Teukyakmaip System of Large Retailers

Dong‐Ho Kim,Myoung-Kil Youn 한국유통과학회 2013 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2013 No.-

Purpose - The debate over comprehensive measures to regulate unfair practices of large retailers is heating up in Korea, especially with regard to the frequent violations of the Teukyakmaip system by large retailers and its adverse effects on retail industry. The aim of this article is to explore and examine both benefits and consequences of the ‘Teukyakmaip’ system, to provide comprehensive and accurate information to decision makers, and to benefit the distribution industry. Research design – This research is designed to explore and assess the specific policy. As such, comprehensive analyses of the background and current status of the policy based on secondary data are employed. Telephone and personal interviews were conducted with employees of department stores and suppliers. Results – The research findings suggest that there are benefits and consequences of the system for both large retailers and suppliers. Conclusions – Promoting economic efficiency, eradicating monopoly and oligopolistic business structures, and combating unfair trade and business practices are the key and necessary variables in determining the success of this public policy debate and enactment.

新聞에 揭載된 韓國人 自殺記事 內容 分析

박동철,이영식,박두병,곽동일,이길홍 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.4

To analyze the suicide patterns of Koreans, a research study was conducted from the suicide cases taken from the Dong-A Newspaper from 1981 to 1990. Four hundred and eleven cases were obtained from the collected data, which were composed of 275 cases of males and 136 cases of fe-males. The age groups were classified into 6 groups for convenience, 10's, 20's, 30's, 40's, 50's, and 60's. The group differences were then compared for analysis. The characteristics in relation to the socio-demographics and family environment were conpared for analysis. Suicide types compared and analyzed by gender and age group in terms of frequency, type, time, place, method, motivation, location and size of articles, and risk factors for suicide. Sta-tistical analysis used SPSS/PC^+ for cross-tabulation analysis. 1. In relation to the rate of Koreans' suicide, male suicide rate was at least double that of fe-male(2.02 : 1). The age group of the 20's(118 cases) and 30's(96 cases) accounted for a pre-dominant rate of 52.6% of the sample. 2. The distribution of occupation of suicides showed that most were students(22.5%), followed by the unemployed(17.8%) and housewives(12.7%), retrospectively. In relation to the residency of those that had committed suicide, residents who lived in large cities accounted for the greatest number as 70.3%, Especially, females and cases in their 40's were more likely to live in large cities. In the marital status, singles were in the lead(144 cases, 33.0%). With respect to marital status by age group, cases in their 40's(17.4%) tended to have an unstable status such as divorce, separation, co-habitation, remarriage, or widowed, In birth order, the first child were the highest ones as 22.1%. 3. In relationship to the family structure, data revealed that nuclear families were the most(163 cases). Especially, males and cases in their 40's were likely to be form a nuclear familiy, while those in their 60's were from and extended family. In relation to parental survival, data showed that both parents dead were at the highest frequency as 264 cases. In case of female, loss of both parents were more frequent. 4. With respect to the frequency of recurrent suicide, data presented that 6.3% of the cases ex-perienced recurrent suicide. In case of the recurrent suicide of male(8.0%), the rate was about 2.3 times higher than of female(2.9%) 5. For the relationships of homicide and suicide, data showed that 128cases(31.2%) hurt others and attempted suicide. Among them, 96 cases(23.4%) attempted co-suicide and 32 cases(7.8%) attempted homicide others. Analyzed by the characteristics of gender and age group, 10's males were more likely to commit solo-suicide, women in their 30's or 40's commit co-suicide, and 50's commit suicide after homicide. Among the victims of homicide, family members were the most(42 cases). Analysis by age difference between the suicide partners, the cases of 30's or 40's were with family members, 20's with lovers, and 10's with their peers. 6. In relation to the annual distribution of frequency of suicide, data revealed that most cases of suicide were reported in 1990(95 cases), 70 case in 1981, 45 cases in 1982, 44 in 1983, 30 in 1986, 1987, 1989, each, the fewest cases were in 1985(14 cases). In terms of the trend of sui-cide, recently the rate of male and old cohorts over 50's has been increasing. A great number of suicide were in 1981∼1982 and 1989∼1990, the period of a treat political-economical up-heaval. On the other hand, the number of suicide was low during the period of political-economical stability of 1985 and of political thawing in 1988. These fact demonstrated that there were some relationships between political-economical change and the rate of suicide. 7. For the month of suicide, data showed that the highest frequency of cases were in May and June(21.7%), followed by 44(10.7%) in September. For the season of suicide, the fewest cases were in winter(78 cases). The cases of 10's or 20's were more likely to suicide in May and June, and those of older aged group above 50's in fall, weekend, between 1 : 00∼6 : 00 A.M. 8. With respect to the place of suicide, data presented that in most cases suicide was attempted at home(210 cases). Compared by gender, the rate of femal's suicide at home(71.3%) was remarkably higher than that of male's(41.4%). On the other hand, the rate of male's suicide in indoors was much higher(36.4%) than that of female's(15.4%). Analyzed by age groups over 50's were more likely to attempt suicide at home, 30's in indoors, 20's in the office or outdoors. 9. For the methods of suicide, 31.9% resort to intoxication followed hanging(21.9%), jumping(13.1%), burning(10.2%), CO poisoning(6.1%), gunshot(3.9%) or drowning(2.9%), Compared by gender, while females were more likely to take such passive methods as intoxication or CO poisoning, males were more likely to take rather fatal methods such as hanging, burning, gunshot. 10. In relation to the general motives of suicide, data showed that economic poverty was the lead(20.9%), followed by emotional conflict(19.2%), marital conflict(16.1%), demonstration(8.5%), health problem (6.3%), school problems(5.8%), and job problems(5.6%). Analyzed by age group, in case of 10's adolescent conflicts such as school problems, scolding of parents of teachers, mockery, and frustration were the major motivations of their suicide, in the cases of 20's hetero-sexual problems, job and demonstration were their motivators. In case of 30's marital and legal problems were the motivators, economic problems in the age of 40's, loss of objects in 50's and health problems in 60's were their major motivations of suicide. 11. Analyzed by subtypes of suicide in the socio-psychological perspective, data showed that fatalistic suicide was the most frequent(30.2%), followed by anomic suicide(29.4%), egoistic suicide(21.7%), altruistic suicide(11.2%). Whereas in case of males altruistic and egoistic suicide were relatively more frequent, in case of females fatalistic and egoistic suicide were relatively more frequent. Analyzed by age group, fatalistic suicide in the 60's, anomic suicide in the 40's, egoistic suicide in the 10's adolescents and altruistic suicide in the 20's were more frequent. 12. For the psychodynamic factors of suicide, data revealed that most cases were escape from despair and loneliness(28.5%), followed by revenge toward the objects that hurt him or her(14.8%), inferiority(12.7%), escape from a conflict situation(11.4%), altruistic(7.8%), self-punishment for guilt(6.8%), pessimism(3.9%), reunion fantasy(1.0%), and other(13.1%). Whereas the psychodynamic factors of males were altruistic and inferiority, those of females were despair and revenge. Analyzed by age group, incase of old age groups over 50's despair and loneliness were the major fcators, revenge in the 30's and 40's, altruistic in the 20's inferiority and escape from a conflict situation in the 10's were more frequent psychodynamic factors. 13. With respect to the suicide risk rescue factors, data showed that as the helpers at the time of trying suicide, family members were the most(111 cases). Family members as helpers were more frequent in the case of females and in those of 10's or 60's. While passerbys were more frequent in the case of males and in those of 50's. For the suicide notes, 17.3% left the notes behind and those in their 60's males were more likely to have a relatively higher rate of leaving motes behind. 14. In relation to the experience rate of the suicide risk factors, data demonstrated that 16.8% had a history of depression which comprised the highest rate, followed by an alcoholism history(10.0%), unemployment and retirement(7.1%), recent death of intimates and separation(4.6%), health change(3.2%). Analyzed by gender and age groups, males were more likely to have an alcoholism or depression history, those in their 40's were more likely to have an alcoholism history than those of any other age group cohorts.

청소년에서 폭력에의 노출과 관련된 정신의학적 증상

김동기,이호분,민성길,송동호,육기환,전여숙 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.2

서울 시내 중학생 1345명을 대상으로 폭력에 노출되는 정도와 이와 연관된 정신의학적 증상을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 자기보고식 설문지를 사용하였는데. 설문지의 내용은 사회인구학적 자료와 집. 학교, 동네에서 폭력을 당하거나 목격했는지를 묻는 문항과 폭력에 의한 정신의학적 증상의 정도를 묻는 TSC(trauma symptom checklist)로 구성되었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 전체 학생 중 45%가 폭력에 노출된 경험이 있었으며. 남자가 여자보다 많았다 (p<0.025). 집에서 구타 당한 경험은 여학생이 22.8%로 남학생보다 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.001). 학교. 동네에서 구타당한 경험은 남학생이 각각 22.1%. 10.1%로서 여학생보다 유의하게 높았다. 2) TSC를 요인 분석한 결과 불안-우울, PTSD, 해리, 분노 증상으로 나뉘었다. TSC는 폭력 경험 변인들과 상관 관계를 나타냈다. 다중 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 TSC와 연관된 폭력 노출 변인은 일생 동안의 폭력 노출(R²=0.18). 최근의 성폭력 경험(R²=7.12). 최근 집에서의 폭력 경험(R²=0.08), 최근 학교에서의 폭력 경험(R²=0.08), 최근 집에서의 폭력 목격(R²=0.07). 모든 종류의 폭력 노출(R²=0.29)로 나타났다. 3) TSC와 유의하게 연관된 사회인구학적 변인은 여성, 물질 남용의 가족력이 있는 경우, 술이나 담배 약물 남용을 하는 청소년인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 청소년 폭력에의 희생자에 대한 정신의학적 개입에는 이러한 위험인자에 대한 고려가 필요하리라고 본다. In this research, we examined the frequency of exposure to violence in the home, school and neighborhood among middle school students as well as its related psychiatric symptoms. A total of 1,345 students from 5 middle schools in Seoul participated in this study : 670 were male,675 were female. We administered self-reported questionaires including discriptions of exposure to violence and a trauma symptom checklist(TSC)(Singer 1995). 1) The total frequency of exposure to any type of violence was 45% in our sample. The frequency of girls' being hit in home was 22.8%, which was significantly higher than it was for boys(p<0.001). The frequency of boys' exposure to violence in school and in the neighbor-hood was 22.1% and 10.1% respectively, which was higher than it was for girls(p <0.005). 2) In factor analysis of TSC, 4 factors were identified. TSC including depression-anxity, PTSD, dissociation and anger was correlated with violence exposure variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that TSC is related with violence victimization in life(R2=0.18), sexual assault(R2= 0.12), recent victimization in the home(R2= 0.08), recent witness to violencein the home(R2=0.07), recent victimization in school(R2=0.08) and all violence exposures(R2=0.29). 3) Among the demographic variables, sex, parental alcohol problem and student alcohol-smoking-drug problems influenced the TSC(p <0.005). TSC could be result of witness to violence as well as violence victimization. And the risk factors for violence-related psychiatric symptoms were mainly seen in females, who have parents with alcohol problems or who themselves have alcohol-smoking-substance problems. So intervention programs for violence victims should be focused on the these high risk group.

동강의 어류상과 생태학적 군집분석

최준길 ( Jun Kil Choi ),오사무미타무라 ( Osamu Mitamura ),이동준 ( Dong Jun Lee ),신현선 ( Hyun Seon Shin ) 한국환경생태학회 2008 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.22 No.6

2006년 5월부터 2007년 5월까지 동강의 어류상과 생태학적 군집분석을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사된 어종은 총 10과 31종이었다. 총 31종의 어종 중 일차담수어가 26종, 주연성 담수어가 5종으로 나타나 일차담수어의 구성비가 매우 높았다. 우점종은 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus) 55.73%, 아우점종은 쉬리(Coreoleuciscus splendidus) 7.15%였으며, 우세종은 배가시리(Microphysogobio longidorsalis) 6.12%, 어름치(Hemibarbus mylodon) 4.87%, 참종개(Iksookimia koreensis) 4.49% 등이었다. 한국고유종은 묵납자루(Acheilognathus signifer), 줄납자루(A. yamatsutae), 가는돌고기(Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpus), 쉬리(C. splendidus), 긴몰개(Squalidus gracilis majimae) 그리고 어름치(H. mylodon) 등 19종(61.29%)으로 고유종의 빈도가 매우 높았으며, 천연기념물이 1종, 환경부지정 멸종위기 야생동물 II급 종이 5종으로 각각 확인되었다. 예상되는 종수(기대종)의 분석 결과, 동강의 전 조사지점에서는 18(지점 4, 5)∼22종(지점 3)이 서식하고 있을 것으로 나타났으며, 유사도 분석은 62.28%(지점 1과 2)∼84.13%(지점 1과 5)의 범위로 나타났다. 따라서 동강유역은 어류가 서식하기에 매우 적합한 수환경을 유지하고 있으며, 각 조사지점별 수환경도 매우 유사한 것으로 판단된다. The ichthyofauna and ecological community analysis in the Dong River, Korea, were investigated from May, 2006 to May, 2007. During the surveyed period, 31 species belonging 9 families were collected. Total of 31 species(primary freshwater: 26 species, peripheral freshwater: 5 species) were found with the primary freshwater fishes being highest. Dominant species was Zacco koreanus(55.73%), and subdominant species was Coreoleuciscus splendidus(7.15%). Also, Microphysogobio longidorsalis (6.12%), Hemibarbus mylodon(4.87%), Iksookimia koreensis(4.49%) were numerous. There were 19 Korean endemic species(61.29%), including Acheilognathus signifer, A. yamatsutae, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpus, C. splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, H. mylodon. Among them, 1 species was identified as qualifying for possible desigantion as a natural monument catergory, and 5 species were identified for designation required to protect under a wildlife category. As result of expected number of species according to rarefaction curve, the expected species of the Dong-river ranged from 19(St. 4, 5) to 22(St. 3) and result of similarity analysis ranged from 62.28%(St. 1 and 2) to 84.13%(St. 1 and 5). In conclusions, we could define that the Dong-river has a very good water conditions as habitat of fish, and habitat conditions also are very similar in every survey sites.

고농도 Manitol용액의 관류에 의한 흰쥐 뇌혈관의 미세구조의 변화

엄순길,김경용,이원복,김동창 대한해부학회 1993 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.26 No.4

지붕경사각 변화에 따른 막구조의 풍압 변화 특성

길용식,김동우,하영철,이광렬,김종락 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

This paper describes on the results of 1:400 geometrical laboratory modeling of wind-induced point pressure on the membrane roof structure of Stadium with variable roof slopes. The wind flow for flat ground surface was simulated in a boundary wind tunnel at Kumoh National Institute of Technology. The roof slope of membrane structure changed into 5 types. The locations of wind pressures taps are distributed on the same upper and lower part of membrane roof. The resultant wind pressure for each measurement points are analysed on 2 categories. One is acting on upper direction, the other is lower direction. The results showed that in the case of upper direction the changes of wind pressures on the membrane roof are not dominant in regard to changing roof slope, but in lower direction wind pressures are increased at the rear part of roof with changing roof slopes.

유아 로타바이러스 설사증에 대한 IgY 난황 항체의 효과시험

정동혁, 박효선, 김경미, 정규항, 김강영, 정후길, 윤숭섭, 전호남, 강신영 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2006 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.7 No.2

본문참고

당류 첨가가 김치 성분 및 관능검사에 미치는 영향

권동진,장영상,조길석,강윤한 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.6

김치의 단맛을 내기 위하여 일반 제조에 이용되고있는 sucros 대신 xtevioside나 sorbitol과 같이 당의 종류를 달리하여 제조한 김치의 이화학적 성분, 미생물의 변화 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. pH와 적정산도는 stevioside와 sorbitol이 첨가된 처리구가 sucrose가 첨가된 처리구보다 산의 생성 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 총균수의 경우 전반적으로 당의 종류와 저장온도와는 관계없이 미생물의 생육 억제효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으나 젖산균의 경우 10℃에서는 균의 생육 억제 효과는 없는 반면 5℃에 저장한 김치의 경우 stevioside와 sorbitol이첨가된 김치는 젖산균의 생육에 억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사를 실시한 결과 stevioside 첨가된 김치 sucrose 첨가구에 비하여 기호도에서는전적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Effects of sugars addition in Kimchi preparation on physiochemical characteristics, sensory evaluation of Kimchi were investigated. Sugar sources added were sucrose, stevioside and sorbitol. Changes of pH and titratable acidity in Kimchi with addition of stevioside or sorbitol were similar to ones of control Kimchi with addition of sucrose during storage at 10℃, while ones of Kimchi with addition of stevioside or sorbitol were different from control during storage at 5℃, Comparison with control Kinich, addition of stevioside or sorbitol was inhibited acid production in Kimchi during storage at 5℃. Total number of viable cells were not significantly different among those of Kimchi samples during storage at 5 and l0℃ The number of lactic acid bacteria were not significantly different among those of Kimchi samples during storage at 10℃, but ones of Kimchi with addition of stevioside or sorbitol were less than those of Kimchi with addition of sucrose during storage at 5℃. Among sweetness, taste, flavor, color, texture and overall acceptability, the results of sensory evaluation except sweetness were showed that Kimchi added with stevioside or sorbitol was superior to ones added with sucrose.

대전광역시 남·녀 노인의 레크리에이션 활동 실태

김동건,민춘기,이용인,이종길,박영숙,염동삼 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1997 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the current conditions of recreation activities of male and female olders in Taejeon. 416 (197 males and 219 females) olders above 60 years old were selected as subjects and examined by face-to-face interview for this study. The collected data were analyzed using such statistical methods as frequencies and crosstabulation with Chi-suare tests. The major findings in this study were summarized as following: there were significant differences between male and female olders; male olders participated the most in tourism and entertainment, while female olders the most in hobbies and social activities; the purpose of male olders' activity was to maintain their health, but in the case of females it was use of leisure and self-actualization; male olders participated more frequently in recreation activities than female olders significantly.

가상기업 구현을 위한 정보시스템전략

鄭東吉 明知大學校 經濟硏究所 1995 경영연구 Vol.12 No.1