The Outlook for Nuclear Power and its International Aspects

Eklund Sigvard Korea Atomic Industry Forum 1978 原子力 Vol.3 No.-

Global Nuclear Power as an Alternate Source of Energy Prospects and Issues

Eklund, Sigvard Korean Nuclear Society 1979 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.11 No.1

Novel thermoelectric thin film nitrides by theory and experiments

Per EKLUND 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Athlete Burnout: What We Know, What We Could Know, and How We Can Find Out More

( Robert C. Eklund ),( J. D. Defreese ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2015 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.27 No.2

Although many, likely most, athletes will not experience burnout in any meaningful degree in their sport endeavors, it can be an important concern for the psychological health and well-being of some athletes choosing to invest intensely in highly demanding competitive sport environments. This aversive chronic experiential state is of interest to clinicians and researchers alike because of its impact on athletes experiencing its characterizing symptoms. The phenomenon of burnout has been discussed and investigated in broader professional environments since the early 1970s (Freudenberg, 1974), but has only been a construct of interest among sport scientists, professionals and participants for about the last 25-30 years (see Smith, 1986; Dale & Weinberg, 1990 for early discussions of athlete burnout). After approximately a quarter century of examination, it is appropriate to take stock of the accumulated research on the athlete burnout construct at large. The purpose of the current review is threefold in nature. We start by remembering the important, groundbreaking athlete burnout research of the past but, guided by the prose of Walt Whitman, move on to outline potential future directions as “much unseen” remains relative to the understanding, conceptualization, and intervention/prevention of athlete burnout. Finally, we consider suggestions for how to unearth future burnout knowledge and/or implement the potential interventions outlined herein. So, while important conceptualizations and empirical studies in the area are reviewed, much of this information is delimited by reference to already available excellent reviews of athlete burnout research; although, some research immerging in the interim is also considered. Our goal is to take stock of the conceptual understanding and extant research on athlete burnout and to spark future research and practice as described herein by other researchers and clinicians. An endeavor of that sort inherently requires provision of some initial commentary on the construct and its development.

Gender Attitudes among “Involuntary” Bachelors and Married Men in Disadvantaged and High Sex Ratio Settings

Isabelle Attane,Lisa Eklund,Qunlin Zhang 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2018 Asian Women Vol.34 No.3

Compared to class relations, gender relations in high sex ratio contexts are understudied. Drawing on data from a survey conducted in rural southern Shaanxi, China, in 2014–2015, this article aims to assess if the section of the never-married male population who wishes to marry but face difficulties in achieving this goal is more or less gender equal in their attitudes than married men and, if so, in what aspects. Results provide further evidence that the role of the husband as the main economic support of the family and that of the wife, centered on the domestic sphere, remain firmly rooted in attitudes. However, the same results indicate that men who are squeezed out of marriage are not only the least endowed in socioeconomic capital but are also more likely than married men to confine women to their roles as wives and mothers; the “involuntary” bachelors report more conservative gender attitudes than their married counterparts mainly because they are less educated, more conservative with respect to other norms, and not exposed to marital life. All things being equal, marriage tends to make men more gender equal. In parallel, the involuntary bachelors make more demands on women’s economic contribution to the household; this sheds light on the stratifying effect of marriage as the marriage-squeezed men seek to escape poverty through marriage.

The Concept of Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibilities: Principles and Application in Feed Ingredients for Piglets

Urbaityte, R.,Mosenthin, R.,Eklund, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.8

In this review, the terminology that is used to describe ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in piglet feed ingredients is defined. If one accepts that the determination of AA digestibilities should be based on the ileal analysis method, one should consider that ileal digesta contains variable amounts of endogenous crude protein (CP), which originates mainly from digestive secretions, sloughedoff epithelial cells and mucins. The ileal endogenous CP and AA losses are separated into basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses ($IAAL_{B}$), which are not influenced by the feed ingredient composition, and specific ileal endogenous CP and AA losses ($IAAL_{S}$), which are induced by feed ingredient characteristics such as level and type of fiber and anti-nutritional factors (ANF). Depending how ileal endogenous CP and AA losses are considered in the measurement of CP and AA digestibilities, digestibility values are expressed as apparent (AID), standardized (SID), or true (TID) ileal digestibilities of CP and AA. The main concern associated with the use of AID values in diet formulation for pigs is that they are not additive in mixtures of feed ingredients. Consequently, the concept of standardized ileal CP and AA digestibilities was introduced by correcting AID values for basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses ($IAAL_{B}$). The correction for both $IAAL_{B}$ and $IAAL_{S}$ yields TID values, however, routine procedures to measure $IAAL_{S}$ are not yet available. In principle, SID values should be preferred, because they represent the fundamental properties of the feed ingredient. There exist only few reports on SID of CP and AA in feedstuffs frequently used in piglet nutrition. These include soybeans (SB), soybean meal (SBM), soy proteins (SP), soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy protein isolate (SPI), corn gluten (CG), wheat gluten (WG), pea protein (PeaP), potato protein (PotP), fish meal (FM) and whey proteins (WP), but the results obtained are inconsistent. Differences in SID values within feed ingredients may, at least in part, be attributed to different processing conditions or inherent differences of the assay feed ingredients. Moreover, there is some evidence that the determination of SID values and $IAAL_{B}$ in piglets may be confounded by the dietary CP level of the assay diet, age and (or) body weight (BW), the level of feed intake or the methodological approach used to determine $IAAL_{B}$.

운동선수 탈진 질문지의 동일성과 잠재평균 분석

최헌혁(Choi, Hun-Hyuk),Robert C. Eklund,조승관(Cho, Seong-Kwan) 한국웰니스학회 2017 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 Raedeke와 Smith(2001)가 스포츠 상황에서 개발한 운동선수 탈진 측정도구를 바탕으로 국내 운동선수 탈진 질문지의 측정동일성을 검증하고, 더불어 집단간의 잠재평균 차이를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 운동선수 531명(남자 314명, 여자 227명)으로부터 탈진을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계, 상관관계 분석을 실시하였고, AMOS 22.0프로그램을 활 용하여 확인적 요인분석, 다집단 분석(multi-group analysis)을 통하여 집단 간의 동일성을 검증하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 3요인 15문항으로 구성된 측정모형이 적합한 것으로 확인되었다(x² =271.865, df=124, TLI=.940, CFI=.952, RMSEA=.047). 다집단 분석결과, 운동선수 성별 간에 탈진의 측정동일성(형태동일성, 측정동일성, 절편동일성, 요인분산동일성)이 검증되었으며, 이러한 결과는 운동선수 탈진 질문지를 성별에 관계없이 공통으로 사용될 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 잠재평균 분석 결과, 운동선수 탈진의 세 가지 하위요인 성취감 저하, 정서 · 신체적 소진, 스포츠평가절하 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 남자보다 여자 선수가 높은 수준이었다. 효과크기는 중간수준으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 운동선수 탈진의 측정동일성 검증과 잠재평균분석의 통계적 의미와 스포츠 상황에서 운동선수 탈진에 대한 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the validation and reliability of the Korean version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire(Raedek & Smith, 2001). A total of 531 Korean collegiate athletes (314 males and 227 females) were recruited. Descriptive statistics and correlations were calculated using SPSS 22.0. Additionally, AMOS 22.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and multi-group analysis to evaluate its factorial invariance across gender. The results of the CFA indicated that the model fit of the ABQ-Kr containing 15 items was acceptable(x²=271.865, df=124, TLI=.940, CFI=.952, RMSEA=.047). The multi-group CFA showed that the ABQ-Kr could be generalizable across gender. The latent factor mean invariances showed the female group had significantly higher means on all three factors(i.e., reduced sense of accomplishment, emotional and physical exhaustion, and sport devaluation) in the ABQ-Kr comparing to the male group. The results of this study provide useful information to understand and measure burnout in athletes. Suggestions for future research on athlete burnout are provided.

한국의 온천학적 이탄 연구

정용기,박성윤,Riitta Korhonen,Mikael Eklund 대한지질학회 2010 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.

The Effects of Cellulose, Pectin and Starch on Standardized Ileal and Apparent Total Tract Amino Acid Digestibilities and Bacterial Contribution of Amino Acids in Feces of Growing Pigs

Ma, Q.G.,Metzler, B.U.,Eklund, M.,Ji, C.,Mosenthin, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.6

Eight ileally cannulated pigs (BW $35.9{\pm}0.9kg$) were randomly allotted according to a $4{\times}3$ Latin square design to determine the effects of cellulose, pectin and starch on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) as well as on the bacterial AA contribution in feces. The pigs were fed the control diet (20.2% CP, % dry matter (DM)) or one of the three experimental diets in which 25% of the control diet was substituted by cellulose, starch or pectin. Due to this substitution, dietary CP levels were lower in the cellulose (15.5% CP, % DM), pectin (15.4% CP, % DM) and starch diet (15.2% CP, % DM). Following a 15-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 5 d and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. Starch increased SID of CP, while cellulose and pectin had no significant effect on the digestibility of CP. Overall, starch supplementation resulted in higher (p<0.05) SID values of histidine, isoleucine, threonine, alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine and serine compared with cellulose, while pectin decreased (p<0.05) SID of valine and proline compared with the starch and control diet. Both cellulose and pectin reduced (p<0.05) the ATTD of CP and AA, while starch decreased (p<0.05) ATTD of phenylalanine, alanine, proline and serine compared with the control. With regard to bacterial AA composition of the fecal mixed bacterial mass (MBM), cellulose supplementation increased (p<0.05) its content of N and almost all AA, except for valine, while pectin caused higher contents of arginine, histidine and proline compared with the control (p<0.05). The bacterial contribution of arginine in feces was higher (p<0.05) in the cellulose treatment, while pectin reduced (p<0.05) the bacterial contribution of leucine, alanine, glutamic acid and proline in feces compared with the control. In conclusion, the effects of cellulose, starch and pectin on SID were rather small. Bacterial activity in the large intestine can only explain the reduced ATTD values for arginine in the cellulose treatment, but not for the other AA in the cellulose and pectin treatments, suggesting higher endogenous losses of these AA in the large intestine.

Channel Electrode Voltammetric and In Situ Electrochemical ESR Studies of Comproportionation of Methyl Viologen in Acetonitrile

Lee, Ji U,John C. Eklund,Robert A. W. Dryfe,Richard G. Compton Korean Chemical Society 1996 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.17 No.2

Two redox processes of methyl viologen (+2/+, +/0) in acetonitrile were investigated by using channel electrode voltammetric and in situ electrochemical ESR methods. Two separated unequal plateau currents of the first (+2/+) and second (+/0) redox processes of the viologen were observed in the channel electrode voltammograms and showed a cube-root depedndence on the electrolyte flow rate, respectively. The simple Levich analysis resulted in two different diffusion coefficients of $D_{+2}=2.2{\times}10^{-5}\;cm^2/s$ and $D_+=3.0{\times}10^{-5}cm^2/s$ from the limiting currents. In situ electrochemical ESR studies were performed for the monocation radicals generated at the potentials of the two plateau currents in the electrolyte flow range $1.3{\times}10^{-1}{\geq}v_f{\geq}2.7{\times}10^{-3}\;cm^3/s$. Backward implicitfinite difference method was employed to simulate the electrochemical kinetic problem of two sequential electron transfers ($MV^{+2}+e{\leftrightarrows}MV^+,\;MV^{+}+e{\leftrightarrows}MV^0$) coupled with reversible comproportionation ($MV^{2+}+MV^0{{\leftrightarrows}^{k_f}_{k_b}}2MV^+$). $k_f$ was found to be greater than ($10^6M^{-1}s^{-1}.