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G292 세포에서 세포막 신장으로 활성화되는 K^+통로의 특성
이상국,정동근,서덕준,박수병 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.2
본 연구에서는 인체 골종양에서 유래한 G292세포를 이용하여 압력으로 세포막을 신장(stretch)시켰을 때 K+ 통로의 전기적 활성 변화를 연구하였다. 배양된 세포에서 유리전극을 이용하여 세포막 내측이 유리전극의 외부로 향하도록 inside-out patch를 얻어 단일이온통로전류를 막전압고정법 (patch clamp recording)으로 기록하였다. G292세포의 세포막 내외에 140 mM KCl용액이 있는 상태에서 유리전극내 전압을 -80 mV로 고정했을 때 전도성이 270±27 pS, 113±12 pS, 48±8 pS인 3가지 종류의 K+통로를 관찰하였다. 전도성이 낮은 48 pS의 K+ 통로는 모든 세포막에서 관찰하였으며 270 pS 및 113 pS의 K+ 통로는 일부 세포에서만 관찰하였다. 48 pS의 K+ 통로는 세포막 외측에 음의 전압을 가하면 활성화되고 양의 전압을 가하면 활성화되지 않는 외향성 정류특성을 보였다. 세포막 외측에 음압을 가하면 48pS의 K+통로는 활성화되었으며 이온 통로가 열리는 확률(Popen)이 가하는 압력에 비례하여 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 G292세포주에 3가지 종류의 K+통로가 존재하며 전도성이 낮은 48pS의 K+통로만이 세포막 신장에 의하여 직접적으로 활성화되는 특성을 보였다. 이러한 K+ 통로의 활성화는 세포가 기계적 자극을 받아 세포막이 신장되면 세포막전압을 과분극시키며 조골세포에서 기계적 강수기로서의 기능을 수행하여 조골세포의 골개조에 관여할 것으로 추측된다. K+-selective ion channels were studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from human osteoblast-like cells (G292). Three classes of K- channels were present and could be distinguished on the basis of conductance. Conductances were 270±27 pS, 113± 12 pS, 48±8 pS according to their approximate conductances in symmetrical 140 mM KCI saline at holding potential of -80 mV. It was found that the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel activation was dependent on membrane voltage. In current-voltage relationship, small conductance K+ channel showed outward rectification, and it was activated by the positive potential inside the membrane. In recordings, single channel currents were activayed by a negative pressure outside the membrane. The membrane pressure increased Popen of the K+ channel in a pressure-dependent manner. In the excised-patch clamp recordings, G292 osteoblast-like cells have been shown to contain three types of K+ channels. Only the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel is sensitive to the membrane stretch. These findings suggest that a hyperpolarizing current, mediated in part by this channel, may be associated with early events during the mechanical loading of the osteoblast. In G292 osteoblast-like cells, K+ channel is sensitive to membrane tension, and may represent a unique adaptation of the bone cell membrane to mechanical stress.
장정국,박동근,김미란 東西大學校 2001 동서논문집 Vol.7 No.-
This study was performed to provides the characteristics of flue gas producted from wood drying process. Generally, the flue gas producted from wood drying process was elutriated with a large amount of moisture and odorous compounds such as BTX and ethanol. Therefore, it is very difficult to select and design of flue gas control devices. In order to optimum design and selection of control devices, have to investigate the various parameters such as temperature, moisture contents and flow rate of flue gas. When the wood is almost dry(<10% moisture), the moisture contents of flue gas were very high (about 18.2 V/V%). It is equivalent to 320 ton/day moisture as 1100 ton wood/day induce to the drying process. The temperature of flue gas ranges from 140℃ to 150℃ in each dryer stack with exception of the input site of wood(about 110℃). Thevelocity of flue gas In each stack ranges from 1.7 to 9.7 m/sec. About 40 VOCs in the flue gas were analyzed, and the concentrations of major VOCs(ppm) were as follows respectively; benzen: 0.054∼0.052, toluene: 1.011∼2.547, ethylbenzen: 0.472∼2.023, m,p-xylene: 0.504∼3.245, styrene: 0.015∼0.148, o-xylene : 0.271∼1.097, ethanol: 11.2∼32.5, α-pinene: 0.908∼10.578, β-pinene: 0.982∼14.278.
植物凝集素 Trichosanthes kirilowii Max.및 개 赤血球에 依한 사람 血淸型에 關한 硏究
朴東鎬,文國鎭 고려대학교 의과대학 1988 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.25 No.1
Plant extracts as phytagglutinins stimulated research in basic and applied science. In basic science, they are especially investigated in the study of the role of carbohydrate moiety in biological macromolecules; in that, they are usually glycoproteins In applied science. especially in medicolegal part, blood group specific plant extracts were used to classify human blood types. Recently, for the new classification of human sera, panphytagglutinins have been used to classify human sera by inhibition properties of human sera to aggiutination reaction of panphytagglutinin with human or animal red blood cells. Trichosnthes kirilouii Max. extract acts as panphytagglutinin to dog red blood cells. So for tile new classification of human serum type, The author investigated 916 cases of fresh human sera, 100 cases of each human serum stains and whole blood stains, and compared them with other blood groups statistically. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Human sera could be classified into two groups. One group inhibited the agglutination reaction of T. kirilouii Max. extract to dog red blood cells, the other did not. 2. Among the investigated 916 cases of fresh human sera, the frequency of the former was 15% and the latter was 85%. 3. The human serum type classified by the agglutination inhibition of T. kirilouii extract to dog red blood cells by human sera showed no relatlon with ABO, H, Cl, ab.C, CCI, ab.P, PVI end Hp blood and serum types, respectly 4. This new classification of serum type may be available for the classification of blood stains.
세마포아 연산을 포함한 병렬 프로그램의 오류수정을 위한 추적 화일 분석
김동국,전용기 慶尙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.2
Parallel programs may show errors generated by incorrect interactions between concurrintly executing processes, as well as logical ones which are similar to in sequential programs. Specifically, it shows nondeterministic executions by races for shared variables during program executions with anonymous synchronizations. To analyze the races, we can obtain the safe orders which are deterministic execution orders through observing the partical orders of events in a sequential trace. The main goal of the paper is an implemintation of the algorithms which determine a set of the safe orders in a given trace file.
박동근,장정국,박태주 東西大學校 1997 동서논문집 Vol.3 No.1
The objectives of food waste composting are to treat the wastes and to reclaim valuable substances present in the wastes for possible reuse. In the process of food waste composting, however, the salt in the compost can be retained within the soil for extended periods of time. In this study, therefore, a series of experiments were carried out to investigate the leaching characteristics of the salts in the compost of food waste. The resalts obtained from this study can be concluded as follows: 1. The composting process reduced the amount of waste to management because the 80% of water content in the food waste was lowered to 10% of that in the compost, and organics substances in the food waste were decomposed into CO₂, NH₃, water, and various inorganic substances. 2. It was found that the amount of toxic substances such as heavy metals in the food waste were very little, therefore, the metal concentration might not cause any adverse effect on the growth of the corps. 3. The concentrations of leachable cations in the compost were 10∼20% higher than those in the food waste of around 1000 meq/kg. And, SAR of the leachates of the food waste and compost was around 3. 4. The leaching rate of the salts in the compost was decreased with increasing the composting period. Also, the electric conductivities of initial leachate were increased with increassing the mixing ratio of the compost to the soil used. 5. The threshold dose of the compost per day per unit area of the soil was estimated with the following equation: mmho 12.0meq·cm kg 1.65L Threshold dose= 5______ × ___________ × _______ × _____ cm L·mmho 1200meq d·㎡ = 0.08kg/㎡/d