Market Power-Constrained Transmission Expansion Planning Using Bi-Level Optimization

El-Meligy Mohammed A.,El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M.,Mahmoud Haitham A. 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.1

Market power evaluation must be a primary concern when deciding to expand a transmission network in a restructured electricity grid since a well-designated transmission network can efectively mitigate market power. In this regard, a scenariodriven transmission expansion planning model is proposed to fnd the least-cost solution for optimal transmission grid confguration considering market power in the electricity market. The presented methodology is formulated as a stochastic bi-level optimization problem. The upper level identifes the optimal expansion plan and generation output under uncertainty in renewable energy sources and electric demand. Given the optimal expansion strategy obtained from the upper level, the lower level computes the expanded power system's transmission-constrained structural market power measure. Within this bi-level framework, the planner can mitigate market power exerted by generation units to avoid consumer overpayment. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions are used to form a mixed-integer linear programming problem, which can be efectively solved by branch-and-cut solvers. The modifed IEEE 118-bus power system is used to corroborate the efectiveness of the bi-level structure of the market power-constrained transmission expansion planning model.

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce endometriosis cellular proliferation through their anti-inflammatory effects

Fatma Y. Meligy,Dalia A. Elgamal,Lobna A. Abdelzaher,Maha Y. Khashbah,Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar,Ayat A. Sayed,Abeer M. Refaiy,Essam R. Othman 대한생식의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.48 No.4

Objective: Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine cavity. Pelvic soreness and infertility are the usual association. Due to the poor effectiveness of the hormone therapy and the high incidence of recurrence following surgical excision, there is no single effective option for management of endometriosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells studied for their broad immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their efficiency in endometriosis cases is still a controversial issue. Our study aim was to evaluate whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) could help with endometriosis through their studied anti-inflammatory role. Methods: Female Wistar rats weighting 180 to 250 g were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, endometriosis group; established by transplanting autologous uterine tissue into rats’ peritoneal cavities and group 2, stem cell treated group; treated with AD-MSCs on the 5th day after induction of endometriosis. The proliferative activity of the endometriosis lesions was evaluated through Ki67 staining. Quantitative estimation of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β expression, as well as immunohistochemical detection of CD68 positive macrophages, were used to assess the inflammatory status. Results: The size and proliferative activity of endometriosis lesions were significantly reduced in the stem cell treated group. Stem cells efficiently mitigated endometriosis associated chronic inflammatory reactions estimated through reduction of CD68 positive macrophages and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy can be considered a novel remedy in endometriosis possibly through its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Synthesis of Novel Benzofuran and Related Benzimidazole Derivatives for Evaluation of In Vitro Anti-HIV-1, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities

Rida, Samia M.,El-Hawash, Soad A.M.,Fahmy, Hesham T.Y.,Hazzaa, Aly A.,El-Meligy, Mostafa M.M. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

Previously, we synthesized and evaluated several benzofuran derivatives containing heterocyclic ring substituents linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2 by a two- to four-atom spacer as potential anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Among these derivatives, NSC 725612 and NSC 725716 exhibited interesting anti-HIV-1 activity. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, we synthesized several new benzofuran derivatives derived from 2-acetylbenzofuran (2, 3a-c) and 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran (6; 7a,b; 8a,b). The compounds were designed to comprise the heterocyclic substituents directly linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2. Moreover, various related benzimidazoles derived from 2-acetylbenzimidazole and from 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole (12a,b; 13a,b; 15; 16a,b) were also prepared as isosteres. The synthesized compounds were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Compounds 2, 3a, 3b, and 12b showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Compound 6 exhibited mild activity against S. aureus, while compound 15 had mild activity towards S. aureus and C. albicans. However, no significant anticancer activity was observed with any of the tested compounds. From these results, we conclude that the presence of the spacer between the heterocyclic substituent and the benzofuran nucleus may be essential for the biological activity.

Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Novel Benzofuran Derivatives as Potential Anti-HIV-1, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Agents

Samia M. Rida,Soad A. M. El-Hawash,Hesham T. Y. Fahmy,Aly A. Hazza,Mostafa M. M. El-Meligy 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.1

A novel series of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl-ethylidene)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides (2a-d) along with some derived ring systems: substituted-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles (3a-c, 4a-f) and thiazolidin- 4-ones (5a-d and 6a-d), were synthesized. In addition, cyanoacetic acid-(1-benzofuran- 2-yl-ethylidene) hydrazide (7) was used to prepare another new series of compounds consisting of substituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones (8a-c); 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles (9a-d) and 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-6H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ones (10a-c, 11a-c). The absolute configuration of compound 5c was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds prepared were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds, compounds 5c and 9a produced a significant reduction ㅐㄹ the viral cytopathic effect (93.19% and 59.55%) at concentrations >2.0×10-4 M and 2.5×10-5 M respectively. Compound 9a was confirmed to have moderate anti-HIV activity. Compounds 2a, 2d, and 5c showed mild antifungal activity. However, none of the tested compounds showed any significant anticancer activity.

Synthesis of Novel Benzofuran and Related Benzimidazole Derivatives for Evaluation of In Vitro Anti-HIV-1, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities

Samia M. Rida,Soad A. M. El-Hawash,Hesham T. Y. Fahmy,Aly A. Hazzaa,Mostafa M. M. El-Meligy 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

Previously, we synthesized and evaluated several benzofuran derivatives containing heterocyclic ring substituents linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2 by a two- to four-atom spacer as potential anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Among these derivatives, NSC 725612 and NSC 725716 exhibited interesting anti-HIV-1 activity. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, we synthesized several new benzofuran derivatives derived from 2-acetylbenzofuran (2, 3a-c) and 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran (6; 7a,b; 8a,b). The compounds were designed to comprise the heterocyclic substituents directly linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2. Moreover, various related benzimidazoles derived from 2-acetylbenzimidazole and from 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole (12a,b; 13a,b; 15; 16a,b) were also prepared as isosteres. The synthesized compounds were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Compounds 2, 3a, 3b, and 12b showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Compound 6 exhibited mild activity against S. aureus, while compound 15 had mild activity towards S. aureus and C. albicans. However, no significant anticancer activity was observed with any of the tested compounds. From these results, we conclude that the presence of the spacer between the heterocyclic substituent and the benzofuran nucleus may be essential for the biological activity.