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EXTENSION OF CFD CODES APPLICATION TO TWOPHASE FLOW SAFETY PROBLEMS
DOMINIQUE BESTION 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.4
This paper summarizes the results of a Writing Group on the Extension of CFD codes to two-phase flow safety problems,which was created by the Group for Analysis and Management of Accidents of the Nuclear Energy Agency’s Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (NEA-CSNI). Two-phase CFD used for safety investigations may predict small scale flow processes, which are not seen by system thermalhydraulic codes. However, the two-phase CFD models are not as mature as those in the single phase CFD and potential users need some guidance for proper application. In this paper, a classification of various modelling approaches is proposed. Then, a general multi-step methodology for using two-phase-CFD is explained,including a preliminary identification of flow processes, a model selection, and a verification and validation process. A list of 26 nuclear reactor safety issues that could benefit from investigations at the CFD scale is identified. Then, a few issues are analyzed in more detail, and a preliminary state-of-the-art is proposed and the remaining gaps in the existing approaches are identified. Finally, guidelines for users are proposed.
DOMINIQUE BESTION,ANTOINE GUELFI 한국원자력학회 2005 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.37 No.6
Thermalhydraulic reactor simulation of tomorrow will require a new generation of codes combining at least three scales, the CFD scale in open medium, the component scale and the system scale. DNS will be used as a support for modelling more macroscopic models. NEPTUNE is such a new generation multi-scale platform developed jointly by CEA-DEN and EDF-R&D and also supported by IRSN and FRAMATOME-ANP. The major steps towards the next generation lie in new physical models and improved numerical methods. This paper presents the advances obtained so far in physical modelling for each scale. Macroscopic models of system and component scales include multi-field modelling, transport of interfacial area, and turbulence modelling. Two-phase CFD or CMFD was first applied to boiling bubbly flow for departure from nucleate boiling investigations and to stratified flow for pressurised thermal shock investigations. The main challenges of the project are presented, some selected results are shown for each scale, and the perspectives for future are also drawn. Direct Numerical Simulation tools with Interface Tracking Techniques are also developed for even smaller scale investigations leading to a better understanding of basic physical processes and allowing the development of closure relations for macroscopic and CFD models.
Dominique A. Cadilhac,Joosup Kim,Geoffrey Cloud,Craig S. Anderson,Emma K. Tod,Sibilah J. Breen,Steven Faux,Timothy Kleinig,Helen Castley,Richard I. Lindley,Sandy Middleton,Bernard Yan,Kelvin Hill,Bret 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.1
Background and Purpose Changes to hospital systems were implemented from March 2020 in Australia in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, including decreased resources allocated to stroke units. We investigate changes in the quality of acute care for patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack during the pandemic according to patients’ treatment setting (stroke unit or alternate ward). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted with stroke or transient ischemic attack between January 2019 and June 2020 in the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR). The AuSCR monitors patients’ treatment setting, provision of allied health and nursing interventions, prescription of secondary prevention medications, and discharge destination. Weekly trends in the quality of care before and during the pandemic period were assessed using interrupted time series analyses. Results In total, 18,662 patients in 2019 and 8,850 patients in 2020 were included. Overall, 75% were treated in stroke units. Before the pandemic, treatment in a stroke unit was superior to alternate wards for the provision of all evidence-based therapies assessed. During the pandemic period, the proportion of patients receiving a swallow screen or assessment, being discharged to rehabilitation, and being prescribed secondary prevention medications decreased by 0.58% to 1.08% per week in patients treated in other ward settings relative to patients treated in stroke units. This change represented a 9% to 17% increase in the care gap between these treatment settings during the period of the pandemic that was evaluated (16 weeks). Conclusions During the first 6 months of the pandemic, widening care disparities between stroke units and alternate wards have occurred.
The global industry for unproven stem cell interventions and stem cell tourism
Dominique S. McMahon 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2014 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.11 No.1
Stem cells have been heralded as a potential treatment for a wide range of disease and injury, but the development of treatments is still only in initial stages with most applications not yet demonstrating strong clinical benefit. In the interim, the sale of unproven stem cell interventions has developed into a major industry globally. Patients pay for stem cell interventions for a multitude of diseases or injuries prior to evidence of their safety or efficacy, promised benefits beyond what the medical literature can substantiate. This review describes the characteristics of the global stem cell treatment industry, including the types of treatments offered, the location and regulatory environment in which unproven treatments are sold, and the mechanisms uses to access patients and distribute treatments. This paper finds stem cell tourism to be a subset of what may be a much larger industry for stem cell interventions. Stem cell interventions may be appropriate in exceptional circumstances for small numbers of patients. However, the widespread use of unproven stem cell interventions does not create the empirical evidence to qualify as research, nor provides the assurance of medical benefits to qualify as treatment, creating ethical and regulatory challenges for both patient care and the development safe and efficacious stem cell treatments.
Dominique Heinis,Antoine Lesuffleur,Christophe Gorecki,Philippe Gogol,Yannick Poujet 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1
We propose an original concept of a near-field optical sensor which uses the modifications of emission properties of a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) in the presence of optical feedback. The detection is based on monitoring the power modulation induced in the laser cavity by the backscattered light coming from the specimen. Test images confirm the efficiency of the proposed detection principle and its sensitivity to the polarization. We propose a massively parallel version of such microscope based on an array of VCSELs integrated with SNOM probes.
( Dominique Caouette ) 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2007 Pacific Focus Vol.22 No.2
In Southeast Asia, especially since the 1997 financial crisis, there has been a growing tendency, for NGOs, social movements and activist networks to organize and work transnationally. This paper explores one specific component of Sidney Tarrow`s most recent work on transnational activism, namely "the political processes that activists trigger to connect their local claims to those of others across borders and to international institutions, regimes, and processes." In doing so, I will try to answer the following questions: Is the emergence and expansion of transnational activism in Southeast Asia comparable to other regions of the world? What are the reasons that motivate local activists and how do they inscribe their demands and claims in transnational coalitions, networks and campaigns? And, in what ways does this participation in such form of collective action affect local level activism and influence for public policy changes? Using a process tracing approach, the proposed paper will discuss transnational activism in four East Asian countries, namely the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Hong Kong. The analysis of each transnational network reveals that different methodologies and processes that are deployed to link local concerns to global advocacy. These reflect certain organizational choices linked to certain conception of social change as well as different types of domestic structures.