五加皮의 造血 및 免疫調節效果에 대한 實驗的 硏究

任中根,徐榮培,金東熙,薛仁燦 대한본초학회 2000 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

In order to investigate the reinforcemental Effects of Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex about immunity and hematogenic action. The various immune responses were studied. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Positive cell was significantly increased at the 0.25 d r n P degree of density in the effect of CD4 about the spleen cell. 2. In the effect of IgG positive cell was significantly increased as comrared with the data of control only at the 0.25 mg/ml degree of density. 3. In the effect of Mac-1 positive cell was significantly increased in all treated degree of density. 4. In result of observing the change of WBC after Cyclophosphamide-processing the number of WBC was significantly increased in treated Group. 5. Measurement of RT-PCR in Hematopoietic stem cell TPO PCR products was increased as compared with medium at the 1 ㎛/ml degree of density. 6. In reinforcemental effect about Stem cell factor SCF PCR product was increased as compared with medium at the low degree of density. 7. In reinforcemental effect about IL-3 PCR product was increased as compared with medium at the low degree of density. 8. In reinforcemental effect about IL-6 PCR product was significantly increased as compared with all treated group. 9. Assay about positive cell in the spleen cell, the positive cell was significantly increased in CD4, CD19. 10. Created amount NO was treated group significantly increased all degree of density. 11. In promotional dissolution-effect, treated group was increased one and half times or twice all degree of density as compared with negative control. According to the above results, Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex increase coherence with T-cell by dint of activating CD of T-cell, presentate an antigen, activate IL-3, IL-6 which stimulate B-cell mading an antibody, activate IFN- y which appeal anti-viral activity by dint of activating macrophage, activate IgG which being made in B-cell neutralize Virus directly, increase immunity by means of promoting dissolution of Spleen cell which involve immune cell and strengthen hematogenic action by dint of activating TPO, SCF. Although Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex was used in retrogressional joint disease of deficiency syndrome by reinforcing Liver and Kidney, strengthening bones and sinews, because IFN- 7 which appeal anti-viral activity and IL-6 which almost appear in arthritis increased significantly, in future we should make an effort in looking into action of Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex about common cold by infection and arthritis of excess syndrome.

忠州市 主幹線 道路邊 建築外部色彩에 關한 硏究

崔生吉,孫泰鎭,柳顯紀,辛同寅,梁富弘,尹勝照,朴碩鉉 忠州大學校 1998 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

In order to understand the influence of colours on the urban design of a city, a portion of the central Chung-Ju was chosen as the study area, and three cases were researched as colours. These surveyed colours are analysed in their hue, value and chroma. It was necessary to determine the colours of 272 buildings exterior in all in order formulate the findings presented in this study. The result of this study can be briefly summerised as the following ; 1) The trends in the use of colour turn out like this ; 55.3% of the building were Y(yellow), YR(yellow-green), R(red) Family in Hue, abour 33.9% of them were within 8.0-8.9 and 26.6% were within 7.0-7.9 on the value scale, and about 48.5% of them were within 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 3.0-3.9 on the chroma scale. 1) For case 1 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 57.8% were Y and YR family in Hue, about 53.7% were 8.0-8.9 and 7.0-7.9 in Value, and about 49.6% of them were within 1.0-3.9 in chroma. 2) For case 2 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 52.4% were Y and R family in Hue, about 65.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 46% were 1.0-2.9 in Chroma. 3) For case 3 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 55.7% were Y and YR Family in Hue, about 72.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 31.1% were 2.0-2.9 in Chroma. In summary, the colours of the building surveyed in central Chung-Ju can be characerized as Y, YR, R, N family in Hue, 7.0-7.9, 8.0-8.9 in Value registered in 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9 in Chroma. The observed exterior colours show a tendency toward Yellow in Hue, High in Value and low in Chroma. Generally, the majority of the colours is light rather than strong in tone.

우리나라 市.道立病院 運營管理에 關한 調査硏究

印宣東 서울大學校 保健大學院 1969 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.6 No.1

As the result of surveys conducted on the personnel, budget, and therapeutical performance of municipal and provincial hospitals in this country from Jun. 1, 1965 to May, 30, 1966, the following conclusion has been reached: 1. Surveys were conducted on a total of 46 hospitals, comperising 12 city hospitals, one county hospital, 32 provincial hospitals, and one provincial branch hospital(branch of the Cheju provincial Hospital). 2. Classifying the personnel by kind of occupation, nurses constituted the greatest proportion of 30.02 per cent of the total of 2,023 hospital employees across the nation, and physicians 16.71 per cent, while there were only two dieticians(constitution 0.10 per cent). 3. All the hospitals had physicians and nurses, while 41 of them have pharmacists, and only two of them had dieticians. 4. To break them down by province, the Special City of Seoul had 39.36 per cent of the total number of personnel, while Gyeongsangnam-do had the smallest proportion or 2.07 per cent. 5. The special City of Seoul had 39.56 per cent, the greatest proportion of a total of 4,079 beds throughout the nation while Cheju Province occupied the smallestpercentage, 2.01 per cent. The hospitals Surveyed were classefied into groups by the number of beds they had. The group of hospitals, With 51 to 100 beds each, constitued the greatest proportion or 45.66 per cent, while only one hospital fell under the category of hospisals with 151 to 200 besd, and another under that with 401 to 450 beds. Hospitals with up to 100 beds occupied 73.82 per cent or more than two thirds of the total number of hospitals surveyed. Not a single hospital had 500 or more beds. 7. A greatest proportion<41.31 per cent) of hospitals. from a total of 12 occupation were Hospitals with eight different kind of occupational classification it had the nember. The more occpational classification it had, the nember of Hospital was greater, and vice Versa Hospitals whose Personel were classified into seven to 10 kinds of occupation constituted 93.29 per cent. only one hospital (taejon Provincal Hospital) was blessesed with all of the 12 occupational kinds. No hospital, however, had six or less kinds of occupation. 8. The gross amount of receipt of all the municipal and provincial hospitals throughout the nation reached \558,43,026; broken down into 44.84 per cent of their own income and 55.16 per cent greated by the government as subsidies. 9. The gross amount of expenditure of all the hospitals was equivalent to their receipt, and the goverment subsidies was same as the balanece between expenditure and income 10. The ratios of own income to gross receipt of 31hospitals ranged from 30 to 80 per cent. One hospital (Mapo Municipal Hospital of Seoul) was operated solely with grvenment subsidies without its own income. Not a single hospital showed 100 per cent in ratio of its own income ??(원문파손으로 입력불가)gross receipt. 11. The hospitals in Kyonggi Province showed a highest average(86.03 per cent) ration of own income to gross receipt, with those in Gyeongsangnam-do indicated the lowest average ratio of 2.34 per cent. 12. The ratio of own income of Gyeonggi-do was highest or 27.57 per cent of that of whole nation, while Jeonlanam-do was lowest or 2.82 Percent . 13. The highest percentage(54.44 per cent) of the total amount of government subsidies was issued to the hospitals in the Special City of Seoul, and the smallest proportion(1.36 per cent) to those in Chungcheong bug-do 14. charged out-patients of the municipal and provincal hospitals constisued 41.20 per cent of newcomers and 50.75 per cent of oldtimers , and 43.37 per cend of their aggregate. Charged patient a constituted 48.60 per cent of in-patients in actual number of persons and 26.01 per cent in terms of aggregate of days of hospitalization. 15. The hospitals in Gyeongsangnam-do showed a highest percentage (95.66 per cent) of charged patients amone new out-patients, and those in JeonJanam-do showed the lowest percentage(16.29 per cent). As for the ratio of charged regular out- patients. the hospitals in Gyeongsangnam-do showed the highest percentage(92.95 per cent), and those in Jeonlabug-do the lowest percentage (9.88 per cent). In terms of aggregate, the hospitals in gyeongsangnam-do also recorede the highet ratio of 93.95 per cent, and those in Gyeongsangbug-do the lowest ratio of 21.07 per cent. In terms of actual number of persons, the hospitals in Jeju-do indicated the highest percentage(95.77 per cent)of chared in-patients, while those in Gyeongsangnam-do showed the lowest percentage (31.50 per cent). In terms of aggregate, the hospitals in Seoul showed the lowest 13.85 per cent while those in Jeju-do recorded the highest 87.36 per cent 16. Reviewing the numer of patients by province, Seoul constituted tthe greatest proportion or 39.83 per cent of newcomer outpatients, and Gyeongsangnam-do the smallest proportion or 1.34 per cent. In terms cf regular out-patients, Jeonlabug-do occupied the greatest proportion or 23.43 per cent. and Jeonlanam-do the smallest proportion of 1.81 per cent. As for aggregate, Seoul recorded the greatest proportion of 29.03 per cent , and Gyeongsangnam-do 1.43 per cent. the smallest proportion. In terms of the actual numer of persons. Seoul constituted the greatest proportion or 34.82 per cent of in-patients, and Pusan the smallest proportion or 1.19 per cent. In terms of aggregate, Swoul occupied the greatest proportion or 59.80 per cent, and Pusan 0.72 per cent, the smallest proportion. 17. The average number of days of hospitalization was 28.40 days per governument-paid in patient. and 10.56 days per charged in patient. The average number of days of hospitalization was the greatest at 483.95 days per government-paid inpatient in the sodaemun municipal Hospital in Seoul, but the smallest at 1.42 days in the Chinju Province Hospital in Gyeongsangnam-do. By province, the average number of days was the greatest at 45.50 days in Chungcheongbug-do, but the smallest at 1.88 days in Gyeongsangnam-do. The average number of days of hospitalization per charged in-patient was the greatest at 81.97 days in the Sodaemun municipal Hospital in Seoul, but was the smallest at 2.34 days in the Chinju Provincial Hospital in Gyeongsangnam-do. By province, the average number of days was greatest at 28.67 days in Jeonlanam-do, but the smallest at 2.07 days in Gyeongsang-bug-do. 18. The average number of visits to hospital per out-patient was 2.35 days. By hospital, it was the greatest at 16.53 days in the Chonan Provincial Hospital in Chungcheongbug-do and the smallest at 1.00 day in the Dongbu Municipal Hospital in Seoul. By province, it was the greatest at 4.41 days in Jeju-do, and the smallest at 1.23 days in Jeonlanam-do. 19. The average number of patient hospitalized per bed is 8.89 persons monthly. By hospital, the greatest number(37.74 persons) was recorded by the Inchon Provincial Hospital in Kyonggi-do, and the smallest number(0.86 persons) by the Sodaemun Municipal Hospital in Seoul. By province, the highest number(15.07 persons) was recorded by Kyonggi-do and the smallest number(2.60 persons) by Gyeong-sangnam-do. 20. The average bed utilization ratio was 48.02 per cent. By hospital, the Sodaemun Municipal in Seoul recorded the highest ratio of 98.03 per cent, while the ch'ongju Provincial Hospital in Chungcheongbug-do showed the lowest ratio of 3.51 per cent. By province, Seoul showed the highest ratio of 74.47 per cent, and Gyeongsangnam-do the lowest ratio of 15.41 per cent. 21. Amount of expentiture for a bed was \136,899. That of Pusan was \307,804 the highest, while Gyeongsangnam-do showed \69,323 a bed, the lowest among 8 provinces and two special cities.

알콜 의존 환자에서 알콜 금단 후 혈장 베타 - 엔돌핀, 부신피질자극호르몬 및 코티졸의 변화

이동근,나철,손인기 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 본 연구는 알코올 의존 환자에서 금주 상태가 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신축에 어떠한 기능 변화를 가져오는지를 알아보며, 이를 통해 알코올 의존의 원인 기전을 간접적으로 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방 법 : 알코올 의존 환자 14명에서 금주 후 7일과 28일에, 그리고 건강 대조군 14명에서 각각 오전 8시와 12시에 혈장 베타-엔도르핀, 코티졸, 부신피질자극호르몬의 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 금주 후 7일째 환자군과 대조군에서 오전 8시와 12시에 측정한 베타-엔도르핀, 코티졸, 부신피질자극호르몬은 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 금주 후 28일째 환자군과 대조군에서 오전 8시에 측정한 베타-엔도르핀은 환자군이 대조군보다 유의하게 높았다. 그러나, 12시에 측정한 베타-엔도르핀은 유의한 차이가 없었으며 코티졸, 부신피질자극호르몬 오전 8시, 12시 모두에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 금주 기간의 경과에 따른 변화를 볼 때, 환자군에서 오전 8시에 측정한 베타-엔도르핀, 코티졸, 부신피질자극호르몬은 금주 7일째와 28일째간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 12시에 측정한 부신피질자극호르몬에도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 12시에 측정한 베타-엔도르핀과 코티졸은 금주 후 7일째보다 금주 후 28일째에 유의하게 낮았다. 4) 일중 변동률의 차이를 보면, 오전 8시부터 정오 12시까지의 베타-엔도르핀의 감소속도가 금주 후 28일재 환자군에서 금주 후 7일째 환자군과 대조군보다 월등히 빨랐다. 결 론 : 알코올 의존 환자에서 금주기간이 길어지면 점차 혈장 내 베타-엘돌핀 농도가 감소하고, 일중 감소 속도도 증가하여 결과적으로 알코올 섭취 욕구가 증가된 것으로 생각되며, 이는 알코올 의존의 원인으로 오피오이드 보상가설을 지지하는 소견이다. Objectives : The present study was performed to evaluate the change in releasing action of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis after alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence, and to identify the etiologic mechanism of alcohol dependence indirectly. Methods : Plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and ACTH level was measured in 14 alcohol dependent patients and in 14 healthy persons after 7 days and 28 days of alcohol abstinence at 08 : 00h and 12 : 00h, twice a day. Results : 1) There was no significant difference in plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and ACTH level measured at 08 : 00h and 12 : 00h between patients and control group after 7days of alcohol withdrawal. 2) Plasma beta-endorphin level measured at 08 : 00h in patients was significantly elevated comparing with control group after 28days of alcohol withdrawal. But, there was no significant difference in plasma beta-endorphin level measured at 12 : 00h and in plasma cortisol and ACTH level measured at both 08 : 00h and 12 : 00h between two groups after 28days of alcohol withdrawal. 3) In the patient group, there was no significant difference between patients after 7days and 28days of alcohol withdrawal in plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and ACTH level measured at 08 : 00h and ACTH level measured at 12 : 00h. But, beta-endorphin and cortisol level measured at 12 : 00h were significantly lowered in patients after 28days of alcohol withdrawal than after 7days of withdrawal. 4) In decreasing rate of beta-endorphin production from 08 : 00h to 12 : 00h, there was significant difference between patients and controlled group after 28days of alcohol withdrawal. Conclusion : In alcohol dependent patients, lower level of beta-endorphin and increased reducing rate in diurnal variation of beta-endorphin after alcohol withdrawal are evident, which in turn may elevate craving for alcohol intake, and there findings support the opioid compensation theory in the development of alcohol dependence.

장애인 평생교육 협력체제 구축 방안 연구

정동영,정동일,정인숙 국립특수교육원 2001 연구보고서 Vol.- No.2

이 연구는 지식기반사회라 일컬어지는 현대 사회에서 장애인을 효과적인 인적 자원으로 개발하고 이들의 삶의 질을 제고하는데 필요한 평생교육체제의 구축방안과 이 과정에서 지원을 제공하는 관련 기관이 서로 협력하여 지원하는 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축방안을 마련하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 이 연구는 문헌조사를 통해 장애인 평생교육의 개념과 목표·내용·방법·기관의 분류·기관간 협력의 패러다임을 모색한 이후, 그 틀에 따라 우리 나라의 장애인 평생교육체제와 장애인 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축 현황을 파악하고, 장애인과 그들의 가족 및 장애인 평생교육기관 관계자들과의 면담을 통해 장애인 평생교육의 지원내용·지원기관·지원결과 및 지원방법 등에 대한 요구를 조사하고, 미국·호주·일본의 장애인 평생교육체제와 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축 실태를 살펴본 다음, 이 모두를 비교·분석·종합하여 우리 나라의 장애인 평생교육체제와 장애인 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축 방향과 방안을 마련하였다. 이와 같은 방법과 절차를 통해 장애인 평생교육체제는 장애인이 일반인과 동일한 환경에서 동일한 방법으로 교육 프로그램과 지원 서비스를 받을 수 있는 체제로 구축해야 하며, 장애인이 생애단계별로 간격이 없이 지속적으로 교육 프로그램과 지원 서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 체제로 구축해야 하며, 관련 부처나 기관이 상호 협력하여 평생교육 프로그램과 지원 서비스를 제공하는 체제로 구축해야 한다고 그 방향을 설정하였다. 그리고 장애인 평생 교육기관간 협력체제는 장애인에 대한 지원의 중복이나 누락을 방지하여 지원을 확대·제공하는 체제로 구축해야 하며, 지역 내의 수평적인 협력체제를 중심으로 하되, 지방자치단체와 중앙행정부처 등 정책결정 수준별로 적절히 협력하는 체제로 구축해야 하고, 장애인에 대한 일시적·단발적·단기적인 지원이 아니라 계속적·장기적·지속적인 지원을 제공하는 체제로 구축해야 한다고 그 방향을 설정하였다. 현재 장애인 평생교육과 관련하여 해결해야 할 가장 근본적인 문제는 그들이 원하는 교육적 지원을 지속적으로 제공받을 수 없다는데 있다. 그러므로 장애인의 출생 이후 즉, 장애의 발견에서부터 평생 필요한 교육적 지원을 언제·어디서나 제공받을 수 있는 교육체제의 구축을 위해 이 연구에서 밝힌 장애인 평생교육체제와 장애인 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애인이 필요한 경우 언제 어디서라도 그들의 요구에 적절한 교육을 전달받을 수 있는 평생교육체제의 구축을 위해서는 중앙행정부처에서부터 수직적으로 지역사회에까지의 전달체계를 확립하고 그 각각의 경로에 장애인 평생교육 전담인력을 배치하며, 일반인 평생교육기관과 장애인 지원기관 등을 이요하여 장애인 평생교육 전달기관과 지원내용을 확대하고, 이러한 전달체계와 전달기관을 지원하는 체제를 구축해야 한다. 둘째, 장애인 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축을 위해서는 교육인적자원부 내에 장애인 평생교육 정책 수립과 집행을 총괄·조정하는 조직의 설치·운영을 통해 장애인 평생교육기관별로 역할과 지원내용을 조정·분담하고 지원대상과 지원내용을 확대하며, 장애인의 생애단계별로 적절한 지원을 제공하는 기관간 협력체제를 개발·운영하며, 중앙행정부처간·지방자치단체 관련 기관간·지역사회 내 관련 기관간 협의체를 개발·운영하고, 장애인 평생 교육 지원정책과 전략 및 장애인 평생교육기관간 협력체제를 지원하는 연구·개발기관을 설립·운영해야 한다. 이와 같은 장애인 평생교육체제와 평생교육기관간 협력체제의 구축을 위해서는 장애인과 일반인의 통합문제를 심층적으로 다루는 연구가 이루어져야 하며, 현재 설치·운영하고 있는 장애인 평생교육기간의 운영실태를 평가하여 각 기관의 운영실태를 개선해야 하고, 현재 장애인 지원부처별로 각각 별도로 설치·운영하고 있는 장애인 평생교육을 지원하는 기관이나 시설의 재구조화와 맞교환 등을 통해 자원활용의 극대화를 도모해야 하며, 부처간·기관간 이기주의를 극복하고 상호 협력하는 풍토를 조성해야 하고, 장애인 평생교육 및 장애인 평생교육기관간 협력을 위한 국가의 지원을 대폭 확대해야 한다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to establishment of lifelong education system for individuals with disabilities into effective human resources development in the present-day society called the knowledge-based society and raising the quality of their life, and of interagency collaboration system of lifelong education for individuals with disabilities among the agencies which provide a supports and cooperate with each other in the process. In order to achieve this purpose, after this study investigated the paradigm of the concept, goal, contents, classfication method, of the agencies, and collaboration with the agencies on lifelong education for the individuals with disabilities through the literature reviews, it investigated current status of lifelong education system and interagency collaboration system ofn lifelong education for individuals with disabilities in Korea by that frame, surveyed the demands on supporting contents, supporting institutions, supporting results, and supporting methods of lifelong education for individuals with disabilities through interviews with individuals with disabilities, their family and the personnels concerned with lifelong education agencies, and collected the management cases of on lifelong education system and interagency collaboration system for lifelong education of individuals with disabilities in United States, Australia, and Japan. After comparing and analyzing all of these, it prepared the establishment direction and a strategies of lifelong education system and interagency collaboration system of lifelong education for individuals with disabilities in Korea. With this method and process, it established the direction, which says that lifelong education system for individuals with disabilities has to be constructed with the system which helps the individual with disabilities to receive an education programs and a support services with the same way in the same environment with the individuals without disabilities and continuously as to the life stages, without an gap, and to provide lifelong education programs and a support services by a community as a key role and by mutual cooperation with related bureaus agencies and community agencies. And also it built direction, which says that interagency collaboration system of lifelong education for individuals with disabilities prevents the duplication or the omission of the supports against individuals with disabilities and has be established with the setup to magnify and provide the supports, to collaborate relevantly as to the levels of a policy decision in the local self-governing group and the departments of the central government, centralizing horizontal cooperative setup in an area, and to provide not a temporary, a single-shot, and a short-term support but a continuous, a long-term, and a lasting supports on individuals with disabilities. Currently, the fundamental problems to solve in relation to lifelong education for individuals with disabilities is not to be receive an educational supports continuously that they want. Therefore after the birth of individuals with disabilities, that is, the detection of disability, to make a establishment of education system to be provided with educational supports needed in a lifetime in whenever and wherever, the establishment strategies of lifelong education system and interagency collaboration system of lifelong education for the individuals with disabilities revealed in this study are as follows: First, as if the individuals with disabilities want, for the establishment of lifelong education system to be delivered the appropriate education in whenever and wherever they demand, it establishes a vertical delivery system from the departments of the central government to the community, arranges the lifelong education-exclusive personnels for the individual with disabilities in each route, magnifies the lifelong education delivery agencies and support contents for individuals with disabilities, using the lifelong education agencies for the individuals without disabilities and the supporting agencies for individuals with disabilities, and builds the setup supporting the delivery systems and the delivery agencies. Second, for the established of intergency collabration system of lifelong education for the individuals with disabilities, it has to regulate and share the roles and supporting contents as to lifelong education agencies for the individuals with disabilities through the establishment and operation of the organization which generalizes and regulates the lifelong education policy decision and the execution for the individuals with disabilities inside the Ministry of Eudcation & Human Resources Development; expand the support subjects and the support contents; develop and operate the cooperative setup among agenecies which provide with the appropriate supports by the life stages of the individuals with disabilities; develop and operate the setup of discussion among the departments of central government and among the relative agencies with a local-self governing group and among the relative agencies inside a community; found and operate the agency for the research and the development which supports a lifelong education support polices and a strategies, and an interagency collaboration system of lifelong education for the individuals with disabilities. For the establishment of lifelong education system and interagency collaboration system of lifelong education for the individuals with disabilities, the studies which treat the inclusion of individuals with disabilities and the individuals without disabilities have to be accomplished in depth; the actual operation conditions of each agencies has to be improved after it evaluates the actual operation conditions of the lifelong education agencies for the individuals with disabilities being established and operated in the preset time; the maximum of the resources application has to be planned through the re-structure and the big deal of the agencies or the institutions which support the lifelong education for the individuals with disabilities in establishment and operation per support bureau for the individuals with disabilities at present; egoism between departments and between agencies has to be overcome; the climate which shows mutual cooperation must be made up; the supports by the government has to magnified for the collaboration among lifelong education agencies for the individuals with disabilities.

만성 궤양성 대장염의 추적관찰 - 단기적 치료 반응 및 재발율을 중심으로

장동경(Dong Kyung Chang),이국래(Kook Lae Lee),김재규(Jae Gyu Kim),김용태(Yong Tae Kim),정현채(Hyun Chae Jung),송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),김정룡(Chung Young Kim),박재갑(Jae Gahb Park),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),최상운(Sa 대한소화기학회 1994 대한소화기학회지 Vol.26 No.6

N/A Our retrospective study on 240 cases with chronic ulcerative colitis in Seoul National Uni- versity Hospital spanning from January,1975 to December,1993 revealed the following results. According to the extent of disease, there was 27.5% in proctitis, which was more frequent than that of the previous domestic reports, 15.8% in distal, 22.9% in left and 31.7% in exten- sive colitis. According to the severity of disease, there was 47.5% in mild, 32.9% in moderate and 19.6% in severe disease. There was a positive correlation between severity and extent of disease. The extraintestinal complications were not related with the extent, or severity. Howev- er 3 cases(1.3%) of toxic megacolon appeared in moderate or severe extensive colitis, one of which progressed to perforation. Two cases(0.8%) of mortality were noticed, one caused by perforation, the other by operation related complication. There was not a single case of colon cancer developed during follow up period. Most cases showed excellent short term response to medical treatment; the symptomatic remission rates were 90.3%, 85.7%, 72.9% and 58.9% in order of proctitis, distal, left and extensive colitis, and the endoscopic remission rates were 78.8%, 50.0%, 59.1% and 30.0% respectively. Higher remission rates corresponded with lower extent of the disease. According to the severity, the symptomatic remission rates of milder dis- ease were significantly higher. The cumulative relapse rates were 38.7% in 1 year, 62.4% in 2 years, 73.3% in 3 years and 81.9% in 5 years, which were not related to the extent but in- creased according to the severity. The cumulative operation rates were 5.0% in 1 year, 7.6% in 2 years, 10.2% in 3 years and 15.9% in 6 years. The emergency operation accounted for only 22.2% of all operation and the others were elective ones. The most frequent indication of surgery was medical intractability which was determined after mean 35 days of intensive med- ical therapy. We concluded that severity and extent of ulcerative colitis had predictive value of the responses to medical treatment or relapses, furthermore despite the high relapse rates, medical therapy was the first line treatment because of its high remission rates on a short- term base. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1994; 26: 907 918)

백서 혈관평활근 세포에서 α-Lipoic acid가 PAI-1 발현, 세포의 증식, 주유능 및 신생내막 형성억제에 미치는 효과

신동우,이동욱,이상준,김혜순,강효경,안종덕,이인규 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:당뇨병의 혈관 합병증의 발생에 있어서 산화스트레스는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 혈관 평활근세포에서 고혈당은 안지오텐신Ⅱ와 더불어 활성산소족(ROS)을 증가시키며, 산화스트레스에 민감한 전사인자들을 활성화시켜 동맥경화증을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 항산화제로 알려진 알파­리포산이 혈관 평활근세포의 증식속도와 이주에 미치는 영향과 PAI­1발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 이와 동시에 백서의 혈관 손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산이 신생내막 증식을 억제시킬 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 방법:In vitro 실험은 백서의 대동맥 평활근세포를 고농도의 포도당(22mM)과 100nM의 안지오텐신Ⅱ로 4시간 배양하였다. 알파­리포산을 처리 후, PAI­1 mRNA의 발현을 보기 위해 노던 블롯을 시행하였고 평활근세포의 유주능과 증식속도에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 성장속도의 유주능 분석을 시행하였다. 또한 평활근세포의 유주능에 NF­μB 경로가 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 겔 지연 분석과 NF­μB 보고 유전자 분석을 시행하였다. In vivo 실험으로 백서의 혈관손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산 처리 후 혈관의 신생내막 두께를 비교하였다. 결과:In vitro 실험에서 고농도 포도당과 안지오텐신Ⅱ에 의해 유도된 PAI­1 mRNA 발현증가는 알파­리포산 처리에 의하여 용량에 비례하여 억제되었다(p<0.05). 알파­리포산 처리로 혈관 평활근세포의 유주능은 유의하게 억제되었으나(p<0.01),증식속도는 유의하게 억제되지 않았다. 또한 알파­리포산 처리로 NF­μB 발현도 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.01). In vivo 실험에서 알파­리포산을 주입한 군에서 혈관손상에 의한 신생내막의 증식이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 보여주었다(p<0.01). 결론:알파­리포산은 백서의 대동맥 평활근 세포의 증식속도는 억제하지 못했으나 유주능은 유의하게 억제하였으며, 혈관 손상 모델에서 신생 내막 증식도 유의하게 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 작용은 알파­리포산에 의한 NF­μB 경로의 억제와 연관이 있는 것으로 사료된다. Background : Exposure to large amounts of glucose causes a characteristic dysfunction and morphologic changes of the endothelium by an increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in diabetes. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), which modulates fibrinolysis and cell migration may influence proteolysis and neointimal formation in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Antioxidants have been proposed to inhibit multiple proatherogenic events. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid on PAI-1 expression and VSMC proliferation and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In the in vitro study, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells(RASMC) were incubated in a medium containing high glucose (22 mM) and 100 nM angiotensin Ⅱ for 4 hour. After α-lipoic acidtreatment, a -migration and growth assay of the RASMC, and a gelmobility shift assay and reportergene analysis for nuclear factor- иB(NF- иB) and northern blot analysis for PAI-1 were performed. In the in vivo study, the effect of α-lipoic acid on neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid balloon injury model was evaluated. Results : RASMC migration was inhibited significantly by α-lipoic acid (p<0.01), but their prolife ration was not inhibited. The NF-иB DNA binding activity and NF-иB promoter activity was inhibited by α-lipoic acid significantly (p<0.01). α-lipoic acid inhibited PAI-1 mRNA expression by high glucose and angiotensin Ⅱ in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). In the rat carotid artery balloon injury model, neointimal formation was reduced by α-lipoic acid treatment in a dose dependent manner significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion : α-lipoic acid suppresses migration, but not prolife ration in RASMC. α-lipoic acid also reduce neointima formation in a rat carotid balloon injured model. This effect might be related to the blocking of NF-иB which increase the expression of the genes associated with atherosclerosis including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, endothelin-1, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, tissue factor(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25:446~459, 2001).

세균독소로 자극시킨 사람 섬유아 세포에서의 Interleukin-6와 Interleukin-8의 생성

정인교,양동규,홍시영,이성근,김욱규,김광혁,김종렬 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1999 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.21 No.4

Cytokines are hormone-like proteins which mediate and regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the final differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing cells. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a neutrophil chemotactic factor that plays an important role in the recruitment of neutrophil to inflammatory loci. Inflammatory mediators by cells in the gingiva have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontitis and oral infection. The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) on production ofIL-6 and IL-8 by human gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts. Primary cultured human gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts were incubated with LPS(0.01, 0.1, 1.0㎍/ml), SEB (0.01, 0.1, 1.0㎍/ml) or LPS (0.1㎍/ml) plus SEB (0.1㎍/ml). Culture supernatants were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hrs and assessed for IL-6 and IL-8 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 production in gingival fibroblasts stimulated with LPS was higher than that with SEB. IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-6 production in facial demal fibroblasts was increased only by stimulation with a high concertration of LPS (1.0㎍/ml). Its production in facial dermal fibroblasts by exposure with SEB was decreased in comparison with control, nontreated cells. Therefore, gingival fibroblasts showed higher sensitivity than facial dermal fibroblasts in response to low concentration of LPS. Also, IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB.IL-6 production in facial dermal fibroblasts was increased only by stimulation with a high concentration of LPS(1.0㎍/ml). Its production in facial dermal fibroblasts by exposure with SEB was decreased in comparison with control, nontreated cells. Therefore, gingival fibroblasts showed higher sensitvity than facial dermal fibroblasts in response to low concentration of LPS. Also, IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-8 production in gingival fibroblasts was enhanced greatly only by stimulation of high concentration of LPS (1.0㎍/ml). That by exposure with SEB was increased only in 24 hrs cultivation. IL-8 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-8 production in facial dermal fibroblasts was decreased by LPS and increased only in 48 hrs cultivation by SEB. IL-8 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was enhanced only in 48 hrs cultivation in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. therefore, IL-6 and IL-8 production were released at various quantities according to bacterial toxin applied and site of fibroblast harvested. These results suggest that gingival fibroblasts may be concerned with IL-6 and IL-8 related inflammatory response more than facial dermal fibroblasts.

室內環境實態와 設備의 國內現況 및 國際的 動向에 관한 調査硏究

辛同寅 충주대학교 1997 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.32 No.2

According to the analyzed result of this paperm compared with the legal standards of the indoor pollution in domistic with various standards abroad, the standard in Korea has less elements which is adapted as a dominator of the inner heating temperature and the air pollution than abroad. And also the standard does not always make a good inner environment. Moreover, it is state there is no any regulation achieved from the ready -built buildings .But fortunately this country regulated that the density of inner Co must be below 100mm. Compared with Europe and America, the quantity of the open air is much more. As a result, the symptoms of the building disease which is produced in Europe and America almost do not seem to happen in this country. Recently, with apperance of intelligent buildings in this country,buildings have been tried to design in using the environmental index of PMV and PPD in some new buildings. It has also been showing up in adapting of the new technique such as the cooling and heating rediant cooperation and the floor indraft cooperation. The coopration for wood, waving, perfume addition,unit has been concentrated more.The research like those is proceed by a degree. With that the closed building are increased more and more, the new working environment is created by using much of the OA.It is true that the office workers try to pursure their life on leisure.We have to be interested in this field around school and association in this country. Lastly, I would introduce much of the standard of the inner environment abroad which is not arranged and not introduced in this country even though it is general in this paper, if possible. I hope it helps those who are interested in it. In summarizing the analysis of the inner air pollution reality, we could realize that the result of the measurement shows that we live in the proper temperatrue on the whole. It appears that the major cause lies in the heating facilties. The rate of the centered heating type vs. the single heating type in the inner air pollution types by Co shows up that living room is 1:1.7. The main living room does 1:1.7. The Kichen does 1:2 Although the density is different to each heating type, the single heating type appears much higher than others. The air pollution rate of the inner air pollution type such as in the public building and the commercial building is 4 times as much as the minimum pernitted standard. The rate of the pollution density shows up the most serious in those place. When we check the rate of the average pollution density in the inner air pollution, the research of the inner envionment must be done because it is seuious in the winter season. If we analyze the air pollution density by carbonic acid gas, the density rate in each heating type shows that living room is 1:1.3, the main living room is 1:1.2, and kitchen is 1:1.5. We can know that the air pollution is not serious by each heating type. but the inner air pollution real state by Co₂in the commercial building and the public building is over 1000ppm, 98%, in 49places of the measured 50 places, compared with the permitted standard. There is also very serious places in the density of 2,000~5,000ppm. It shows up that the inner pollution in the commercial and public building is very serious.

정기 건강진단 결과와 THI 증상군과의 관련성 연구

조인숙,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

For the purpose of obtaining basic information about health status of white collar workers, authors studied 11,266 subjects who were employed for government organization and private educational institute in Seoul, Kyungbuk and Chungnam areas. All the subjects visited hospitals to take biannual health examination provided by Medical Insurance Association to screen several importan adult diseases. Todai Health Index(THI)questionnaire which is modified questionnaire of Conell Medical Index by Todai was selected for the quwstionnaire form of this study. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The abnormal rate of screening test was 22.6% in male, and 8.3% in female. The rate was increased more significantly in female subjects by the increase of age. 2. While the prevalence of male subjects was 6.1% in cardiovascular disease, 4.2% in liver disease, 2.5% in diabetic disease and 2.3% in pulmonary disease, that of female subjects was 1.5% in cardiovascular and anemic disease respectively, 1.2% in liver disease and 0.5% in pulmonary disease. 3. The mean weight of male and female subjects were 65.3 ±6.6㎏ and 52.9 ±6.6㎏ and the mean Broka's index of those were 68.4 ±5.3㎏ and 57.6±4.7㎏ respectively. 4. The mean diastolic pressure of male and female subjects were 82.2±11.2 and 74.9±10.4mmHg, and the mean serum systolic pressure of those were 125.8±15.5 and 115.4±13.7mmHg respectively. The mean total cholesterol in male was 178.8±35.9 and that in female subject was 167.9±34.6. 5. The mean SGOT of male and female subjects were 23.9±18.0 & 17.9±8.2, the mean of SGPT of those were 22.4±21.1 & 15.1±13.2 respectively. 6. Concerning to the question of present health condition, while 57.7% of males with age of less than 29 years old answered their health in good condition, 47.7% of female with age of 30-39 answered their health in good condition which is the lowest rate among total subject group. On the other hand, only 4.9% of female with age under 29 answered their health as bad, and 14.0% of male with age over 40 answered that their health was in bad condition. 7. Concerning to the question of health management, 50.9% of male and 44.1% of female whose age were over 40 years old answered that they were doing sonthing for their health with food diet, taking nutrient medicine and proper exercise. 8. The diet habit of young age group was irregular compared to older age group. The older age group was fond of salty food. 9. While the smoking rate of male was 65.4% in age group under 29 years, 61.8% in age group of 30-39 years and 52.6% in age group of over 40 years, that of female subjects were 0%, 0.3% and 1.6% respectively. 10. The highest prevalence rate of symptoms and signs during current 3 moths was observed in the age group of 30-39 in males and in the age group over 40 years in female and there was no differences of prevalence between normal group and diseased group. 11. While the most frequent symptom category of THI in male was mental instability, and depression symptoms, nervousness and respiratory symptoms were next in order of frequency, that of THI in female was mental instability, and depression symptoms, nervousness and multiple subjectve symptoms were next in order of feequnecy.