Study on the differential gene expression of elm leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki

Hai‑bo Lu,Ling‑pin Jin,Dong Wei,Zhi‑hong Huang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.12

Background To study the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation is very important. Objective To investigate the differential gene expression in leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki and to provide a basis for the better understanding of the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation. Methods The infected leaves of the elm were divided into three periods: initial formation period (T2), growth and differentiation period (T3), and cracking period (T4). The untouched leaves were used as the control (T1). RNA-Seq was performed, and the high-quality sequences were mapped to the reference genome and the elm gene database to obtain the gene expression profiles. The expression level of each gene was calculated by the RPKM method. A combination of FDR ≤ 0.01 and the absolute value of |log2 ratio (T/CK)| ≥ 2 was used as the threshold to determine the significance of gene expression. Finally, GO and pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify the significantly enriched functional classification and metabolic pathways in DEGs. Results The results revealed that approximately 244 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T2, including 192 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated mRNAs; approximately 175 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T3, including 145 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated mRNAs; and approximately 372 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T4, including 360 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated mRNAs. Approximately 34 differentially expressed genes were identified by Venn analysis. Comparing the three infection periods to the control, there were 28 up-regulated and six down-regulated mRNAs. Additionally, 562 genes were used for cluster analysis, which revealed that the gene expression in T2 and T3 changed greatly. Genes related to cell proliferation and respiration, such as microtubulin and 6-phosphoric acid fructose kinase were mainly up-regulated during the T2 period. Genes encoding lipoxygenase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and protease inhibitor were up-regulated during T2 and T3. Genes encoding lignocellulose synthase were up-regulated during T4, which suggests the reinforcement of the cell wall to improve the resistance to the damage of the Tetraneura akinire Sasaki. Conclusions The results showed that the feeding of Tetraneura akinire Sasaki caused the differential expression of elm genes and influenced cellular energy metabolism. These changes in physiological response and gene expression of the elm compose the physiological and molecular basis of the gall formation and may improve the resistance of elm to Tetraneura akinire Sasaki.

루쏘의 이원성과 여성관

金惠東 慶熙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

반향제거기 성능분석에 관한 연구

金東龍,曺海豊 全北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network) can be standardized digital transmission of various voice and data information. In digital transmissions, simultaneous two-way transmission of data signals over two-wire circuits can, in principle, be achieved by the application of hybrid couplers. In a two-wire full-duplex transmission circuit, a transversal filter, a lookup table and multi-RAM(m-RAM) are generally proposed for Echo Canfellation Method(ECM), and the adaptation algorithms are prepared for them. In this paper we describe convergence performance of ECM with sign algorthm, and to find out the result we used computer simulations.

民話에 나타난 美意識에 관한 연구

朴海東 대구산업정보대학 1998 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

Min-wha stemmed from the populace, was painted for the populace, was developed and maintained by the populace. It was also utilized by the illustrious officials, countrymen as well as at the royal court. In the course of formation of the type, Min-wha continued to take up the new materials and adapted itself to them. Therefore, it can be characterized by the fact that mind and aesthetic consiousness of the Korean were expressed most concretly. On this Point, artistic quality is not objective examination but it is about to prescribe emotional characteristic of artist to himself feeling imagenaton and thinking The principal point of this thesis extracted expressional element that reflect artist emotion and psychalogical intention in order to prescribe characteristics involved in Min Wha. The research on the emotion and aesthetic consciousness requires the thorostudy of all the cultures from the ancient dimes to the modem times. This thesis id confines to the Min-wha that was produced during thd period of 17C, the late chosun dynasty. Thus, it is somewhat unjust and leaves something to be desired. But it is hoped to be a trial to recover true ourselves in this rapidly changing world.

In-Situ 반응소결에 의한 전도성 Si₃N₄-TiN 복합세라믹스 제조

이병택,박동수,윤여주,김해두 공주대학교 자원재활용 신소재 연구센터 1999 1차년도 센터 성과집 Vol.1999 No.-

전도성 Si₃N₄-TiN세라믹 복합재료를 제조하기 위해 성형체를 1450℃에서 20시간 질화처리한 후 1950℃에서 3.5시간 가스압소결 기술에 의해 후소결하였다. 초기 분말로 약 10㎛로 된 상용 Si분말, 100mesh와 325mesh로 된 Ti분말, 그리고 미세한 2.5㎛ Ti분말을 사용하였다. Ti분말을 사용한 Si₂N₄-TiN소결체에서 상대밀도 및 파괴인성값은 다량의 조대한 기공의 존재로 인하여 낮은 값을 보였다. 그러나 Ti분말을 사용한 Si₃N₄-TiN복합체에서 파괴인성, 파괴강도, 및 전기저항은 각각 5.07MPaㆍm1/2, 624MPa 그리고 1400Ωm였다. 복합체에서 TiN 입자의 분산은 Si₃N₄입자의 조대한 봉상형태로의 성장을 방해아며 Si₂N₄/TiN계면에 강한 변형장을 만든다. Si₂N₄-TiN복합체의 전기전도도 및 기계적 특성을 향상시키기 위해 TiN 입자가 균일하게 분산된 미세조직 제어가 요망된다. In order to maek the electroconductive Si₂N₄-TiN composites, the Si-Ti(N) compacts were nitrided at 1450℃ for 20hours, and thhn they post-sintered by a gas-pressure-sintering technique at 1950℃ for 3.5hours. As starting powders, commercial Si powder of about 10㎛, two types of Ti poweders, the relative density and fracture strength and electrical conductivity are low due to the existence of large amounts of coarse pores. However, in the Si₃N₄-TiN composite used Tin powder, the fracture toughness, fracture strength and electrical resistivity were 5.07MPaㆍm1/2, 624MPa and 1400Ωcm, respectively. The dispersion of TiN particles in the composite inhibited the growht of Si₃N₄, in the shape of rod and made strong strain field contrasts at the Si₃N₄/TiN interfaces. It was recognized that microstructural control is required to improve the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of Si₃N₄-TiN composites vy dispersing TiN particles homogeneously.

高速液體크로마토그라프法에 의한 錠劑 중 Strychnine Nitrate 및 Yohimbine Hydrochloride 의 同時定量

李允中,曺正吉,李東宣,丁海秀 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.1

A simple, rapid extraction and simultaneous determination for yohimbine hydrochloride and strychnine nitrate in tablets, using high performance liquid chromatography with a reverse-phase solvent system, is described. Samples were extracted with 50% methanol by sonication. The extracts were filtrated and applied to HPLC. HPLCs of yohimbine hydrochloride and strychnine nitrate were carried out on μ-Bondapak C_18 Radial-pak cartridge(8mm i.d. x 10 cm) and CH_3CN/H_2O/CH_3COOH=20/78/2 for the solvent system. Recoveries from model preparations were more than 98%. This method was considered to be useful for the determination of yohimbine hydrochloride and strychnine nitrate in tablets at the same time.

단일 사례 사격선수의 집중루틴 훈련의 효과

장덕선,김병준,구해모,신동성 한국스포츠심리학회 2004 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 소총사수 P의 집중력 훈련에 관한 것이다. P 선수는 만 21세의 남자선수로서 운동경력은 8년이며, 10M 공기소총이 주종목이다. 집중력훈련은 단일사례실험 중 가장 단순한 시계열 설계인 AB 설계를 적용하였다. A단계에서 집중력, 주의력 질문지가 1-2주 간격으로 4회 반복측정 되었으며, B단계는 7월-10월까지 집중력 훈련이 진행되는 기간으로 개별면담과 질문지 측정, 수행평가를 위한 시합기록이 수집되었다. 집중력 질문지는 1개월에 1회 측정되었고, 주의력 검사지는 집중훈련 전과 후에 각각 한차례 시행되었다. 집중 루틴은 선수의 개인적 습관과 장점을 최대한 존중하여 훈련과 최고시합 때 습관적으로 하는 행동과 생각을 포함시켜 상당한 시합 부담 상황에서도 최고시합때의 행동과 생각의 흐름을 유지할 수 있도록 강력한 의미를 가진 행위와 키워드로 구성하였다. 완성된 루틴 프로그램은 4개월 훈련 후 집중력과 주의력, 수행평가를 실시하였다. 훈련결과 루틴 훈련은 집중조절 능력을 향상시켰으며, 주의유형은 긍정적인 형태는 증가하고 부정적 형태는 감소하였다. 수행 기록은 루틴 훈련 과정에서 출전한 5회 시합에서 모두 결선에 진출하므로서 수행향상에도 기여한 것으로 밝혀졌다. This study is about a concentration training of a rifle Marksman, P, The male Marksman P is 21 years old, and has played a rifle for eight years. His major is 10M air rifle. We apply AB design which is the simplest time-series design among single case experiments. In A step, we have applied the questionnaire for examining the ability of concentration and attentiveness for four times at an interval of 1 or 2 weeks. In B step, we developed a programme for improving the concentration training and applied it to the player. During the training in B step, which had continued from July to October, we have collected individual interviews, survey, records of games in order to evaluate achievement. The questionnaire for concentration has been served once a month, and the TAIS has been operated once each time before and after the concentration training. The concentration routine is directed to the way of considering the athlete's personal habit and merit most. Therefore, the concentration routine includes the essential matters of habitual acting and thought in ordinary training and in the final match. The concentration routine is consist of powerful meaningful movement and keyword in order to maintain the stream of movement and thought at the final match even though the Marksman is under the heavy pressure of the game. The practice evaluation has been done by a completed routine programme after the four-month-training. After examining the result of the evaluation, the concentration training improves the ability of controlling concentration. The positive type of TAIS is increased and the negative type is decreased. About the record of achievement, the player had advanced to the final once before the training, on the other hand, advanced to all the five final matches after the training. Consequently, it is discovered that the concentration training contributes to the achievement.

모세관 전기영동 장치를 이용한 음이온계 계면활성제의 분석

정혁,김승선,이병민,강호철,이원,김해동 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구소 1995 환경과학 Vol.2 No.-

모세관 전기영동 장치를 이용하여 금속 표면 세척제(상품명 BFA와 BCA) 2종에 포함된 음이온 계면활성제 대한 정성 및 정량분석을 수행하였다. Acetonitrile과 sodium benzoate를 포함하는 pH 10의 완충용액을 이용하여 18kV의 전압하에서 분리한 결과10^4 이상의 이론단수를 보이는 좋은 electropherogram을 얻을 수 있었다. S/N∼3인 농도를 기준으로 검출한계는 ∼5ppm이었으며 표준물질을 이용하여 얻은 검정곡선의 경우 농도가 10∼100ppm의 범위에서 ∼0.99 이상의 상관계수를 갖는 좋은 직선성을 보였으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 분석한 결과 BFA의 경우 음이온 계면활성제의 각 성분은 octanoate, decanoate, dodecanoate, tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate 등이었으며 상대비는 각각 1.0 : 1.0 : 6.5 : 2.1 : 0.8 이었다. Qualitative and quantitative analysis for the anionic surfactants used in the metal washing fluid (brand names are BFA and BCA) was performed by the capillary electroihoresis. Acetonitrile and sodium benzoate were mixed with the buffer solutioin which controlled at pH 10. Under the 18kV applied voltage, the electropherograms have shown the theoretical plates more that 10^4. Determined as the concentration at the S/N∼3, the typical detection limit was ∼5ppm and the calibration curves have shown the correlation coefficients higher than ∼0.99. Based on these results, it was concluded that each components were octanoate, decanoate, dodecanoate, tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate and the relative ratio was 1.0 : 1.0 : 6.5 : 2.1 : 0.8 for the BFA.

The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng protects cardiomyocyte from ischemic injury via caveolin-1 phosphorylation-mediating calcium influx

Hai-Xia Li,Yan Ma,Yu-Xiao Yan,Xin-Ke Zhai,Meng-Yu Xin,Tian Wang,Dong-Cao Xu,Yu-Tong Song,Chun-Dong Song,Cheng-Xue Pan 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6

Background: Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important rolein store-operated Ca2þ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protectionagainst myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributesto intracellular Ca2þ ([Ca2þ]i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed Panaxginseng (EPG) attenuated [Ca2þ]i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigatethe possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i against MI injury in neonatalrat cardiomyocytes and a rat model. Methods: PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca2þ]i concentration were analyzedin cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosiswere evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels ofcaveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH,cTnI and BNP was measured. Results: EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protectedcardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca2þ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiacapoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotectionof EPG. Conclusions: Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i.

Ramp-Strike Risk Evaluation Making of Carrier-Based Aircraft

Hai-tao Jiang,Xiao-dong Su,Hui Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.10

To make “Ramp-Strike Risk” evaluation making accurately, this paper introduces a new wave-off risk assessment method based on neural network of carrier-based aircraft. On account of defining “Wave-Off Retain Clearance”, the wave-off operation system with military power and vertical elevator is established as evaluation medium. The “Wave-Off Risk State Area” established by limited wave-off envelope can reduce network training burden, and the quantitative “Ramp-Strike Risk” function with flight state is presented through BP neural network finally. Simulation results show that the risk with flight states can be predicted by using new estimation method, moreover auxiliary rectification and early-warning for landing is provided.