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Preliminary Experiments on Cloning of Collagenase from C. histolyticum
Han, Song,Seifter, Sam The Official Publication of Korean Academy of Oral 1993 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.17 No.2
Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum was purified to homogeneity using several column chromatographic methods in the presence of protease inhibitors. The purified enzyme migrated as one band in SDSPAGE with an apparent Mr of 110,000 and in several test systems, did not exhibit any other proteolytic activity. Automatic Edman degradation of the protein revealed that the primary structure of the aminoterminal region of the protein was IANTNSEKYDFEYLNGL. The protein was cleaved with CNBr and the resulting CNBr peptides were separated by HPLC. A polyclonal antibody against the enzyme was raised and its titer determined on a slot blot using an ABC detection method. DNA from C. histolyticum was prepared, digested partially with Sau3AI and inserted onto a multiple cloning site of the vector plasmid pBluescript SK(-). Host E. coli strain XL1 Blue transformed with the recombinant plasmids was screened with an oligonucleotide probe; several positive clones were thereby revealed.
Schinckel, A.P.,Einstein, M.E.,Jungst, S.,Matthews, J.O.,Fields, B.,Booher, C.,Dreadin, T.,Fralick, C.,Tabor, S.,Sosnicki, A.,Wilson, E.,Boyd, R.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.4
Pigs from four sire lines were allocated to a series of low energy (LE, 3.15 to 3.21 Mcal ME/kg) corn-soybean meal-based diets with 16% wheat midds or high energy diets (HE, 3.41 to 3.45 Mcal ME/kg) with 4.5 to 4.95% choice white grease. All diets contained 6% DDGS. The HE and LE diets of each of the four phases were formulated to have equal lysine:Mcal ME ratios. Barrows (N = 2,178) and gilts (N = 2,274) were fed either high energy (HE) or low energy (LE) diets from 27 kg BW to target BWs of 118, 127, 131.5 and 140.6 kg. Carcass primal and subprimal cut weights were collected. The cut weights and carcass measurements were fitted to allometric functions (Y = A $CW^B$) of carcass weight. The significance of diet, sex or sire line with A and B was evaluated by linearizing the equations by log to log transformation. The effect of diet on A and B did not interact with sex or sire line. Thus, the final model was cut weight = (1+$b_D$(Diet)) A($CW^B$) where Diet = -0.5 for the LE and 0.5 for HE diets and A and B are sire line-sex specific parameters. Diet had no affect on loin, Boston butt, picnic, baby back rib, or sparerib weights (p>0.10, $b_D$ = -0.003, -0.0029, 0.0002, 0.0047, -0.0025, respectively). Diet affected ham weight (bD = -0.0046, p = 0.01), belly weight (bD = 0.0188, p = 0.001) three-muscle ham weight ($b_D$ = -0.014, p = 0.001), boneless loin weight (bD = -0.010, p = 0.001), tenderloin weight ($b_D$ = -0.023, p = 0.001), sirloin weight ($b_D$ = -0.009, p = 0.034), and fat-free lean mass ($b_D$ = -0.0145, p = 0.001). Overall, feeding the LE diets had little impact on primal cut weight except to decrease belly weight. Feeding LE diets increased the weight of lean trimmed cuts by 1 to 2 percent at the same carcass weight.
Schinckel, A.P.,Einstein, M.E.,Jungst, S.,Matthews, J.O.,Booher, C.,Dreadin, T.,Fralick, C.,Wilson, E.,Boyd, R.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.3
A trial was conducted to: i) evaluate the BW growth, energy intakes and energetic efficiency of pigs fed high and low density diets from 27 to 141 kg BW, ii) evaluate sire line and sex differences when fed both diets, and iii) to compare ME to NE as predictor of pig performance. The experiment had a replicated factorial arrangement of treatments including four sire lines, two sexes (2,192 barrows and 2,280 gilts), two dietary energy densities and a light or heavy target BW, 118 and 131.5 kg in replicates 1 to 6 and 127 and 140.6 kg in replicates 7 to 10. Pigs were allocated to a series of low energy (LE, 3.27 Mcal ME/kg) corn-soybean meal based diets with 16% wheat midds or high energy diets (HE, 3.53 to 3.55 Mcal ME/kg) with 4.5 to 4.95% choice white grease. All diets contained 6% DDGS. The HE and LE diets of each of the four phases were formulated to have equal lysine:Mcal ME ratios. Pigs were weighed and pen feed intake (11 or 12 pigs/pen) recorded at 28-d intervals. The barrow and gilt daily feed (DFI), ME (MEI) and NE (NEI) intake data were fitted to a Bridges function of BW. The BW data of each sex were fitted to a generalized Michaelis-Menten function of days of age. ME and NE required for maintenance (Mcal/d) were predicted using functions of BW (0.255 and 0.179 BW^0.60 respectively). Pigs fed LE diets had decreased ADG (915 vs. 945 g/d, p<0.001) than pigs fed HE diets. Overall, DFI was greater (p<0.001) for pigs fed the LE diets (2.62 vs. 2.45 kg/d). However, no diet differences were observed for MEI (8.76 vs. 8.78 Mcal/d, p = 0.49) or NEI (6.39 vs. 6.44 Mcal/d, p = 0.13), thereby indicating that the pigs compensated for the decreased energy content of the diet. Overall ADG:DFI (0.362 vs. 0.377) and ADG:Mcal MEI (0.109 vs. 0.113) was less (p<0.001) for pigs fed LE compared to HE diets. Pigs fed HE diets had 3.6% greater ADG:Mcal MEI above maintenance and only 1.3% greater ADG:Mcal NEI (0.152 versus 0.150), therefore NEI is a more accurate predictor of growth and G:F than MEI.Pigs fed HE diets had 3.4% greater ADG:Mcal MEI and 0.11% greater ADG:NEI above maintenance than pigs fed LE diets, again demonstrating that NEI is a better predictor of pig performance than MEI. Pigs fed LE diets had similar daily NEI and MEI but grew slower and less efficiently on both ME and NE basis than pigs fed HE diets. The data suggest that the midds NE value (2.132 Mcal/kg) was too high for this source or that maintenance was increased for pigs fed LE diets.
터널의사결정체계 (DAT)를 이용한 도로터널의 시공 시뮬레이션 연구
민상윤,김택곤,H.H.Einstein,이준석,김호영 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2003 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.5 No.2
Applicability of the Decision Aids for Tunneling (DAT) technique is investigated in this study to better understand the efficiency of the decision making process during tunnel construction. For this, a traffic tunnel under construction is adopted and information on the construction procedure, i.e., overall geology, unit cost and construction time for each excavation process, is provided periodically. Various scattergrams in which cost-time simulation results are plotted are obtained according to the simulation methods and final prediction on the construction time/cost is made. It is found that the uncertainty in the cost distribution is greater than the uncertainty in the time distribution for each cycle simulation and the uncertainties in time and cost for the one time simulations are comparable. Future work will be concentrated on the updating scheme using the face mapping data and various parametric studies will also be performed. 터널의사결정체계중의 하나인 DAT기법의 효용성 평가를 위해서 현재 시공중인 2차로 병설터널현장에 적용하였다. 이를 위해 지질조건, 굴착패턴, 설계단가 등으로부터 지질모듈과 시공모듈 자료를 입력하고, 병설터널 시공과정 모사를 위해 위치별로 다양한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과 다양한 공기-공사비 분포를 얻을 수 있었으며, 각 시공과정마다 각기 다른 분포 특성을 분석하였다. “each cycle” 시뮬레이션은 공기분포에 비해 공사비의 불확실성 분포가 더 크게 나타났으며, “one time” 시뮬레이션에 비해 공기분포의 불확실성은 작게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 향후 현장자료의 지속적인 갱신과 다양한 매개변수 연구를 통해 이러한 불확실성을 줄여나갈 것이다.
THE GALAXY-BLACK HOLE CONNECTION IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE
Schawinski, Kevin,Fellow, Einstein The Korean Astronomical Society 2010 天文學論叢 Vol.25 No.3
Recent results from large surveys of the local universe show that the galaxy-black hole connection is linked to host morphology at a fundamental level and that there are two fundamentally different modes of black hole growth. The fraction of early-type galaxies with actively growing black holes, and therefore the AGN duty cycle, declines significantly with increasing black hole mass. Late-type galaxies exhibit the opposite trend: the fraction of actively growing black holes increases with black hole mass. Issues of AGN selection bias and prospects for near-future efforts with high redshift data are discussed.