but not in wild silkworm. Furthermore, the ML results indicated that purifying selection of TEs in the domesticated silkworm were significantly weaker than that in the wild silkworm. Interestingly, an adaptation insertion induced by BmMITE-2 was found, and this insertion can reduce the polymorphism of the flanking regions of its neighboring COQ7 gene. Our results suggested that TEs expanded and were fixed in the domesticated silkworm might result from demographic effects and artificial selection during domestication. We concluded that the data presented in this study have general implication in animal and crop improvements as well as in domestication of new species.

Three-Dimensional Flow Analysis and Improvement of Slip Factor Model for Forward-Curved Blades Centrifugal Fan

En-Min GUO,Kwang-Yong KIM 대한기계학회 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.2

This work developed improved slip factor model and correction method to predict flow through impeller in forward-curved centrifugal fan. Both steady and unsteady three-dimen-sional CFD analyses were performed to validate the slip factor model and the correction method. The results show that the improved slip factor model presented in this paper could provide more accurate predictions for forward-curved centrifugal impeller than the other slip factor models since the present model takes into account the effect of blade curvature. The correction method is provided to predict mass-averaged absolute circumferential velocity at the exit of impeller by taking account of blockage effects induced by the large-scale backflow near the front plate and flow separation within blade passage. The comparison with CFD results also shows that the improved slip factor model coupled with the present correction method provides accurate predictions for mass-averaged absolute circumferential velocity at the exit of impeller near and above the flow rate of peak total pressure coefficient.<br/>

Effect of Cordycepin on the Expression of the Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-17A in C57BL/6 Mice

( Min Jeong Seo ),( Min Jeong Kim ),( Hye Hyeon Lee ),( Jeong Uck Park ),( Byoung Won Kang ),( Gi Young Kim ),( En Ju Rhu ),( Jung In Kim ),( Kwang Hyuk Kim ),( Yong Kee Jeong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.2

Culture supernatants of splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 μg/ml cordycepin plus 3.0 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the effects of cordycepin (3`-deoxyadenosine) on the production of inflammatory cytokines. Co-administration of 3.0 μg/ml cordycepin with LPS in cultured murine spleen cells significantly diminished the expression of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a time-dependent manner. Expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A was substantially down-regulated in a time- dependent manner at all cordycepin concentrations. These findings suggest that cordycepin down-regulates the immediate hypersensitivity reaction stimulated by LPS.

Effect of Nerve Growth Factor Gene Injection on the Nerve Regeneration in Rat Lingual Nerve Crush-Injury Model

( En Feng Gao ),( Hun Jong Chung ),( Kang Min Ahn ),( Soung Min Kim ),( Yun Hee Kim ),( Jeong Won Jahng ),( Jong Ho Lee ) 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2006 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.28 No.S1

흑마늘(Black garlic) 추출물이 마우스 비장세포의 Cytokine 생성에 미치는 영향

Min Jeong Seo(서민정),Byoung Won Kang(강병원),Jeong Uck Park(박정욱),Min Jeong Kim(김민정),Hye Hyeon Lee(이혜현),En Ju Ryu(류은주),Woo Hong Joo(주우홍),Kwang Hyuk Kim(김광혁),Yong Kee Jeong(정영기) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

생리활성물질을 다량함유하고 있는 마늘의 발효산물인 흑마늘의 면역활성을 검증하기 위하여 C57BL6 마우스 비장세포를 이용하여 흑마늘이 비장세포의 활성화에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 흑마늘 추출물은 시판되는 남해 흑마늘 액기스를 농축하여 사용하였다. 그 결과 IL-2에서 흑마늘 추출물만 처리한 군에서 생성이 증가하였으며, LPS와 흑마늘 추출물을 함께 처리하였을 때 IL-2와 TNF-α, IFN-γ의 생성이 LPS만 처리한 군보다 증가하여 대식세포나 T림프구의 발현에 의해 일어나는 세포성 매개 면역을 활성화를 유도하는 Th1 세포의 발현을 활성화 하였다. 그리고 IL-6는 흑마늘 추출물만 처리하였을 때 후기생성이 증가하였으며, LPS와 흑마늘 추출물을 함께 처리한 경우 LPS만 처리한 군보다 IL-4와 IL-6의 생성이 증가하였다. IL-10은 LPS와 흑마늘 추출물을 함께 처리하였을 때 후기 생성이 감소하였는데, 이는 B 림프구의 활성화에 따른 항체생성 면역을 활성화하며 Th1 세포로부터 유도되는 세포성 면역반응을 억제함으로서 항체유도 체액성 면역반응으로 전환을 효과적으로 조절하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 흑마늘 추출물은 마우스 비장세포에서 T 림프구의 활성화에 따른 Th1 세포와 Th2 세포가 활성화되어 면역계의 세포성 면역과 체액성 면역반응을 활성화하여 면역조절에 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. The effect of black garlic extract on the activation of spleen cells from a C57BL6 mouse was investigated to examine immune activities of of fermented black garlic containing a variety of bioactive substances. xtract obtained from the concentration of commercial Namhae black garlic was used for the analysis of immune activities. Treatment with the extract increased the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine. The simultaneous administration of the extract plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the expression of IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ compared with that of a control group. This result suggests that cellular immunity can be induced by macrophages, resulting in the expression of T lymphocytes and T helper type 1 (Th1) cells. In addition, treatment with the extract increased the late response of IL-6 cytokines, and the extract plus LPS augmented the expression of IL-4 and IL-6 compared with that of an LPS-treated group. Meanwhile, the extract plus LPS decreased the late response of IL-10, suggesting that humoral immunity can be activated by stimulating B lymphocytes, suppressing cellular immunity, and effectively modulating the conversion into humoral immune responses. These findings demonstrate that the black garlic extract activates Th1 and Th2 cells by stimulating T lymphocytes in mouse spleen cells and leads to immunomodulation by activating cellular and humoral immune responses of the immune system.

발효 꾸지뽕(Cudrania tricuspidata) 열매 추출물이 마우스 비장세포의 cytokine 생성에 미치는 영향

서민정(Min Jeong Seo),강병원(Byoung Won Kang),박정욱(Jeong Uck Park),김민정(Min Jeong Kim),이혜현(Hye Hyeon Lee),김남희(Nam Hee Kim),김광혁(Kwang Hyuk Kim),류은주(En Ju Rhu),정영기(Yong Kee Jeong) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

꾸지뽕(Cudrania tricuspidata) 열매의 면역증강 작용을 검토하기 위하여 유산균을 이용하여 발효한 후 70% 에탄올 추출하여 그 추출물을 마우스 비장세포에 작용한 후 분비되는 cytokine으로 면역활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 발효에 의해 성분의 변화로 총 페놀함량을 측정한 결과 발효에 의해 폴리페놀 함량이 약 47% 증가하였으며, 면역활성에서는 발효 꾸지뽕 열매에서 cytokine IL-2와IL-4의 분비량이 증가하였다. 그리고 LPS 자극제와 함께 처리하였을 때, Th1 cell 유도 cytokine인 IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α의 분비는 억제되었으나, Th2 cell 유도 cytokine인 IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10의 분비량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이는 발효 꾸지뽕 나무 열매 추출물이 Th1 cell의 발현에 의해 유도되는 세포성 면역작용 반응은 억제하며, B 림프구에 의한 항체생성과 관련된 체액성 면역작용을 유도하는 Th2 cell의 발현을 활성화 하는 것으로 사료된다. We investigated a physiological function by fermenting a medicinal mushroom, (Cudrania tricuspidata fruit). A fermentation using lactic acid bacteria and the extracts isolated from 70% ethanol fractionation was included in cultured mouse spleen cells for cytokine secretion. As a result, total polyphenol content improved by 47% by organic acid fermentation. This was regarded as immune activity in fermented C. tricuspidata fruits, as the levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 secretion increased. In addition, when the extracts were treated with a stimulant lipopolysaccharide, the secretion of helper T (Th) 1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α was suppressed, while the secretion of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 significantly increased. Therefore, this study suggests that fermentative C. tricuspidata fruit extracts can contribute to the suppression of cellular immune reactions induced by the expression of Th1 cells and activation of the expression of Th2 cells inducing humoral immune reactions associated with the antibody generation by B lymphocytes.

Three-Dimensional Flow Analysis and Improvement of Slip Factor Model for Forward-Curved Blades Centrifugal Fan

Guo, En-Min,Kim, Kwang-Yong The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.2

This work developed improved slip factor model and correction method to predict flow through impeller in forward-curved centrifugal fan. Both steady and unsteady three-dimensional CFD analyses were performed to validate the slip factor model and the correction method. The results show that the improved slip factor model presented in this paper could provide more accurate predictions for forward-curved centrifugal impeller than the other slip factor models since the present model takes into account the effect of blade curvature. The correction method is provided to predict mass-averaged absolute circumferential velocity at the exit of impeller by taking account of blockage effects induced by the large-scale backflow near the front plate and flow separation within blade passage. The comparison with CFD results also shows that the improved slip factor model coupled with the present correction method provides accurate predictions for mass-averaged absolute circumferential velocity at the exit of impeller near and above the flow rate of peak total pressure coefficient.

중규모급 수력 플랜트 연구과제물 설치 현안사항 고찰

민경은(Min Kyong En),김현준(Kim Hyun Jun),조현식(Jo Hyun Sik),윤민지(Yoon Min Ji),박정수(Park Jeong Soo),마정아(Ma Jeong A) 한국유체기계학회 2022 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

원심다익송풍기의 미끄럼 계수에 대한 연구

구오 엔민(En-min GUO),김광용(Kwang-Yong KIM),서성진(Seoung-Jin SEO) 한국유체기계학회 2002 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The objective of this work is to develop improved slip factor model and correction method to predict flow through impeller in forward-curved centrifugal fan by investigating the validity of various slip factor models. Both steady and unsteady three-dimensional CFD analyses were performed with a commercial code to validate the slip factor model and the correction method. The results show that the improved slip factor model presented in this paper could provide more accurate predictions for forward-curved centrifugal impeller than the other slip factor models since the presented model takes into account the effect of blade curvature. The comparison with CFD results also shows that the improved slip factor model coupled with the present correction method provides accurate predictions for mass-averaged absolute circumferential velocity at the exit of impeller near and above the flow rate of peaktotal pressure coefficient.

임신말기 유도분만에서 경질 misoprostol과 경구 dinoprostone의 비교

노현주(Hyun Ju Noh),김병철(Byung Cheol Kim),임연주(Yeon Ju Lim),이철우(Cheol Woo Lee),민정기(Jung Ki Min),양은영(En Young Yang),황운정(Woon Jeong Hwang),신용덕(Yong Duk Shin),김동진(Dong Jin Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.9

목적: 임신말기 유도분만에서 PGE1유도체인 misoprostol을 경질 투여시와 dinoprostone을 경구 투여시의 유도분만 효과 및 안정성을 비교하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구방법: 1998년 11월 1일부터 1999년 2월 1일까지 지방공사 강남병원 분만장에 유도분만을 위해 입원한 임산부 중 100명을 무작위 추출하여, 50㎍의 misoprostol을 질식투여 또는0.5mg의 dinoprostone을 경구 투여하였다. 결과: 양군간에 연령, 분만력에는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 임신 주수에 았어서는 misoprostol군에서 dinoprostone군에 비해 더 짧았으나(40.3±1.0주 vs 40.7±1.1주, p<0.05), 일반적으로 제태 기간이 길수록 성공적인 유도분만율이 더 높을 것으로 생각하는 것을 고려한다면 양군의 비교에 있어서는 문제가 없었다. 유도분만 중 oxytocin 정맥 주입이 필요한 경우는 misoprostol군에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 그 빈도가 낮았으며(20% vs 76%, p<0.001), 유도분만에 소요된 시간은 양군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(724.3±375.4분 vs 800.3±697.0분). 12시간이내 질식분만율은 양군이 유사했으며(44% vs 48%), 24시간이내 질식분만율은 misoprostol군에서 유의하게 높았다(88% vs 56%, p<0.001). 양군간에 태아 곤란증, 빈맥수축 및 과도긴장의 빈도, 과자극증후군의 빈도, 분만 실패의 빈도, 분만방법의 비교에서는 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었으며, 신생아 체중과 1분 및 5분 Apgar점수에서도 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 임신말기 유도분만에 경질 misoprostol을 사용한 경우 경구 dinoprostone을 사용한 군에 비해 oxytocin을 사용하지 않고도 성공적인 유도분만에 이른 예가 월등히 많았으며, 유도분만 효과 면에서는 경구 dinoprostone군과 동등하거나 다소 더 좋았으며, 태아와 산모에 미치는 영향은 차이가 없었으므로, 경질 misoprostol 또한 효과적이고 안전한 유도분만 방법으로 사료된다. Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol versus oral dinoprostone for labor induction at term. Methods: One hundred of patients at term were randomized to receive either 50㎍ of misoprostol vaginally every 4 hours or dinoprostone 0.5mg orally every 1 hour for the maximum of six doses. Intravenous infusion of oxytocin was administered under such circumferences as the patient did not go into active labor after maximum dose, SROM was developed without an adequate contraction pattern, or the patient had arrest of dilatation(no change in cervical dilatation for 2 hours). We compared the frequency of oxytocin augmentation, administration to delivery interval, vaginal delivery rate within 12 hours and 24 hours, intrapartum complications, induction failure, mode of delivery, neonatal outcomes, and maternal complications between two groups. Results: The average interval from administration to delivery was shorter in the misoprostol group(739.4±372.4min vs 1087.7±765.1min, p<0.05), but the interval from administration to vaginal delivery of each group was similar(724.3±375.4min vs 800.3±697.0min). Regarding the frequency of vaginal delivery within 24 hours, however, misoprostol group was higher than dinoprostone group(88% vs 56%, p<0.001). And oxytocin augmentation of labor occurred less commonly in misoprostol group than in dinoprostone group(20% vs 76%, p<0.05). Any statistically significant difference in intrapartum complications, mode of delivery, and neonatal or maternal adverse outcome was not appeared between these two group. Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol is as effective and safe as oral dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor at term. In addition, vaginal misoprostol contributes the curtailment of labor induction expenditure due to its moderate price; misoprostol costs 100 won per 50㎍.