진성이씨 이동표가의 언간 현황과 서체적 특징

정복동(Jeong, Bok-dong) 한국서예학회 2012 서예학연구 Vol.21 No.1

본고는 17세기 후반 숙종 시기의 문신인 나은 李東標(1644(인조22)-1700(숙종 26))가의 언간 서체를 통해 그의 언간 서체와 언간의 문장 구성 형식을 고찰하였다. 이동표가의 언간은 총 37건으로 그의 어머니에게 보낸 언간이 주를 이루며, 삼촌 이명익의 언간이 1건 있다. 필사된 시기는 1644-1700년이다. 언간에는 당시의 생활상과 과거제도에 관한 자료, 친모와 서모에 대한 상대경어법 사용의 차이점, 수신자에 따라 각각 다른 감성으로 표현한 서풍 등이 담겨있어서 언간의 형식뿐만 아니라 국어사·문화사 및 서예사 자료로도 그 가치가 높다. 언간의 형식은 언간을 받는 대상에 대한 경의를 나타내기 위하여 대두법을 적용하였다. 친모에게 쓴 언간은 이항식과 極行式으로 경의와 존경을 나타냈으며, 서모에게 쓴 언간은 隔間法의 차별화된 대두법이 적용되었다. 그러므로 친모와 서모에게 쓴 언간 두 편을 주 대상으로 삼아 언간의 문장 구성형식과 문자의 구조를 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 아울러 동일한 연결문자를 비교하여 시대적으로 서체가 변화된 특징을 파악하였다. 두 언간을 중심으로 문자의 구조를 비교 분석한 결과 단일문자의 자모는 두 언간 모두 대부분 가획으로 연속성을 드러낸 흘림체로 규정하였다. 특히 2-5음절 어절의 연결문자를 분석한 결과 친모에게 보낸 언간보다 서모에게 보낸 언간의 연결 정도가 30%가량 많으며, 서모에게 보낸 언간의 연결정도는 거의 80%나 된다. 이는 친모에 대한 존경하는 마음이 心手相應된 것으로 보인다. 초중성 합자와 초중종성 합자의 구조에서 서체의 특징은 서모에게 보낸 언간이 친모에게 보낸 언간보다 원필세가 많은 斜形 결구이며, 친모의 언간이 平形 결구로서 古雅한 意取를 보인다. 또한 ｢훈민정음해례본｣의 점획이 모음 ‘ㅜ’에 나타나고, 종성 ‘ㄹ’을 일필서로 직선화하였으며, 횡모음을 짧게 절제하여 결자 한 것 등은 한자 행초서의 영향을 받은 것으로, 한글 서체의 형성이 한자의 필의와 무관하지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 동일한 어절의 연결된 문자를 비교 분석한 결과 1670년대보다 1680년대 이후의 서풍이 더욱 맑고 견강하게 정제되었다. 이동표의 독창적인 한글 흘림체는 17세기 후반 사대부가에 유행한 행초서의 연면체 서풍에서 어느 정도 영향을 받았고, 선조들로부터 계승되어온 가풍과 학풍을 연마하여 자신만의 淸勁高逸한 한글서체를 완성한 것으로 보인다. 이는 한글서예사에서 18세기 이후 완성될 궁체와 추사체 형성을 예견할 수 있는 서체라고 할 수 있다. In this paper are treated the type of Korean letters and how to build their sentence from the family of Naeun Lee Dong-pyo (李東標; 1644 (the 22nd year of King Injo government)-1700 (the 26th year of King Sukjong government)) who served as a civil minister in the late 17th century of Chosun Dynasty. The total number of Lee Dong-pyo family's letters is 37, most of which were written by Lee Dong-pyo to his mother and one by his uncle Lee Myeong-ik. These letters are assumed to be written during 1644-1700. From the Korean letters, we could find the living conditions at that time, the documents for civil service examination, and the use of different honorific expressions for his mother and his father's concubine, and various styles of calligraphy, which are all highly valued as references for studying the history of Korean language, culture and calligraphy. In the form of the Korean letters, Daedu (leaving a blank before the name of a receiver in order to show the sender's respect for the receiver) is applied, and this method is differently used between the letters for his mother (placing a first letter on the top line of the next sentence to show respect) and the letters for his father's concubine (leaving one or two blank before letter to show respect). Two Korean letters received by his mother and his father's concubine are mainly selected for analysis of the formality of making sentences and the structure of characters. Along with it, connected characters are compared to understand the change of the style of handwriting over time. The result of the comparison of the two Korean letters for the structure of characters shows that the Korean alphabet of a single letter uses Heullim style, which has the continuity of creating a new letter by adding stroke in both of them. In particular, from the analysis of connected letters of 2-5 syllables, it could be found that the degree of connectivity of Korean letters sent to his father's concubine is about 30% higher than for his mother, and in total the degree is up to 80% for his father's concubine, which seems that more respect for his mother is naturally expressed through mind drawing. In the calligraphic features of a letter combined by initial consonant and vowel and one of initial consonant, vowel and final consonant, the Korean letters to his father's concubine show more tilt type, compared with those for his mother, while the Korean letters for his mother revealing some elegance. In addition, all the dots and strokes in HunMinJeongEumHaeRyeBon are expressed at the vowel ‘ㅜ’, and the final consonant ‘ㄹ’ is expressed as the form of straight line and horizontal vowels are intentionally shortened, which all indicates the formality of the Korean letters is influenced by the Chinese Haengseo and Choseo calligraphic styles. And the analysis of connected letters of the same Eojeol (generally a word) shows that his calligraphic style of the late 1680 has something clearer, stronger and more refined than that in 1670. Lee Dong-pyo's peculiar Hangul Heullim style is a little affected by Yeonmyeon style which was popular among Confucian scholars in the late 17th century and he learned hard his family tradition and academic one and made his own Hangul style. This may be a precursor of Gung style and Chusa style which both will be completed in the late 18th century.

壬子本沈淸歌硏究

심동복(Shim Dong-Bok) 국어문학회 2010 국어문학 Vol.48 No.-

오늘날 〈심청전〉에 대한 연구가 여러 가지 측면에서 본격적으로 진행되고 있는 터에 새로 발굴된 〈심청가〉를 연구하게 된 것을 보람 있는 일이라고 생각한다. 〈심청가〉는 구성상으로는 경판본의 후대적 징후로 무대상의 변화가 잇고 몇 명의 인물이 더 첨가되었으며, 완판본보다는 몇 명의 인물이 생략되었다. 사건 전개에 있어서도 경판본보다 약간 복잡하게 처리되어 있고, 완판본보다는 비교적 단순하여 경판본과 완판본의 중간에 위치하는 과도기적 이본임이 드러났다. 내용면에서도 완판본의 장면보다 생략된 점이 있고 통속면에서도 경판본은 간결하고 소박하나, 완판본은 풍성한 통속성을 가지는데 〈심청가〉는 완판본의 경우에 비해서 약화되어 과도기적 양상을 보이고 있다. 또한 〈심청가〉는 희곡적 성격과 장편가사로서의 면모를 나타내고 있어 하나의 작품이면서 서사문학적 구조 위에 몇 가지 장르의 성격을 입체적으로 겸유함으로써 이본적 특성과 함께 독자적 가치를 드러내고 있다. 따라서, 〈심청전〉의 판소리화 내지는 연극화 그리고 표현문체의 가사화 등에 시사하는 바가 크다고 하겠다. Today, the study of 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 is developing by several ways. In this time, it is very meaningful to study 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 which is founded recently. 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 is composed the change of the stage and is added some characters in KyeongPan-Bon. But some of characters are omitted comparing with WanPan-Bon. In developing happenings, it is a little complicated than KyeongPan-Bon and a little simple than WanPan-Bon. Thus it become known that it is a different Bon which is between KyeongPan-Bon and WanPan-Bon in s transition period. In contents, it is a little omitted than the scene of WanPan-Bon. In a common custom, it is a little weak than WanPan-Bon and it showed a situation of transition period. Even though KyeongPan-Bon's common custom is simple and plain, and WanPan-Bon's common custom is fruitful. Also, 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 has the character of a drama and an aspect of a long words of song. It is a work of art and has several characters of genre in descriptive literal construction. Therefore, it has creative value with characteristics of a different Bon. In accordance with, 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 rendered great service to be the pansori, to be the play and to be the words of a song is a literary style of expression.

그란닥신 정(토피소팜 50mg)에 대한 토핌 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,허수희,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.2

Tofisopam is a new type of tranquilizer valuable for the relief of anxiety and tension in a wide range of emotional disorders. Tofisopam has the therapeutic characteristics of a minor tranquilzer and a mild stimulatory effect. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two tofisopam tablets, Grandaxin^TM (Hwan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Tofim^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 23.11±2.83 years in age and 65.43±7.64 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 50 mg of tofisopam was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of tofisopam in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Grandaxin^TM were -5.59%, 2.22% and -13.18%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.10 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.95% and 19.34% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.10, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 95.21% and 81.93%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -15.64∼4.45 and -10.77∼15.21 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Tofim^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Grandaxin^TM tablet.

그란닥신 정(토피소팜 50 mg)에 대한 토핌 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,허수희,임동구,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Tofisopam is a new type of tranquilizer valuable for the relief of anxiety and tension in a wide range of emotional disorders. Tofisopam has the therapeutic characteristics of a minor tranquilzer and a mild stimulatory effect. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two tofisopam tablets, Grandaxin^TM (Hwan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Tofim^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 23.11±2.83 years in age and 65.43±7.64㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 x 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 50㎎ of tofisopam was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of tofisopam in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Grandaxin^TM were -5.59%, 2.22% and -13.18%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.10 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.95% and 19.34% for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.10, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 95.21% and 81.93%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -15.64∼4.45 and -10.77∼-15.21 for AUC_t, and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Tofim^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Grandaxin^TM tablet.

니세틸 정(아세틸-엘-카르니틴 500 mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,김은아,정현철,심영순,임동구,오인준,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetiler^TM (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^TM (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07 7.98㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^TM tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_max were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^TM tablet.

니세틸 정(아세틸 - 엘 - 카르니틴 500mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,오인준,이용복,임동구,문재동,심영순,김은아,정현철 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.1

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetile^(TM) (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^(TM) (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07±7.98 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 × 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 ㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^(TM) tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_(max) were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (△) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^(TM) tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^(TM) tablet.

SAW 센서를 이용한 스마트구조의 변형율 측정

김기복,윤동진 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

스마트 구조물 내부에 매설되어 구조물 내부의 변형을 검출할 수 있는 표면탄성파(SAW)센서를 개발하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 LiTaO_3 압전기판 위에서 빗살형 전극의 폭과 간격이 각각 10㎛인 SAW 센서를 설계·제작하였으며 전극은 박막증착 공정으로 두께 1000 Å의 알루미늄으로 제작하였다. 제작된 SAW 센서를 Plexiglas 재질의 외팔보에 부착하여 변형에 따른 SAW의 주파수 변화를 검출하고자 하였다. 스트레인게이지를 이용하여 SAW 센서의 출력과 비교하였다. 제작된 SAW 센서는 설계 주파수보다 낮은 주파수 특성을 나타내었으며 외팔보의 변형에 대하여 거의 선형적인 주파수 변화특성을 나타내었다. 향후 고온 제작 공정이 요구되는 스마트 구조에 매설되어 내부의 변형을 검출할 수 있는 스마트 구조용 센서로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 나타났다.

고추의 品質을 결정하는 成分形質에 對한 Heterosis表現과 組合能力

朴載福,韓東旭 서울市立大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Since the discovery of genetic-cytoplasmic made sterility of hot pepper, many F₁varieties were come out in Korea. Thus, to clarify the inheritance mode of some important quality characters of hot pepper, heterosis, combining ability and gene actions were estimated with diallel crosses among 6 hot pepper varieties. The materials were grown in the field and were served for genetic analysis. The results of F₁diallel cross for some quality characters were as follows. 1. In carotenoid content, significant heterosis was showed, while it was not showed in capsaicin, vitamine C, sugar and free amino acid content. 2. The continuous variation was obserbed in the quality characters of hot pepper such as capsaicin, carotenoid, vitamine C, sugar, and free amino acid content. 3. Besides the additive control, some combinations showed the epistasis or complementary control of polygene, and dominant major gene seemed to be effect, too. 4. The mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) for all studied characters were highly significant, but those of specific combining ability (SCA) were not significant. 5. Capsaicin content were positively correlated with carotenoid content while it was not negatively correlated with vitamin C, sugar, and free amino acid content. 6. Fruit weight was negatively correlated with capsaicin and carotenoid content, while it was negatively correlated with vitamine C, sugar, and free amino acid content. 7. To improve the F₁ hybrid with large fruit and high capsaicin content, selection of breeding materials was indispensable problem. This work was also showed possibility to breed the high quality varieties contained a plenty of vitamine C and amino acid.

양돈폐수로부터의 수소 생성 특성

장영복,정태영,차기철,정형근,김성헌,김동진,유익근 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The characteristics of H₂ production from livestock wastewater were investigated through an anaerobic acid forming process using Clostridium beijerinckii and the photosynthetic process using Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The submerged separation membrane was installed in the acid forming reactor. The photosynthetic process is composed of two reactors(photosynthetic reactor 1 and photosynthetic reactor 2) which is connected continually. The removal rate of COD and the production of volatile fatty acid(VFA) in the acid forming process were approximately 50% and 1000㎎/ L, respectively. The 70% of COD in the effluent of acid forming process was removed through the photosynthetic process. The production of H₂ in the photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 50 and 25mLH₂/gVFA_(COD), respectively. The values of Y in acid forming reactor, photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 0.2263, 0.0601 and 0.0393, respectively. The acetic acid and butyric acid produced in acid forming process were converted to H₂ by photosynthetic bacteria.

대기 및 CO₂/O₂분위기 하에서의 저탄소강의 산화

이동복 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2006 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.44 No.3