Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

The pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of several Pinus species, and the ectoparasitoid larvae of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of this pest. The transcriptome of M. alternatus larvae was sequenced using the Illumina platform and immunity‐related genes were specifically analyzed. De novo assembly resulted in the identification of 24 241 unigenes, with a mean length of 1122 bp, in unparasitized M. alternatus larvae and 23 807 unigenes, with a mean length of 1140 bp, for parasitized larvae. Removal of redundant unigenes resulted in 26 095 all‐unigenes, of which 16 959 (64.99%) showed clear homology with some of the known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nr database. Parasitization had notable effects on the transcriptome profile of M. alternatus larvae. In all, 2702 genes were differentially expressed in M. alternatus larvae after parasitization, with 1491 (55.18%) upregulated and 1211 (44.82%) downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of immunity‐related genes in M. alternatus larvae were markedly altered in response to parasitization by D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling data, especially the discovered of immunity‐related genes, help illustrate the molecular mechanisms of parasitism between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus and provide new insights into developing immunity regulation‐mediated control methods of M. alternatus.

Effect of Different Cooling Rates in High Rheological Rate Forming Process on Mechanical Properties of Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ag5 Bulk Metallic Glass

Xiao‑Bo Mei,Bao‑Chuan Liu,Wei Jiang,Quan Xu,Qi‑Dong Zhang,Yu‑Bai Ma,Fang‑Qiu Zu 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.9

The influence of cooling rates on the mechanical properties of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass prepared with high rheologicalrate forming (HRRF) was investigated and compared with traditional suction cast methods. Amorphous samples of Zr57Cu-20Ni8Al10Ag5 were prepared in copper molds with different sizes in order to obtain different cooling rates for both HRRFand traditional cast methods. These specimens were subjected to compression experiments, including microhardness testing,X-ray diffraction testing and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results indicate that the plasticity of the samplesformed by HRRF are higher than that of the as-cast ones at the same cooling rates, while the microhardness manifests theopposite principle. As the cooling rate increases further, the difference in plasticity further increases between two methods,indicating that the plasticity of metallic glasses is more sensitive to cooling rates during the HRRF process. At the core ofthis phenomenon is the fact that HRRF methods can introduce more free volume into glasses than traditional cast methodswith an elevated cooling rate are able to.

Effect of Prior Microstructures on Cementite Dissolution Behavior During Subcritical Annealing of High Carbon Steels

Xiao‑Yu Zhao,Xian‑Ming Zhao,Chun‑Yu Dong,Yang Yang,Huai‑Bin Han 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

The variation of the morphology and distribution of cementite particles in different prior structures with spheroidizingannealing process has been proceeded in this paper. It is found that the dissolution and coarsening progresses of variousinitial structures in spheroidizing annealing process are quite asynchronous due to the different interlamellar spacing. Thedissolution rate of degenerated pearlite (D-P) with finer interlamellar spacing is faster. The granular cementite in the spheroidizedmicrostructure is fine, uniform and dense. The mean diameter of spherical cementite is refined to 233 nm. However,the initial structure of degenerated pearlite (D-P) is highly sensitive to the austenitization temperature. The cementite iseasy to be coarsened under high austenitizing temperature. The coarsening is accompanied by the gradual increase of theCr content in the cementite, which increases the stability of the cementite. Therefore, the optimal austenitizing temperaturefor degenerated pearlite (D-P) is suggested to be 770 °C.

Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.

現代性和現代文學的審美意識問題

吳曉東 中國語文硏究會 1999 中國語文論叢 Vol.17 No.-

하수슬러지-혼합가스 분위기에서 Fe-Cr 강의 고온 부식거동 연구

Xiao Xiao,이동복(Dong Bok Lee),김민정(Min Jung Kim) 한국열환경공학회 2020 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2020 No.춘계

대기오염 발생 주범인 석탄화력발전은 환경 오염물질 배출 및 기후변화에 크게 영향을 미치는 온실가스를 과다 배출시켜 전세계적으로 사용을 줄여나가고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 아직까지 현실적으로 안정적인 운전이 가능한 신재생에너지 발전기술은 개발되지 않고 있다. 친환경 석탄화력발전 기술 중 하나인 석탄가스화 복합 화력 발전(IGCC:Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)은 석탄을 고온·고압에서 가스화 하여 이산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 분진의 발생량을 저감 할 수 있지만 석탄에 소량 함유되어 있는 유황이 가스화의 환원성 분위기에서 부식성이 강한 황화수소(H2S)로 전환되어 발전 설비 부품의 부식을 촉진시켜, 현재 사용 중인 발전설비를 그대로 적용하기에 한계가 있다. 하수슬러지는 연소 시 Fe2O3, P2O5, Al2O3, CaO 등을 주로 형성하며, 부식성이 낮다. 현재 석탄화력발전에 사용되는 석탄의 사용량을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있어 석탄과 하수슬러지를 혼소하여 발전하고 있다. 하지만 하수슬러지에 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 인이 연소할 때 형성되는 P2O5는 망간, 아연, 철 등이 용출되는 것을 막아 부식을 저감시키는 부식억제제로 사용되지만, 공기 또는 수분 등과 반응하여 부식성이 강한 H3PO4(인산)을 생성한다. 하지만 아직까지 하수슬러지가 석탄화력발전과 비슷한 혼합가스 분위기에서 나타나는 부식거동에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있어 이와 관련된 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석탄 화력 발전설비 중 과열기 튜브, 보일러 배관 및 보일러 전열관 등에 많이 사용되는 9Cr-1Mo 강을 하수슬러지 고형연료 분말에 침지시켜 유사한 (0.3% SO2-6% O2-10% H2O-balance CO2)-혼합 가스 분위기에서 650-750oC의 온도로 부식시험하여, 고온 부식거동을 살펴보고자 하였다.

Pattern Recognition of Human Grasping Operations Based on EEG

Xiao Dong Zhang,Hyouk Ryeol Choi 대한전기학회 2006 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.4 No.5

The pattern recognition of the complicated grasping operation based on electroencephalography (simply named as EEG) is very helpful on realtime control of the robotic hand. In the paper, a new spectral feature analysis method based on Band Pass Filter (simply named as BPF) and Power Spectral Analysis (simply named as PSA) is presented for discriminating the complicated grasping operations. By analyzing the spectral features of grasping operations with the use of the two-channel EEG measurement system and the pattern recognition of the BP neural network, the degree of recognition by the traditional spectral feature method based on FFT and the new spectral features method based on BPF and PSA could be compared. The results show that the proposed method provides highly improved performance than the traditional one because the new method has two obvious advantages such as high recognition capability and the fast learning speed.

Fe-Mn 합금의 고온 산화

Xiao Xiao,이동복(Dong Bok Lee),김민정(Min Jung Kim) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2019 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.11

Dynamic temperature gradient and unfalsified control approach for machine tool thermal error compensation

Xiao-dong Yao,Zheng-Chun Du,Guang-yan Ge,Jian-Guo Yang 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.1

In this work, a novel machine tool thermal error modeling method based on dynamic temperature gradient is proposed, and a thermal error compensation method based on unfalsified control is developed. The dynamic temperature gradient is used to optimize the locations of temperature measuring points on the machine tool. Real-time compensation for the thermal error can be achieved using the developed compensation method by establishing the correlations between dynamic temperature gradient and thermal error in the machine tool. Different from traditional model-based methods, the developed compensation approach does not rely on an accurate model of the thermal error but instead uses online input/output data to adaptively select the best controller at any moment, thereby improving thermal error prediction accuracy and robustness. The effectiveness of the developed thermal error compensation method is demonstrated on a turning center, where the spindle thermal error is compensated during the manufacturing of 120 inner bore parts and 120 shaft parts. After compensation using the proposed approach, thermal errors are reduced from 27 µm to 9 µm for the inner bore parts and from 31 µm to 11 µm for the shaft parts, respectively.

Research on steady characteristics of human-robot system for preventing elderly falls during walking

Xiao Dong Zhang,Xiaoqi Mu,Liangliang Li,Ahmad Bala Alhassan,Khaled Kadry Hamza 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9

Due to the ever-increasing demand of caregivers and the high cost of nursing the elderly, researchers have been developing the elderly assistant robots (EARs) for assisting the elderly. To improve the safety of the elderly during walking, the steady characteristics of the EAR are discussed for preventing elderly falls during walking in this paper. Initially, the walking elderly was modeled as an inverted pendulum, and the steadiness region of the human and the general elderly fall conditions were obtained. The dynamics of the human-robot system were derived for preventing the general elderly falls. Also, the steadiness of the human and the robot were analyzed, respectively. Finally, experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the models. The results demonstrated that the system met the requirements of steadiness, and hence, the designed robot could prevent elderly fall during walking. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for the effective control and the practical application of the EARs.