Performance Analysis of Coded Cooperation over Rician Fading Channel

Durai Thirupathi,Sungil Kim,Jaeyoung Lee,Jun Heo 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

User cooperation in wireless communication makes the users cooperate each other by using other users as a relay. A new scheme called coded cooperation was suggested by using user cooperation and channel codes simultaneously. In this scheme, each user partition its data, and the partitioned data is sent by the user’s and partner(another user)’s antennas, respectively. In previous works, it was verified that this coded cooperation have better performance than other relay schemes in Rayleigh fading channel. In this paper, we will show the performance analysis of coded cooperation in Rician fading channel. We develop the bound of bit-error-rate(BER) of coded cooperation in various Rician factor(K).

Functional Recovery Following the Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model

Durai Murugan Muniswami,George Tharion 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.6

Study Design: Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) from rat olfactory mucosa were cultured, characterized, and transplanted into a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Purpose: To evaluate different doses of OECs in a rat model of SCI. Overview of Literature: SCI causes permanent functional deficit because the central nervous system lacks the ability to perform spontaneous repair. Cell therapy strategies are being explored globally. The clinical use of human embryonic stem cell is hampered by ethical controversies. Alternatively, OECs are a promising cell source for neurotransplantation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of allogenic OEC transplantation in a rat model of SCI. Methods: OECs were cultured from the olfactory mucosa of Albino Wistar rats; these cells were characterized using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6 rats each). In each group, different dosage (2×105, 5×105, 10×105, and >10×105) of cultured cells were transplanted into experimentally injured spinal cords of rat models. However, in the SCI group, only DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium) was injected. Rats were followed up upto 8 weeks post-transplantation. The outcome of transplantation was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale; motor-evoked potential studies; and histological examination. Results: Cultured cells expressed 41% of p75NTR, a marker for OEC, and 35% of anti-fibronectin, a marker for olfactory nerve fibroblast. These cells also expressed S100β and glial fibrillary acid protein of approximately 75% and 83%, respectively. All the transplanted groups showed promising BBB scores for hind-limb motor recovery compared with the SCI group (p <0.05). A motor-evoked potential study showed increased amplitude in all the treated groups compared with the SCI. Green fluorescent protein-labeled cells survived in the injured cord, suggesting their role in the transplantation-mediated repair. Transplantation of 5×105 cells showed the best motor outcomes among all the doses. Conclusions: OECs demonstrated a therapeutic effect in rat models with the potential for future clinical applications.

Structure and dynamic behavior of T oll‐like receptor 2 subfamily triggered by malarial glycosylphosphatidylinositols of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>

Durai, Prasannavenkatesh,Govindaraj, Rajiv Gandhi,Choi, Sangdun Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the Feder 2013 The FEBS journal Vol.280 No.23

<P>Proinflammatory responses by Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) to malaria infection are considered to be a significant factor in suppressing pathogen growth and in disease control. The key protozoan parasite <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> causes malaria through glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs), which induce the host immune response mainly via TLR2 signalling. Experimental studies have suggested that malarial GPIs from <I>P. falciparum</I> are recognized by the TLR2 subfamily. However, the interaction site and their involvement in the activation mechanism are still unknown. A better understanding of the detailed structure of the TLR–GPI interaction is important for the design of more effective anti‐malarial therapeutics. We used a molecular docking method to predict the binding regions of malarial GPIs with the TLR2 subfamily members. We also employed molecular dynamics simulations and principal component analysis to understand ligand‐induced conformational changes of the TLR2 subfamily. We observed the expected structural changes upon ligand binding, and significant movements were found in loop regions located in the ligand‐binding site of the TLR2 subfamily. We further propose that the binding modes of malarial GPIs are similar to lipopeptides, and that the lipid portions of the ligands could play an essential role in selective dimerization of the TLR2 subfamily.</P>

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control

Durai, Prasannavenkatesh,Batool, Maria,Shah, Masaud,Choi, Sangdun Nature Publishing Group 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.8

<P>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and multiorgan dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the infected individuals. MERS-CoV is thought to be transmitted to humans through dromedary camels. The occurrence of the virus was first reported in the Middle East and it subsequently spread to several parts of the world. Since 2012, about 1368 infections, including ~487 deaths, have been reported worldwide. Notably, the recent human-to-human ‘superspreading' of MERS-CoV in hospitals in South Korea has raised a major global health concern. The fatality rate in MERS-CoV infection is four times higher compared with that of the closely related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Currently, no drug has been clinically approved to control MERS-CoV infection. In this study, we highlight the potential drug targets that can be used to develop anti-MERS-CoV therapeutics.</P>

Stimulus-Induced Shrinkage in Electrospun Polymeric Fibres: An Investigation on Thickness of Prestretched Shell and Prestrain via Finite Element Analysis

Durai Aadithiya,Fei Yu Fang,Han Wang,Wei Min Huang 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.2

In this paper, finite element simulation (via ANSYS) is applied to systematically reveal the influence of the shell thicknessand prestrain in the shell on stimulus-induced shrinkage in electrospun polymeric fibres. The stimulus-induced shrinkage issimulated as cooling-induced shrinkage in the prestrained shell in the prestrained direction, while in the transverse direction,the shell expands accordingly to ensure there is no volume change in the shell, except elastic deformation. The maximumshrinkage corresponds to the prestrain in the shell. The inner core is without prestrain, and thus, there is no shrinkage/expansion in any direction. An initial small curvature is introduced into the simply supported fibres to avoid the problemof buckling conditions/mode, et al. Within the range of this study, it is found that Young’s modulus, length of the fibre andboundary conditions have little effect on the final relative axial shrinkage. The prestrain in the shell is always more than thefinal relative axial shrinkage. The final relative axial shrinkage strongly depends on the diameter of the electrospun fibres,and hence, we may base on this feature to experimentally determine the shell thickness and prestrain in the shell.

Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans Exposed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus

( Durai Sellegounder ),( Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian ),( Krishnaswamy Balamurugan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.10

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which owes its origin to the marine environment, is considered as one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea worldwide. The present study investigated the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus against the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Infection in the host was localized with GFP-tagged V. parahaemolyticus using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The times required for causing infection, bacterial load in intestine, chemotactic response, and alteration in pharyngeal pumping were analyzed in the host system. In addition, the regulation of innate immune-related genes, lys-7, clec- 60, and clec-87, was analyzed using real-time PCR. The role of immuneresponsible pmk-1 was studied using mutant strains. The pathogenicity of environmental strain CM2 isolated from the Gulf of Mannar, India was compared with that of a reference strain obtained from ATCC. The pathogen infected animals appeared to ward off infection by upregulating candidate antimicrobial genes for a few hours after the exposure, before succumbing to the pathogen. For the first time, the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus at both the physiological and molecular levels has been studied in detail using the model organism C. elegans.

Electrochemical properties of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles: Anode material for sodium-ion battery application

Durai, L.,Moorthy, B.,Issac Thomas, C.,Kyung Kim, D.,Kamala Bharathi, K. Pergamon 2017 Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol.68 No.-

We report on synthesis and possibilities of utilizing BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> (BFO) nanoparticles and bulk materials as an anode component for sodium (Na) ion batteries. XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements shows that as synthesized BFO exhibits rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals that conversion redox mechanism takes place at first discharge and subsequently two alloying process. The specific capacity of BFO bulk material is seen to be 650 mAh/g at first cycle and gradually decreases to 250 mAh/g after 30 cycles (0.1C rate). After 30 cycles, capacity fading takes place very slowly and is observed to be 180 mAh/g at 100th cycle. The discharge capacity of BFO material at different current rates is carried out and the better performance is seen at the current rates of 25mA/g. The conversion reaction mechanism during the electrochemical reaction in BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> is probed by combining ex-situ XRD and XPS measurements after electrochemical cycling. CV of BFO nanoparticles exhibit very stable performance. Whereas, the charge discharge curve shows similar capacity fading as the bulk BFO. High initial capacity of BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> gives an indication that it can be utilized as an anode component for Na ion batteries after stabilizing the capacity fading.

Biophysical Studies Reveal Key Interactions between Papiliocin-Derived PapN and Lipopolysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria

( Prasannavenkatesh Durai ),( Yeongjoon Lee ),( Jieun Kim ),( Dasom Jeon ),( Yangmee Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.5

Papiliocin, isolated from the swallowtail butterfly (Papilio xuthus), is an antimicrobial peptide with high selectivity against gram-negative bacteria. We previously showed that the N-terminal helix of papiliocin (PapN) plays a key role in the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of papiliocin. In this study, we measured the selectivity of PapN against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, as well as its anti-inflammatory activity. Interactions between Trp2 of PapN and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, were studied using the Trp fluorescence blue shift and quenching in LPS micelles. Furthermore, using circular dichroism, we investigated the interactions between PapN and LPS, showing that LPS plays critical roles in peptide folding. Our results demonstrated that Trp2 in PapN was buried deep in the negatively charged LPS, and Trp2 induced the α-helical structure of PapN. Importantly, docking studies determined that predominant electrostatic interactions of positively charged arginine residues in PapN with phosphate head groups of LPS were key factors for binding. Similarly, hydrophobic interactions by aromatic residues of PapN with fatty acid chains in LPS were also significant for binding. These results may facilitate the development of peptide antibiotics with anti-inflammatory activity.

Stroke Epidemiology and Stroke Care Services in India

Jeyaraj Durai Pandian,Paulin Sudhan 대한뇌졸중학회 2013 Journal of stroke Vol.15 No.3

Developing countries like India are facing a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. The estimated adjusted prevalence rate of stroke range, 84-262/100,000 in rural and 334-424/ 100,000 in urban areas. The incidence rate is 119-145/100,000 based on the recent population based studies. There is also a wide variation in case fatality rates with the highest being 42% in Kolkata. Stroke units are predominantly available in urban areas that too in private hospitals. Intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial thrombolysis (IA) are commonly used in India. In the on-going Indo USA National stroke registry the rate of IV thrombolysis is 11%. Stroke rehabilitation is not well developed in India due to lack of personnel. Organised rehabilitation services are available in the country but they are mainly in private hospitals of the cities. Even though India is a leading generic drugs producer still many people can’t afford the commonly used secondary prevention drugs. As a first step the Government of India has started the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS). The government is focusing on early diagnosis, management, infrastructure, public awareness and capacity building at different levels of health care for all the non-communicable diseases including stroke. An organised effort from both the government and the private sector is needed to tackle the stroke epidemic in India.

Recent advances in 2-D nanostructured metal nitrides, carbides, and phosphides electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors – A brief review

Theerthagiri, Jayaraman,Durai, Govindarajan,Karuppasamy, K.,Arunachalam, Prabhakarn,Elakkiya, Venugopal,Kuppusami, Parasuraman,Maiyalagan, Thandavarayan,Kim, Hyun-Seok THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING 2018 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY -S Vol.67 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Supercapacitors (SCs) has gained an impressive concentration by the researchers due to its advantages such as high energy and power densities, long cyclic life, rapid charge–discharge rates, low maintenance and desirable safety. Hence it has been widely utilized in energy storage and conversion devices. Among the different components of SC, electrodes play a vital role in the performances of SCs. In this review, we present the recent advances in 2-D nanostructured metal nitrides, carbides, and phosphides based materials for SC electrodes. Finally, the electrochemical stability and designing approach for the future advancement of the electrode materials are also highlighted.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>