결절 홍반

원덕환,김영근 한국의학사 2000 診斷과治療 Vol.20 No.6

투습방수소재의 주관적 촉감 평가에 관한 연구

류덕환,조지현 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of subjective handle by consumers in waterproof and water vapor permeable coated fabrics. The survey was conducted by means of the sensory test during Jan. 15 to Mar. 15, 1999. Total 4032 data were collected including male, female, no major, and major people who are studying clothing and textile in college. Handle were observed by subjective method as the washing was repeated for 4 kinds of material which have different water vapor transmission, and the change of water vapor transmission each others. The data were analysed for t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, and Duncan multiple test. Consumers evaluated that water and water vapor permeable coated fabrics were less elasticity. There were little difference in wrinkles, thickness, and luster for polar adjective words. Clearer evaluation was shown by female group or major group than others. The results of factor analyses for 18 polar adjective words on subjective handle test yielded 4 factors, that were 'elastic property', 'surface property', 'thickness and weight property' and 'thermal and rigid property'. The surface properties were deteriorated remarkably as washing was repeated and significant difference were observed. Significant differences of subjective handle in 4 factors were shown in fabric types.

화운데이션 소재의 열 및 수분 전달 특성이 보온율에 미치는 영향

류덕환,정명선 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2003 科學論集 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of warmth ratio of heat and moisture transfer characteristics of foundation wear. For the study, five foundation knitted fabrics with different fiber types and blend ratio were selected. Heat and moisture transfer characteristics and mechanical characteristics of foundation knitted fabrics were measured by hot plate method, evaporation cup method, respectively. In addition, five all-in-one were made with five foundation knitted fabrics and the thermal resistance of them was measured by the thermal manikin. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The keeping warmth ratio of f1 and f5 were about 29% and significantly higher than the others(p <0.05). The reason for this was that f1 and f5 were made with the cotton and spun yarn which was bulker and had more dead air within their yam structure than the others made with synthetic filament yarns. However, the water moisture transmission rate of f2, f3 and f4 were a littler higher than that of f1 and f2 because of hydrophobic characteristics and high air permeability of synthetic yarn structures(f2, f3 and f4). 2. The thermal resistance of all-in-one made by f1 and f5 were higher than the others. This was the same result with the keeping warmth ratio of foundation knitted fabrics.

초음파 처리가 Polyester 직물의 알칼리 감량가공시 물성 및 Handle에 미치는 영향

류덕환,한교창 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1998 科學論集 Vol.24 No.-

The alkali process was first handled with changing both the process time(20, 30, 40, 60min) and the handling temperature(50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100℃), washed with distilled water, rising with 80℃ and 40℃ warm water in a serial order. Then the sample of the alkali processed one is put in nature dryness for more than 12 hours. Finally, it was fully dried for more than three hours in the 60℃ hot wind dryer. The appliances used in the ultrasonic weight-loss tester were JIU-600, BLT, 100volt(5A), 600W and 28KHz. I came to the following conclusion by measuring the ability of dying in the ultrasonic processed PET fabric, and its catabolistic distinctive features such as weight-loss rate, intensity, frictional pressure, air permeability, surface observation and mechanical property. 1. When I take advantage of the ultrasonic wave to get the same weight-loss rate, the processing time can be shortened by 5-6min and its temperature can be lowered by 4-5℃ 2. The air permeability rised as the weight-loss rate increases while the bending rigidity and hysteresis decrease. But those combined with the ultrasomec wave were revealed a little higher in the same weight-loss rate. Also, the tensile strength decreased in proportion to the weight-loss rate. The correlation is TS=-0.629WL+40.147. 3. The frictional pressure increased as the weight-loss rate increased and was found as the highest(15%). In the process, what is used in combination with the ultrasonic wave is about 9,000V, while what was opposite was about 8,500V. Such a change did not occur significantly in the case of more than 15%. 4. K/S is found as about 5.5 in the 20% weight-loss rate. But when it exceeded the point, it remained unchanged. Because the inner and outer alien materials of are thoroughly removed, the outlook of on the fabric surface was distinctly seen when it was used in combination with the ultrasonic wave. 5. THV(Total Hand Value) of fabric combined with the ultrasonic wave was found as about 4.0% higher than the one used in alkali processing itself Especially Shari Hand Value have greatly advanced.

도시와 농촌 비둘기 및 인체혈액중의 Vanadium 농도 산정에 관한 연구

문덕환,김준연,김정균 인제대학교 1985 仁濟論叢 Vol.1 No.1

This experiment determined the vanadium concentration in pigeon liver and lung tissues from rural and urban areas and .in bloods of workers (male 20, female 6) by carbon furnace Atomic Absorption spectrometry. The purpose of this experiment was in investigating the status of vanadium pollution in atmosphere. The summarized results were as follows : 1.The mean concentration of vanadium in pigeon liver and lung tissues from rural areas was 36.9±2.04ppb and 58.9±2.94ppb, respectively. 2.The mean concentration of vanadium in pigeon liver and lung tissues from urban areas was 64.0±2.62ppb and 91.7±4.26ppb, respectively. 3.The mean concentration of vanadium in pigeon liver and lung tissues from urban areas was more higher than that of rural (P〈0.05). 4.The mean concentration of vanadium in blood of workers(male 20, female 6) was 23.7±3.48ppb.

Poly(ρ-phenylenesulfide)와 Poly(ρ-phenylene)으로부터 제조된 탄소의 리튬 이온 2차전지 anode 재료로서의 전기화학적 특성

유덕영,이주성,박수길,변지형,류신환,정윤이 한양대학교 에너지·환경기술연구소 1998 에너지·環境技術論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Poly(p-phenylenesulfide)와 poly(p-phenylene)으로부터 제조된 탄소를 리튬이온 2차전지용 음극재료로 사용하여 전기화학적특성을 연구하였다. 이들 고분자들을 질소 분위기하에서 승온속도 2℃/min로 1000℃까지 상승시킨 후, 1시간 동안 탄화시켜 탄소를 제조하였다. Poly(p-phenylene)으로부터 제조된 탄소가 보다 더 규칙적인 구조를 가지기 때문에 Poly(p-phenylenesulfide)으로부터 제조된 탄소보다 더 많은 용량과 충방전 효율을 나타내었다. 수산화리튬과 염화주석(Ⅱ)을 첨가하여 용량의 증가와 충방전 효율의 증가를 가져올 수 있었다. 이중에서 poly(p-phenylene)에 염화주석(Ⅱ)을 첨가시켜 제조된 탄소가 가장 큰 충방전 용량과 충방전 효율의 향상을 가져왔다. Carbon inaterials manufactured from poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(p-phenylene), were studied on electrochemical characteristics as anode materials for lithium ion secondary battery. These polymer precursors were heat treated for 1hr at 1000℃ with the rate 2℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Carbon manufactured from poly(p-phenylene) showed higher capacity and coulomb efficiency of charge/discharge than carbon from poly(p-phenylene sulfide) because the former has better ordered structure. Carbon manufactured from polymer precursors adding stannous chloride or lithium hydroxide showed higher capacity and better efficiency of charge/discharge. Also, carbon manufactured by adding stannous chloride to poly(p-phenylene) showed the highest capacity and efficiency of charge/discharge.

Gromwell(자초)천연염료의 추출온도에 따른 염착량의 변화에 관한 연구

류덕환,김태은 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of the study was to determine the dyeing method and optimum dyeing condition with Gromwell natural dyes of cotton, viscose rayon, silk and wool fabric. First of all, characteristics of coloring ingredient extracted by the temperature form Gromwell were anlysed. Then, the depth of color change in terms of dyeing time(5∼60min) and temperature(40∼80℃) and pH(pH 4∼10) were evaluated. The results are as follows : 1. Gromwell solution was extracted with two different temperature conditions, 50℃ and 70℃. In Gromwell solution extracted at 50℃ and 70℃, the maximum absorbance wave length was shown in 526nm and 591nm, respectively. 2. According to the analysis of FT-IR spectrum with the temperature, it indicated that there was broad absorption peak at 3400cm^-1, C-H stretch vibration peak at 2900cm^-1, C=O of COOH stretch vibration peak at 1718cm^-1, CO_2 stretch vibration peak at 1400cm^-1 and C-O-C stretch vibration peak at 1400cm^-1. 3. Dye uptake of viscose rayon and cotton fabrics increased slowly with the dyeing time up to 30 min. and after that, reached to the saturation point, while dye uptake of silk and wool fabrics increased slowly with the time and after that, increased rapidly up to 50 min. 4. Dye uptake of all fabrics with pH 5 was the highest. In case of silk and wool fabrics, above pH 5, their dye uptake decreased rapidly.

무기계 항균제(Ag-ZA)의 항균력에 관한 조사

조덕제,정숙현,박동근,신춘환 東西大學校 1996 동서논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Zeolite-Na에 Ag이온을 치환시켜 제조한 무기계 항균제를 이용하여 식품의 부패나 식중독을 초래할 수 있는 5종의 세균에 대한 항균력을 조사하였다. 이 들 5종에 대한 최소 저해 농도는 Escherichia coli는 0.1%이상, Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 0.01%, Klebsiella pneumoniae는 0.05%, Staphylococcus aureus와 Bacillus subtlis는 0.03%로 나타났다. 이 들 세균에 대한 0.1%의 Ag-ZA 첨가에서의 살균효과는 90%의 균 사멸시간으로 나타낼 때 Escherichia coli는 70분, Bacillus subtlis는 92분, Staphylococcus aureus는 111분, Klebsiella pneumoniae는 158분, Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 231분으로 나타났고, Ag-ZA 첨가량의 증가에 따른 사멸 속도의 변화는 Gram 음성균에서는 속도의 증가가 나타나지만 Gram 양성균에서는 속도의 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. The investigation of antimicrobial activity on the Ag-ZA which is prepared by ion exchanging between Zeolite-Na and Ag ion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations are 0.01% for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.05% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 0.03% for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtlis. 90% sterilization time with 0.1% Ag-ZA are 70min., 92min., 111min., 158min., 231min. for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtlis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The sterilization effect is more important in gram neative bacteria than gram positive bacteria.

정전 열 접합을 이용한 Multi-Substrate Bonding

이덕중,주병권,최우범,한정인,조경익,이광배,장진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

We performed silicon-to-glass bonding using silicon direct bonding followed by anodic bonding(SDAB). Initial bonding between glass and silicon was caused by the hydrophilic surfaces of silicon and glass ensemble using silicon direct bonding(SDB) method. We found that the bonded specimen using SDAB process had higher strength than one using anodic bonding process only. We performed multiple layer bonding by SDAB, which is glass- silicon -glass as sandwich structure. In the silicon wafer, the (1mm x 2mm x 500μm)-sized cavity was formed by the anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate in EPW(Ethylendiamin-Pyrocatechol-Water). And, the cavity was sealed with glass wafers by SDAB method.

소 질병의 혈액화학적 연구

김덕환,이교영,이경갑,최희인,오사메 사토시,이찌조 시게루 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

In prder to clarify the changes of serum chemical values(AST, CPK and LDH activities)and LDH isoenzyme fractions in frequent occuring some diseases of dairy cows, total 48 cows(40 patients: 18 with downer cow syndrome, 17 with abomasal displacement and 5 with acute mastitis and 8 controls: clinically healthy cows) were examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In changes of total serum enzyme activities of patients group, increase of serum AST(P<0.001), CPK(P<0.01) and LDH activities(P<0.01)were observed in groups of downer cow syndrome and abomasal displacement, respectively by comparison with control group. Increase of AST only was found in group of acute mastitis(P<0.05). 2. In LDH isoenzyme fractions, increase of LDH₁(P<0.01), LDH₂(P<0.05), LDH₃(P<0.01), LDH₄(P<0.01) and LDH_5(P<0.01)fractiona was observed in group of downer cow syndrome and also marker increase of LDH4 and LDH5 fractions was noted in this group. The increase of LDH₁, LDH₂ amd LDH₃ (P<0.01)fractions was found in group of abomasal displacement, but group of acute mastitis showed similar result to that of control group.