통제와 PRO의 특성

김형덕 金烏工科大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to show that the definition of PRO as a pronominal anaphor necessitates other theoretical stipulations which are otherwise not needed. I shall present a theory of control which does not assume this definition of PRO. I will attempt to show that this theory is empirically preferable to other control theories, and that there is no loss of empirical adequacy in other areas of grammar. The arguments of this study are presented to support the conclusion that PRO need not be ungoverned. The arguments of this study are presented to support the conclusion that PRO need not be ungoverned. This is necessary only if PRO is a pronominal anaphor, a characterization I argue to be incorrect. As there is no reason to require that PRO be ungoverned, there is no need to stipulate that maximal projections block government. This immediately makes unnecessary any rule of S′-deletion. While the formulation of th-government will in fact not require that PRO be governed (in the sense of Aoun and Sportiche, Chomsky), what is important is that acceptance of the arguments presented here will result in a simpler grammar without any loss in descriptive adesquacy, and perhaps with some gain in that respect.

環境犯罪에 대한 效率的인 刑事制裁

金炯德 順天大學校 1991 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.10 No.-

In our country, the countermeasure against environmental pollution mainly has depended upon the administrative regulation and the sanction against environmental crime has been executed primarily to ensure the efficiency of environmental administration. But in general view of the foreign countries, it is the criminal law that generally copes with the serious environmental crime. This paper aims to regulate the environmental pollution in the viewpoint of environmental crime. For that purpose, first, I attempt to reveal the basic problems of environmental crime. Second, the practical enforcement of the environmental criminal law is examined deeply. In conclusion, it is desirable to recognize the independence of environmental crime and criminal law and prescribe them in the penal code. The environmental crime should be coped with by the efficient measures. For that, the environmental crime should be dealt with in the same way of denting with the traditional and typical crime and the strict prosecution should be carried out. And our people's continual concern as well as the cooperation between the environmental administrative agencies and investigation facilities is needed above all.

공범주와 의미역 지배

金炯德 金烏工科大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This paper aims to show that empty elements such as NP-trace and WH-trace can be explained by the thematic-government principle with the contextual approach for PRO. The th-government principle clearly takes the contextual approach with respect to PRO. and, that th-government applies to all realizations of the EC. If PRO is th-government then it will function as an anaphor; otherwise, it will function pronominally. Control theory is made up of semantic principles which determine which argument of a predicate serves as antecedent for OC PRO. I would like to develop it with sespect to NP-trace and then with sespect to WH-trace. The th-government principle will be extended so that first it may distinguish pronominals from anaphors, and then determine what type of antecedent is required as well as where that antecedent must appear.

황사에 기인한 제주지역 대기 에어로졸 금속 성분의 농도 변화 및 특성 조사

김원형,강창희,양경희,한성빈,정덕상 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

1998년부터 2001년까지 제주도 고산에서 대기 에어로졸을 채취, 분석하여 봄철 황사기간 동안의 금속성분 농도와 특성을 조사하였다. 분석기간동안의 평균 농도는 S>Na>Ca>Fe>K>Mg>Zn>Pb>Ti>Mn>V>Ba>Sr>Cu>Ni>Cr>Mo>Cd>Co의 순이었으며, 특히 Al, Ca, Fe, Fe, K, Ti, Ba, Sr의 농도가 황사기간에 각각 10.5, 9.9, 10.3, 5.6, 5.1, 6.5, 5.6배 증가하였다. 대부분의 토양성분들, 특히 Al, Fe, Ca 금속성분은 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 농축인자에 의한 조사결과 Ca, Fe, Cd, Ti, K, Mg 금속 성분들은 주로 토양으로부터 기인하는 반면 Pb, Mn, Ni, Cu, V, Cr, Co, Zn, Na 성분들은 다른 요인에 기인하였다. 요인분석 결과 고산지역의 에어로졸은 토양의 영향을 주로 받고 있으며 그 다음으로는 인위적 및 해염의 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 풍향별 분석으로부터 대부분의 에어로졸 금속 성분들이 주로 북서계열 풍향의 영향을 받고 있으며 이는 한반도뿐만 아니라 중국 대륙으로부터의 장거리 유입 가능성을 시사하고 있다. The atmospheric aerosols have been collected at Gosan in Jeju during 1998 to 2001, and their metal components have been analyzed in order to investigate the characteristics and concentration variations during the Yellow Sand periods. The mean concentration of metal components including sulfur were in the order of S>Na>Ca>Fe>K>Mg>Zn>Pb>Ti>Mn>V>Ba>Sr>Cu>Ni>Cr>Mo>Cd>Co. The soil originate Al, Ca, Fe, K were increased as 10.5, 9.9, 10.3, 5.6 times, respectively during yellows Sand periods, and Ti, Ba, Sr were also increased as 5.1, 6.5, 5.6 times, respectively. Most of the soil components, in particular, Al, Fe, Ca, showed high correlation coefficients. The enrichment factors show Ca, Fe, Cd, Ti, K, Mg in aerosols are originated mostly from the soil, whereas the metals such as Pb, Mn, Ni, Cu, V, Cr, Co, Zn, and Na are from other possible sources rater than soil. The factor analysis shows the metals of the aerosols at Gosan are originated primarily due to the soil, followed by authropogenic and somehow sea-salt factors. The wind direction study showed most of the aerosol metal components increased with the northwest wind, indicating the possible transportation of air pollutants from China as well as the Korean peninsula.

경북지역 사회체육활동 실태와 활성화 방안

노형철,이덕성 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1997 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The results of the study, centering on sport and leisure facilities in Kyeong-Puk province, are as follows. 1. Because sport and leisure facilities are concentrated upon private profit-making enterprises, the Participants have to bear the expenses and the time. Thus, we need to expand public facilities and to find out efficient opening plans of school facilities. 2. Most participants use sport and leisure facilities 2 times a week in the afternoon. 3. the Participants use vehicles to go to sport and leisure facilities and women much more use vehicles than men. 4. Because of easiness of access, not because of excellent exercise leader or cheapness of rental fee, many participants use the present sport and leisure facilities.

統制의 意味特性

김형덕 金烏工科大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper, Nishigauchi(1984) proposes a theory of control for NOC PRO based upon thematic relations. The differences between his account and similar previous accounts like that of Jackendoff (1972) are basically two. First, instead of assigning the goal of a matrix predicate as the controller of PRO in NOC contexts, Nishigauchi proposes a hierarchy of controllers, of which 'goal' is the highest. Second, Nishigauchi distinguishes instances of NOC PRO which are thematically controlled from those which are pragmatically controlled. In the process, I proposed that the distinction between thematic and pragmatic control is nonexistent. I have argued that direct object NPs may be interpreted as arguments of concealed propositions. Grimshaw's (1979) framework for analyzing concealed questions and exclamations may be generalized to account for concealed propositions. To this end I have suggested the mechanism (ⅰ) to yield a partial semantic representation. (ⅰ) ?? It was also suggested that (ⅰ) is an actual structure-building rule at the level of representation of SI-2 to which control principles can apply. Theta-theory also applies after pragmatic information has been processed. hence at SI-2 it follows that the subsystems of principles discussed by Chomsky (1981) are in principle unrestricted with respect to the domain of applicability.

水質汚染에 의한 貝類中 重金屬汚染에 관한 國際的 硏究

김형석,김덕만,이기태,Chiba Momoko,Teramoto Keiko 한국환경독성학회 1994 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The accumulation of heavy metals including Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn and Pb in various organs of shellfish which is the reasonable bio-indicator for hazardous substance contamination on lotic habitats with relatively limited mobility through waterbody was studied. Meretrix petechialis, Scapharca broughtonii, and Scapharca subcerenate from West Coast of Korea and Osaka Bay of Japan were selected to compare heavy metal contamination in adduct muscle, foot muscle, gill, mantle, and visceral organ of marine shellfish. Semisulcospira spp. from various area include West Coast of Korea and Han river were analyzed to compare heavy metal concentration in whole tissues between marine water and fresh water. A regional differences among Hong-chun, Kang-chon, Keum-nahm, Kah-pyung, Seo-rak, and Pal-dang of heavy metal concentration in Semisulcospira gottche was compared. There are significantly differences in mean concentration of Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Pb among organs and species of M. petechialis, S. broughtonii, and S. subcerenate (ANOVA -F=60.31, p<0.001; F=36.88, p<0.001; F=27.78, p<0.001; F=9.39, p<0.001; F=2.91, p<0.001, respectively). The highest mean concentration of Cd with 0.680ppm was observed in gill and the lowest mean concentration of Cd with 0.082ppm was observed in foot muscle. The mean concentration of Cd with 0.349ppm in S. broughtonii was significantly different from other two species with 0.255 and 0.175ppm. Both Cu and Mn were highly accumulated in gill and mantle compare to other organs. Both gill and mantle had significantly different mean Cu concentration with 4.937 and 4.950ppm, respectively compare to both adduct muscle and foot muscle with 2.129 and 2.029ppm, respectively after Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The mean concentration of Cu with 1.900ppm in S. broughtonii was significantly lower then those of other two species. Both Zn and Pb were highly accumulated in gill compare to other organs. The mean concentration of all tested heavy metals except Cu in S. broughtonii were significantly higher than those of other species. There are significantly differences in mean concentration of all tested heavy metal except Cd between whole tissue of marine Semisulcospira spp. and fresh water Semisulcospira spp. Fresh water Semisulcospira spp. had high mean concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Pb while marine Semisulcospira spp. had higher mean concentrations of Cu. The mean concentrations of all tested heavy metals except Pb in Semisulcospira gottche from various area in Han River was significantly different among sites. The mean concentration of Cd in S. gottcheu from Hong-ehun, Cu in S. gottcheu from Kang-chon and Kah -pyung, Mn in S. gottcheu from Kah-pyung and Paldang, and Zn in S. gottcheu from Pal -dang was higher than those of other sites.

자궁경부암에서 H-ras의 재배열과 v-mos의 증폭

김재형,함덕상,고복현,김대광 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

Uterine cervical cancer is the most common cancer of woman in Korea. To understand which oncogenes are involved in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix, author examined nine human tissues of squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix using Southern blotting techniques for five known oncogenes (H-ras, v-mos, erbB2, c-myc, K-ras). One of the nine tumors demonstrated a rearrangement of the H-ras oncogene. And amplification of v-mos was found in three tumors. The other oncogenes(erbB2, c-myc and K-ras) were the same pattern with the control. It is presumed that rearrangement of H-ras and amplifications of v-mos may be concerned to oncogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas of uterine cervix.

수동구문의 특성과 통제

김형덕 金烏工科大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This article provides a fully explicit modular analysis of the passive construction. I present a detailed account of this construction, based largely on data from English. I examine what the crucial properties of this construction are and how they are manifested in the Grammar of English. My approch makes it essential to pay close attention to the interaction of syntactic processes and morphological processes. I provide an explicit account of the interpretation of by-phrases in passive sentences and passive nominals and point out the differences and similarities between two constructions. I argue that so-called implicit arguments are not mapped onto an NP argument position, and I consider the phenomenon of "control" into purpose clauses by implicit arguments.

천장마감재를 겸한 슬래브 거푸집공법의 효용성 향상 방안

이형수,윤유상,서상욱,김창덕 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to present an improved the construction method of slab form combined with ceiling finish. The current integration construction method has some waste factors ; unnecessary process, rework, time & cost waste. Therefore the study applied the value stream analysis methodology for efficient improvement of current process. The main contents of the study are as follows ; 1) Waste factors of current process were analyzed through current state mapping(CSM). 2) An improved process was suggested through future state mapping(FSM). 3) Cost reduction effect by process improvement was also analyzed. The study recommends that development of technique to eliminate waste factors and application of the construction method of slab form combined with ceiling finish should be increased.