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Occupational Exposure to Metals in Shooting Ranges: A Biomonitoring Study
Eline Vandebroek,Vincent Haufroid,Erik Smolders,Luc Hons,Benoit Nemery 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1
Background: Lead (Pb) exposure in shooting ranges has been reduced by various measures such as jacketed ammunition and lead-free primers. Nevertheless, this may lead to exposure to other metals, potentially resulting in adverse health effects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects from seven different shooting ranges were studied: four shooting instructors, 10 police officers, 15 Special Forces, and six maintenance staff members. Metals and metalloids were determined in blood and urine by inductively coupled plasmaemass spectrometry. Results: The concentrations of most elements did not differ significantly between groups or compared to reference values, except for Sb and Pt in urine and Pb in blood. Mean values for Sb were considerably higher in urine from the Special Forces (0.34 mg/L), the maintenance staff (0.13 mg/L), and shooting instructors (0.32 mg/L) compared to the police officers before shooting (0.06 mg/L) and a Belgian reference value (0.04 mg/L). For Pt, the Special Forces showed higher mean urinary concentrations (0.078 mg/L) compared to a Belgian reference value (<0.061 mg/L). Mean values for blood lead were markedly higher in the Special Forces (3.9 mg/dL), maintenance staff (5.7 mg/dL), and instructors (11.7 mg/dL) compared to police officers (1.4 mg/dL). One instructor exceeded the biological exposure index for blood Pb (38.8 mg/ dL). Conclusion: Since both Pb and Sb were found to be higher in shooting range employees, especially among frequent shooters, it is advisable to provide appropriate protective equipment, education, and medical follow-up for shooting range personnel in addition to careful choice of ammunition.
Searching for a sharp version of the Iliev-Sendov conjecture
Elin Berggren,Sollervall 장전수학회 2010 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.20 No.1
The well-known Iliev-Sendov conjecture states that if p(z) is a polynomial of degree n ≥ 2, with all zeroes in the (closed) unit disc, there is at least one zero of the derivative p(z) within unit length from each given zero of the polynomial. The purpose of this paper is to initiate a search for a sharp version of the conjecture and to inspire further work towards identifying necessary subsets of the minimal regions containing at least one zero of the derivative. The approach is to define such a region En(a) for each point a in the unit disc and for each degree n ≥ 2. We establish that E2(a) = {z : |z − a 2| ≤ 12} and En(0) = {z : |z| ≤ 1n−1√n}. Furthermore, we determine that {z : |z − a 2| ≤√12−3|a|26 } ⊆ E3(a) if |a| ≤ 1, and that {z = (x, y) : (x − a 2 )2 + 11−a2 y2 ≤ 14} ⊆ En(a) if 0 ≤ a < 1. However, the main purpose of this paper is to introduce and motivate the definition of the minimal regions En(a), and to inspire further work towards identifying these regions.
Acremostrictin, a HighlyOxygenated Metabolite fromthe Marine Fungus <i>Acremonium strictum</i>
Julianti, Elin,Oh, Hana,Jang, Kyoung Hwa,Lee, Jae Kyun,Lee, Sang Kook,Oh, Dong-Chan,Oh, Ki-Bong,Shin, Jongheon American ChemicalSociety and AmericanSociety of Ph 2011 Journal of natural products Vol.74 No.12
<P>The novel natural product acremostrictin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of Acremonium strictum, a marine fungus collected from a Choristida sponge off the coast of Korea. Structurally, acremostrictin is a tricyclic lactone of an unprecedented skeletal class based on combined spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The new compound exhibited weak antibacterial and moderate antioxidant activities.</P>
Occupational Exposure to Metals in Shooting Ranges: A Biomonitoring Study
Vandebroek, Eline,Haufroid, Vincent,Smolders, Erik,Hons, Luc,Nemery, Benoit Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1
Background: Lead (Pb) exposure in shooting ranges has been reduced by various measures such as jacketed ammunition and lead-free primers. Nevertheless, this may lead to exposure to other metals, potentially resulting in adverse health effects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects from seven different shooting ranges were studied: four shooting instructors, 10 police officers, 15 Special Forces, and six maintenance staff members. Metals and metalloids were determined in blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: The concentrations of most elements did not differ significantly between groups or compared to reference values, except for Sb and Pt in urine and Pb in blood. Mean values for Sb were considerably higher in urine from the Special Forces ($0.34{\mu}g/L$), the maintenance staff ($0.13{\mu}g/L$), and shooting instructors ($0.32{\mu}g/L$) compared to the police officers before shooting ($0.06{\mu}g/L$) and a Belgian reference value ($0.04{\mu}g/L$). For Pt, the Special Forces showed higher mean urinary concentrations ($0.078{\mu}g/L$) compared to a Belgian reference value (<$0.061{\mu}g/L$). Mean values for blood lead were markedly higher in the Special Forces ($3.9{\mu}g/dL$), maintenance staff ($5.7{\mu}g/dL$), and instructors ($11.7{\mu}g/dL$) compared to police officers ($1.4{\mu}g/dL$). One instructor exceeded the biological exposure index for blood Pb ($38.8{\mu}g/dL$). Conclusion: Since both Pb and Sb were found to be higher in shooting range employees, especially among frequent shooters, it is advisable to provide appropriate protective equipment, education, and medical follow-up for shooting range personnel in addition to careful choice of ammunition.
Anders Larsson,Elin Nilsson,Hans Kollberg,Marie Johannesson,Per-Erik Wej?ker,David Carlander 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.2
Immunotherapy with specific antibodies is an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of infections in hu-mans and animals. We have used orally administered immunoglobulin Y (IgY) preparations, purified from eggs of hens im-munized with Pseudomonas aeruginosabacteria, to prevent pulmonary P. aeruginosainfections in a group of patients withcystic fibrosis (CF). Respiratory infections are major problems for CF patients because of the thick mucus in the airways, andchronic P. aeruginosalung infections occur in virtually all CF patients and cause morbidity and mortality. The IgY-treatedgroup had only 2.5 P. aeruginosa-positive sputum cultures per 100 months, and none of the IgY-treated patients becamechronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. In the control group, 13.7 of the cultures per 100 months were positive for P. aerug-inosa, and 24% of patients became chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. The first enrolled patient in this study has nowbeen treated continuously for more than 10 years. During the first 8 years she only had four P. aeruginosa-positive cultures.After 8 years she became chronically infected, but still after 10 years the bacteria have not turned mucoid. No negative sideeffects of IgY treatment have been noted during these 10 years. To our knowledge this is the longest treatment with specificyolk antibodies for therapeutic purposes.