관동맥질환에서 저밀도 지단백 입자 크기의 분포

임효영,김인숙,승기배,강동헌,전두수,장기육,박준철,이수영,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

白鼠의 카드뮴中毒時 마늘, Dimercaptosuccinic acid 및 N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine 投與가 카드뮴排泄에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

金炳斗,宋東彬,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.1

It has been revealed from several studies that garlic is highly effective on protection of cadmium or mercury poisoning as much as well-known chelating agents of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) and N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (APEN). This study was conducted to find out the effect of garlic on excretion of cadmium as an effort to reveal the mechanism of the protective effect and compare it with the effects of DMSA and APEN. The cadmium was administered via intraperitoneal route for 3 days. The experimental agents of Garlic, DMSA and APEN were dosed via oral route and the agents had been administered from the day before the injection of cadmium for 12 days in the first step and then they had been administered for 7 days from two days after completing 3 days injection of cadmium. Feces and urine of experimental rats were collected separately at every 24 hours using metabolic cages, and the cadmium concentration in the material was measured by the atomic absoption spectrophotometry. The results of the study were as follows; 1. When the experimental agents were administered from the day before the injection of cadmium, the excretion of cadmium via feces was excellent for 10 days but that via urine was poor in the garlic treated group comparing with that of DMSA or APEN treated group. It suggests that the garlic enhance the excretion of cadmium via feces more than urine. 2. When the experimental agents administered from 2 days after the 3 days injection of cadmium, the excretion of cadmium via feces and urine was not so good as expected in the garlic, DMSA or APEN treated group comparing with the result of the group treated with cadmium alone. Though the differences of cadmium excretion amount were not remarkable, the excretion amount was high in the APEN treated group, the DMSA treated group and the garlic treated group in order. The excretion amount was much higher in feces than urine. It suggests that the garlic hardly facilitate the cadmium excretion if the garlic was administered after the poisoning happened.

분말야금법을 이용한 TiNi기 형상기억 복합재료의 기계적특성에 관한 연구

박영철,윤두표,박민식,김광영 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

In this study, It is introduced that TiNi/Al-radical shape memory composite as one of new material that used shape memory alloy (SMA). It is a method to produce a better strength of composite by occuring compressive residual stress in matrix, using shape memory effect of TiNi fiber. This method os replaced of tensile residual stress happened by difference of coeffients of thermal expansion (CTE) between fiber and matrix, one of the significant faults of metal matrix composite (MMC). In this paper, shape memory composites are made by powder metallurgy. And then, an self-strengthening effect of the composites by shape memory effect above inverse transformation temperature A_f of TiNi alloy are discussed. Moreover, TiNiCo/Al composites is made by using TiNiCo alloy as fiber. And it is discussed about affection of Co in the shape memory composite. The results of the intelligent properties of TiNi/Al-radical shape memory composite, using SMA, by powder metallurgy are the tensile strength of TiNiCo wire is much higher than that of TiNi wire and the strength of TiNiCo/Al composite is generally higher than of TiNi/Al composite.

嶺東ㆍ太白地區 炭鑛會社의 勞使協力에 관한 實態와 그 改善方案

申斗休,姜熙甲,白喆鉉 관동대학교 1976 關大論文集 Vol.4 No.1

Korea has made great progress in anthracite producing capacity since past decade. Neverthless its promotion is critically desired and has become one of the great concerns of the government in carrying out the present national economic development plan because of shortage in our energy resources. Increase of anthracite production results from cooperation between management and labor instead of useless and excessive labor disputes. In this article has been dealt with real conditions and improvement ways of Labor-Management cooperation of coal mining corporations in Yong Dong Area only. To point out some of them to be considered and examined, are as follows. Firstly, in Collective Bargaining, labor union's organization being prerequisite to it should be induced to all the coal mining enterprise, its organization activity should be trained and the operative labor union law needs to be amended so that employees may have the right to reqire nationwide collective bargainning. Furthermore, it is desirable to adopt minimum wage system and widen span of collective barginning to workers' participation in management. Secondly, in Consultation of Labor-Management, even the labor union unformed enterprise should have the duty to organize a consultation instrument between employers and empoyees, moreover the existing consultation meeting should be strengthened effectively to actualize workers' participation in management. Lastly, in view of social welfare for workers. prompt enforcement of minimum wage system, investment inducement to welfare facilities by the government and the enterprise concerned, and widening application of existing workers' compensation insurance will be needed. The true labor-management harmony is contribute not only to increase of coal production capacity, but to just distribution of business performance through democratization of industry.

알카리토금속-희토류 원소 화합물 산화막으로 형성된 AC-PDP 보호막의 특성연구

양두훈,김두철,최치규 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

MgO and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄films were deposited on Si(100), soda-lime glass and PDP's test panel substrates by using e-beam vapor deposition. Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄ powder for e-beam evaporator source was prepared by sintering a mixture of BaO, SrO and Gd₂O₄ powder at a molar ratio of 0.6 : 0.4 : 1 at 1200℃ for 12 hours in air. The Crystalline and chemical shift of electron orbital binding energy of the MgO and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄ films are investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). And we have analyzed the secondary electron emission coefficient (γ₄) of films. The secondary electron emission coefficient (γ₁) of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄ film is higher than that of MgO film. A firing and the sustain voltage of MgO film are lower than that of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄ by 7 V, 8.8 V respectively. The luminance efficiency of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄film is better than of MgO film with 0.66 lm/W. MgO and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Gd₂O₄films showed good transmittance properties within the visual range.

블럭탐색 제어를 이용한 프랙탈 영상 부호화 시간 향상과 컬러 영상에의 응용

박철우,정동웅,김태형,김두영 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1996 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.1

In this paper, in order to reduce block search area during the process to determine the coefficient of IFS transform equation in Fractal Coding, We performed the following steps : First, We partitioned Domain blocks and Range blocks with certain critical point determined by the edge characteristcs and the direction of brightness. When similar block's detected, the Domain block in the same class of the given range was only searched. Second, When the processing is on, We determined the linear list structure with the second error limit, We, therefore, could control coding time, We tryed to improve the compression rate of the Image with reducing the number of times of tranformation by changing the area of block with Quadtree Partitioning, and also tried to progress the fidelity of the image by changing the search density of search area, according to the magnitude of range block. We applied these method to image compression of 24-bpp color. First of all, after converting the RGB coordinate into YIQ Coordinate which has brightness signal and chrominance signal, We minimized by a quarter and coded I,Q signal which implies the information of the color but takes just small part at image information and on the case of decoding, with linear interpolation method we got I,Q signal enlarged as it was. All throughout these processing, We could find out that There are no damages on the original image, and we are able to make better result on compression rate and fidelity of image comparing with those of conventional Fractal Coding method which was applied to the RGB images.

不動産物權變動에 있어서의 登記請求權

金斗熙,許承喆 제주대학교 1974 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

In the New Civil Law of korea there are many different doctrines on the claims of Registration in the transfer of the right of real estate. Therefor, it is the purpose of this study to introduce and study the legislative example of the foreign countries about the cause and Nature of the claims of registration by means of legal acts in the Civil Law and also to study and criticize the doctrines and the court decisions. So, this study asserts that the New Civil Law of korea cloes not admit the individuality of the act of real right in the transfer of the right of real estate, and the claims of registration in the pure claims of credit raised in the claim acts that are the cause acts.

네마틱-스멕틱A 상전이 근처의 네마틱상에서 상관거리 임계지수(??, ??)의 시료 두께 의존성에 관한 광 산란 실험 연구

김두철,임동건,이민규 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

광 산란 실험 기술을 이용하여 세로 및 가로 방향 상관거리(??, ??)의 임계지수(??, ??)의 시료 두께 의존성을 연구하였다. 시료의 두께는 Teflon(또는 Mylar)필름을 이용하여 25-500μm로 제작하였다. 각 시료들의 네마틱-스멕틱A 상전이 근처의 네마틱상에서 산란된 빛의 세기를 온도의 함수로 측정하였다. 측정된 데이터를 분석한 결과 시료의 두께가 증가함에 따라 임계지수의 값은 증가함을 보였으며, 두 값의 이방성(??)은 점차 감소하였다. 그러나 250μm 이상인 시료들에서는 임계지수 값들이 시료 두께에 무관함을 보였으며, 두 임계지수(??, ??)의 값은 오차 범위내에서 같아지며, 그 값도 de Gennes 모델에서 제시한 값(??)과 일치함을 보였다. By utilizing Rayleigh scattering technique, we have studied the sample thickness dependence of the critical exponents(??, ?? )of longitudinal and transverse correlation lengths(??, ??). In this study we have varied the thickness of samples from 12μm to 500μm using Teflon (or Mylar) film. For each sample, measurements of the temperature dependence of scattered light intensity in the nematic phase near nematic to smectic-A phase transition have been made. From analysis of scattering data, it is found that as the thickness of sample increase the values of critical exponents appear to increase and its anisotropy(??) become smaller. But for the samples thicker than 250μm, the values of critical exponents appear to be independent of the thickness and two critical exponents(??) have the same value within errors, which is consistent with de Gennes's models(??).

打捺技法의 硏究 : 金海 禮安理遺蹟 出土品을 中心으로

金斗喆 嶺南考古學會 2001 嶺南考古學 Vol.- No.28

타날토기에 관한 기존의 연구는 문양을 중심으로 행해져 왔다. 본고는 김해 예안리 유적 출토 4-6세기대의 타날토기를 대상으로 타날기법의 복원을 시도하였다. 그 결과 예안리의 타날토기는 모두 구연부 쪽에서 저부를 향하여 동체부타날 → 저부타날의 순으로 타날되었다. 타날의 주요목적은 토기의 대체의 형태를 잡는 것으로서 중형토기의 제작시 빠뜨릴 수 없는 역할을 하고 있었다. 타날순서를 통하여 토기의 제작과정을 복원해보면, 내박자도 받침모루라기 보다는 박자로서의 기능이 강함을 알았다. 외면타날의 방법에는 3가지 유형이 있다. 그것은 팔의 운동방향과 토기의 据置方法의 차이에 따라서 나눈 것이다. 이들을 편의상 동체부타날을 기준으로 X,Y,Z유형으로 설정하였다. X,Y유형은 각각 독립된 製作方法과 系譜 및 展開樣相을 가진다. 아울러 토기의 質이나 打捺文樣들과도 깊은 관련이 있었다. 그것을 요약하면, X類型의 打捺技法은 格子타날과 나이테방향으로 刻線을 넣은 平行타날에 많았으며 예안리에서는 瓦質·軟質토기에 주로 보였다. Y類型의 打捺技法은 繩文系타날과 나이테방향에 直交하게 刻線을 넣은 平行타날에 많고 陶質토기의 타날기법으로 주로 채용되었다. 시기적으로는 전기와질토기에는 Y타날이, 후기와질토기에는 X타날이 성행하였다. 도질토기의 출현과 더불어 다시 Y타날이 성행하였으며, X타날은 연질토기를 중심으로 전통이 계승된다. 내박자는 5세기 후반대가 되면 흔적을 지우지 않고 남겨두는 예가 증가하는데, 이는 토기의 대량생산과 관련이 있다. The previous studies of the beating patterned pottery have focused on its patterns. 1 have tried to reconstruct the beating technique which was used in the Yean-ri site between the fourth century and the sixth century. As a result, I recognized that all of them were beaten beginng from the mouth to the bottom parts. The major purpose of beating is to embody the pottery ; therefore, it plays an important role in making middle size pottery. Reconstructing the process of making pottery through the order of beating, I found out that a paddle was used for beating rather than for supporting. There are three types of the surface beating techniques. Each of them are named X, Y, and Z types. They are classified by the moving direction of arm and the method of putting pottery. X and Y types have their independent methods of making pottery, genealogy and expanding pattern. Moreover, they are related to the property(質) of pottery or beating patterns. In short, the X type beating technique is mainly used in the lattice and parallel line pattern beating whose lines are parallel carved to the direction of an annual ring. And it is mainly found in the gray-soft(瓦質) and red-soft(軟質) potteries in the Yean-ri site. The Y type beating technique is used in the braid and parallel line pattern beating whose lines are vertically carved to the direction of the annual ring and the gray-hard(陶質) pottery. The Y type is prevalent in the early gray-soft pottery period; on the other hand, the X type is popular in the late gray-soft pottery period. With the appearance of the gray-hard pottery, the Y type beating technique started to be prevalent again, and the X type was succeeded to the red-soft pottery. From the late fifth century, there was no trace of paddle inside of the pottery. I believe that this is closely related to the mass production of the pottery.