Associations of Plasma Glucagon Levels with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hua-Xing Huang,Liang-Lan Shen,Hai-Yan Huang,Li-Hua Zhao,Feng Xu,Dong-Mei Zhang,Xiu-Lin Zhang,Tong Chen,Xue-Qin Wang,Yan Xie,Jian-Bin Su 대한당뇨병학회 2021 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.45 No.6

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevated fasting glucagon and impaired suppression of postprandial glucagon secretion, which may participate in diabetic complications. Therefore, we investigated the associations of plasma glucagon with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in T2DM patients.Methods: Fasting glucagon and postchallenge glucagon (assessed by area under the glucagon curve [AUCgla]) levels were determined during oral glucose tolerance tests. Patients with an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g who presented with diabetic retinopathy were identified as having DKD.Results: Of the 2,436 recruited patients, fasting glucagon was correlated with eGFR and UACR (r=–0.112 and r=0.157, respectively; P<0.001), and AUCgla was also correlated with eGFR and UACR (r=–0.267 and r=0.234, respectively; P<0.001). Moreover, 31.7% (n=771) presented with DKD; the prevalence of DKD was 27.3%, 27.6%, 32.5%, and 39.2% in the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth quartile (Q4) of fasting glucagon, respectively; and the corresponding prevalence for AUCgla was 25.9%, 22.7%, 33.7%, and 44.4%, respectively. Furthermore, after adjusting for other clinical covariates, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence intervals) for DKD in Q2, Q3, and Q4 versus Q1 of fasting glucagon were 0.946 (0.697 to 1.284), 1.209 (0.895 to 1.634), and 1.521 (1.129 to 2.049), respectively; the corresponding ORs of AUCgla were 0.825 (0.611 to 1.114), 1.323 (0.989 to 1.769), and 2.066 (1.546 to 2.760), respectively. Additionally, when we restricted our analysis in patients with glycosylated hemoglobin <7.0% (n=471), we found fasting glucagon and AUCgla were still independently associated with DKD.Conclusion: Both increased fasting and postchallenge glucagon levels were independently associated with DKD in T2DM patients.

Identifying a Cinnamoyl Coenzyme A Reductase (CCR) Activity with 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligase (4CL) Reaction Products in Populus tomentosa

Dong-Dong Wang,Hua Bai,Wei-Qi Chen,Hai Lu,Xiang-Ning Jiang 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.5

A cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44), one of the key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, was cloned from Populus tomentosa (Chinese white poplar). At the same time, a 4CL1 gene was cloned from P. tomentosa, too. The two genes were subcloned in pQE31 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli M15. Both of them were purified by Ni-NTA. Purified CCR protein was digested by trypsin and analyzed by HPLC-MS; the peptide segments had 27% similarity with the sequence of the CCR protein. 4CL was thought to be a neighbor enzyme of CCR in lignin biosynthesis. In this paper, a 4CL1 from P. tomentosa was cloned, and its enzyme reaction products were extracted for the substrates of CCR. Three 4CL1 enzyme reaction products were monitored by HPLC-MS and then the CCR enzyme reaction was detected by GC-MS. In the CCR reaction, the three corresponding aldehyde (p-coumaraldehyde, caffealdehyde, and coniferaldehyde) were detected and identified by Frontier3 software. The results showed that the CCR that we cloned from P. tomentosa had affinities with 4CL1 enzyme reaction products and a ptCCR that was cloned from aspen (Li et al., Plant Cell Physiol 46(7):1073–1082, 2005) only had affinity with feruloyl-CoA. The different results maybe depend on the different study method. The method of exacting 4CL enzyme products as the substrates of CCR in the paper was reliable and can be used in lignin biosynthesis network to detect the enzymes in the neighborhood that depended on the polarity of the substrates and products. This CCR gene had eight homology sequence CCR gene when a BLAST was conducted in Populus trichocarpa genome database. The CCR homology genes in Populus suggested that some CCRs may take part in the lignin biosynthesis, too. The gene family would be the hot spot in the future study.

Synthesis of dioxanes via Prins reaction catalyzed by acyclic acidic ionic liquids

Dong Fang,Chang-mei Jiao,Hua-bin Zhang,Bao-hua Ji 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.2

Some recyclable acyclic SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids have been used as environmentally benign catalysts for the synthesis of dioxanes by Prins reaction. The products could simply be separated from the catalysts by decantation. After separation from the reaction mixture the catalysts could be recycled and reused for several times without a noticeable decrease in the catalytic activity.

Restricting Factors and Countermeasures of Development in Business Services Industry of Shandong Province

Dong Hua Lin,Wen Xiu Zhai 한국유통과학회 2013 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2013 No.-

Firstly, this article expounds that business service industry plays an important role in adjusting industrial structure, transforming mode of economic growth, improving people's living standards, enhancing Enterprise's Kernel Competitiveness and promoting the development of service industry. Then it analyzes the development of business services in Shandong from two perspectives. The first perspective, by using methodology for statistical analysis, it will review the development scale, professional level, the number of opening units, quantity of employment, and operating revenue of business services in Shandong. On this basis, the article will summarize its development characteristics, experience and existing shortcomings. The second perspective, by using comparison analysis methodology, to compare the development of Shandong with Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanghai’s and found the subjective and objective factors that restrict the development of business service industry in Shandong. In the light of restricting factors, countermeasures have been developed based on the experience at home and abroad. These countermeasures will contribute to promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, improving industrial competitiveness and speeding up the economic development rapidly and stably.

Hybrid Visual Servoing for Rivet-in-hole Insertion Based on Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control

Hua Liu,Weidong Zhu,Huiyue Dong,Huiyue Dong 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.8

Aiming at solving the rivet-in-hole insertion problem of the complement riveting process, a novel hybridvisual servoing controller is proposed for an automatic drilling and riveting system, in which, combination ofvisual and laser sensor feedback is adopted to determine the relative pose errors of the rivet with respect to thehole. To compensate the system uncertainties, a super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) is designed toprovide continuous control inputs, and the end-effector can move to the desired pose by exponentially decreasingthe feature errors. The proposed control scheme not only guarantees the stability of the control system but alsoprovides a robust and quick rivet spot-positioning in the presence of manipulator errors and external disturbancesof the riveting system. Finally, rivet-in-hole insertion experiments were conducted, the results show that accuratepositioning can be achieved within a finite time (1∼5s) which meets the demand of high-efficiency and flexibilityin the riveting process since it can achieve global convergence from any initial camera pose as long as the hole is inthe field-of-view (FOV) and the laser displacement sensors are in the working range at the beginning.

Nephrin phosphorylation regulates podocyte adhesion through the PINCH-1-ILK-α-parvin complex

Dong Qing Zha,Cheng Chen,Cheng Chen,Xing Hua Chen,Tean Ma,Hong Xia Yang,Harry Van Goor,Guo Hua Ding 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.4

Ruminant Nutrition : Effects of Synchronization of Energy and Nitrogen Release in the Rumen on the Starch Disappearance in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Growth Performance of Hanwoo Steers

( Dong Hua Li ),( Young Kyoon Oh ),( Sang Rak Lee ),( Seong Ho Choi ),( Ok Ji Un ),( Yong Joo Seol ),( Whan Gook Nho ),( Sang Ho Moon ),( Kyoung Hoon Kim ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.6

The objectives of experiments were to compare directly the effects of synchrony of slowly fermented(corn and corn gluten meal; C-CGM) and of rapidly fermented ingredients(barley and soybean meal; B-SBM) in the rumen on starch disappearances in gastrointestinal tracts(Experiment 1) and growth performance(Experiment 2) of Hanwoo steers in the feedlot barn. In experiment 1, four Hanwoo steers(288±21kg) fitted with ruminal and "T" shaped duodenal cannula were placed in one pen with Calan gate and assigned randomly to a duplicate 2×2 Latin square design. In experiment 2, eight intact Hanwoo steers(311 ±8kg) were assigned randomly to one of two pens with Calan gate to evaluate the effect of the same diets as like in experiment 1 on growth performance. There were no differences in ruminal pH, ammonia and total VFA concentrations between treatments. Percentage of apparent ruminal starch disappearance was 33.3% unit lower(p<0.05) for steers fed C-CGM than for steers fed B-SBM diets and this difference resulted in 268% higher(p<0.05) in duodenal starch flows for steers fed C-CGM diet than for steers fed B-SMB diet. There was significant increase(p<0.05) in quantity(927 vs. 400 g/d) of corn starch digested post-ruminally compared to barley starch. However, percentage of starch apparently digested post-ruminally was 8% higher(p=0.1) in steers fed fast synchrony diet with B-SBM than in steers fed slow synchrony diets with C-CGM. The differences of percentage and amount of starch apparently digested post-ruminally between C-CGM and B-SBM diets did not affect rice straw DM intake, average daily gain(ADG) and feed efficiency. In conclusion, there is some uncertainty in regards to the relationship between site of starch digestion and DM intake, ADG, and feed efficiency in this study.

β3GnT8 Regulates Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation Via Targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-β1

Hua, Dong,Qin, Fang,Shen, Li,Jiang, Zhi,Zou, Shi-Tao,Xu, Lan,Cheng, Zhi-Hong,Wu, Shi-Liang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Previous evidence showed ${\beta}1$, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (${\beta}3GnT8$), which can extend polylactosamine on N-glycans, to be highly expressed in some cancer cell lines and tissues, indicating roles in tumorigenesis. However, so far, the function of ${\beta}3GnT8$ in laryngeal carcinoma has not been characterized. To test any contribution, Hep-2 cells were stably transfected with sense or interference vectors to establish cell lines that overexpressed or were deficient in ${\beta}3GnT8$. Here we showed that cell proliferation was increased in ${\beta}3GnT8$ overexpressed cells but decreased in ${\beta}3GnT8$ knockdown cells using MTT. Furthermore, we demonstrated that change in ${\beta}3GnT8$ expression had significant effects on tumor growth in nude mice.We further provided data suggesting that overexpression of ${\beta}3GnT8$ enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at both the mRNA and protein levels, associated with shedding of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase TIMP-2. In addition, it caused increased production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$), whereas ${\beta}3GnT8$ gene knockdown caused the reverse effect. The results may indicate a novel mechanism by which effects of ${\beta}3GnT8$ in regulating cellular proliferation are mediated, at least in partvia targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-${\beta}1$ in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. The finding may lay a foundation for further investigations into the ${\beta}3GnT8$ as a potential target for therapy of laryngeal carcinoma.

Effects of contraction-type impeller on non-overloaded performance for low-specific-speed sewage pump

Hua Zhang,Bin Chen,Wei-dong Shi,Zhong-yong Pan,Wei-dong Cao 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.3

With the expansion of the engineering application of solid-liquid two-phase flow, the overload characteristics of low-specific-speedsewage pumps become an important obstacle to the development of the products. In this paper, the traditional diffusion-type impeller isutilized to carry out hydraulic design of a low-specific-speed sewage pump. And on this basis, the thickness of the blades is increased forgetting an impeller with contractive-type flow channel. It was found out that through external characteristics, the efficiency of contraction-type impeller is slightly lower than that of diffusion-type impeller, but it shows obvious non-overload performance. PIV experimentis arranged to find the inherent. The results show that although internal flow field distribution of contraction-type impeller is better thanthat of diffusion-type impeller, the severe uneven distribution of absolute velocity of the impeller outlet along the circumference is one ofmain reasons of inefficiency. In addition, another five impellers with different contraction ratio are designed to research relationship betweencontraction ratio and character of non-overload. The characteristics are predicted by CFD, and after comparing the results, it isfound out that, the smaller the contraction ratio is, the closer the condition of power extreme is to the design condition, which has importantimplications for the engineer.

Micrococcus endophyticus sp. nov., isolated from surface-sterilized Aquilaria sinensis roots.

Chen, Hua-Hong,Zhao, Guo-Zhen,Park, Dong-Jin,Zhang, Yu-Qin,Xu, Li-Hua,Lee, Jae-Chan,Kim, Chang-Jin,Li, Wen-Jun Society for General Microbiology 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.5

<P>A Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated YIM 56238(T), was isolated from plant roots (Aquilaria sinensis), and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM 56238(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0 and at 28 degrees C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 56238(T) indicated that it belongs to the genus Micrococcus. Chemotaxonomic data strongly supported the classification of this strain within the genus Micrococcus: the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine; the predominant menaquinones were MK-8(H(2)) (63.6 %) and MK-7(H(2)) (21.1 %); the phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown ninhydrin-negative phospholipid; and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (30.95 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (53.75 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.9 mol%. A number of physiological features were found that clearly distinguished strain YIM 56238(T) from recognized species of the genus Micrococcus. DNA-DNA hybridization studies suggested that the novel strain represents a separate genomic species. On the basis of the data, therefore, strain YIM 56238(T) represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus, for which the name Micrococcus endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 56238(T) (=DSM 17945(T)=KCTC 19156(T)).</P>