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Dohyeong Kim 위기관리 이론과 실천 2011 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.1 No.1
Due to the natural process of beach erosion in the Cape Hatteras National Seashore in North Carolina, the Cape Hatteras lighthouse, a National Historic Monument, was moved inland in 1999 in order to be protected from being damaged or destroyed with persistent beach erosion. Beach renourishment was among the project alternatives considered to protect the lighthouse. However, neither the decision to move nor the possibility of using beach renourishment was considered as part of an economic evaluation of the National Park Service's decision to protect the lighthouse. This paper develops an ex post analysis of the benefits of protecting the lighthouse. The analysis takes advantage of a unique data set collected in 1993, prior to the decision to move the lighthouse. This survey assembles a panel with two surveys of the same respondents. The first is a baseline telephone survey to a random sample of 1000 NC households.It was intended to recruit respondents and collect information about their socioeconomic characteristics. The second interview contacted the same person, each individual agreeing to participate who had received a booklet describing the proposed beach renourishment plan. Benefit estimates are developed using a discrete choice contingent valuation framework. The panel structure allows the analysis to take account of a variety of selection effects that arise due to the structure of the two surveys and the specific valuation questions. An important aspect of the model derives the economic restrictions that would give rise to the selection effect associated with respondents' choices among beach protection plans offered as part of the survey. As a result, this analysis can develop benefit estimates that adjust for both the effects of interest in the topic on the response rate to a telephone based contingent valuation survey and the selection effect arising from different beach policy choices. Improved coastal planning requires better information about the costs of policy alternatives and the preferences of citizens affected by those policies. A non-market benefit analysis puts these preferences in monetary terms, comparable to the costs. This research has a unique opportunity to evaluate whether the consideration of policy alternatives for a decision that has been already made would have recommended a change in the outcome. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates how economic analysis and statistical modeling of selection effects can be integrated in the evaluation of discrete response contingent valuation data.
( Dohyeong Lee ),( Kwang Il Seo ),( Byung Chul Yun ),( Byung Hoon Han ),( Sang Uk Lee ),( Eun Taek Park ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been considered causing hypophosphatemia as well as proximal tubular toxicity and renal dysfunction. Clinically, many patients treated with TDF experienced various degree of hypophosphatemia, and some of them should be stopped due to severe hypophosphatemia. Therefore we investigated which factors induced moderate hypophosphatemia among patients treated with TDF. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of chronic hepatitis B patients who were initially prescribed TDF at kosin university hospital, busan, korea from January 2012 to January 2017. Baseline Phosphorus and follow-up Phosphorus levels were compared. The definition of hypophosphatemia is lower than 3.0 mg/dL. Results: 206 patients were treated with TDF. 128 patients were excluded for the following reasons. 59 patients had malignancy (including HCC), 36 patients had baseline Phosphorus check days not within 2 months of the first day of TDF administration, 14 patients were co-treated with TDF and other anti-viral agents, 14 patients were not followed up, and 5 patients had other reasons. Consequently, 78 patients were analyzed in this study. Median follow up duration was 350.5days. Follow up duration is the period from the day of tenofovir initiation to lowest phosphorus level. A total of 50 (64.1%) patients developed hypophosphatemia. There were 28 patients (35.8%) with less than 3 mg/dL, 16 patients (20.5%) with less than 2.5 mg/ dL and 6 patients (7.6%) with less than 2.0 mg/dL. Using univariate analysis, we found that male(HR= 3.397, P=0.022) and use of diuretics(HR= 12, P=0.021) and liver cirrhosis(HR=3.375, P=0.041) were significantly associated with hypophosphatemia. Using multivariate analysis, we found that male(HR= 3.836, P=0.024) and liver cirrhosis(HR= 6.062, P=0.002) was significantly associated with hypophosphatemia. Hypophosphatemia treatment was performed with nuts, dairy, protein intake(34 patients) or IV phosphorus(3 patient), or recommended stop drinking(3patient) and 25 out of 50 patients with hypophosphatemia recovered to normal levels. Conclusions: When using TDF in HBV patients, hypophosphatemia may be more likely to occur in men or in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, in these patients, phosphorus should be closely monitored when TDF is used and appropriate treatment should be performed in case of hypophosphatemia.
Voting turnout and population health status in the OECD countries: the role of healthcare systems
Dohyeong Kim,Hyoung Ah Kim 위기관리 이론과 실천 2019 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.9 No.1
Despite ample evidence on individual-level relationship between voting behaviors and health conditions, the country-level bidirectional association between political participation and health outcome remain uncertain. We used simultaneous equation methods to explore the bidirectional connection between self-reported health status and voting turnout among 36 OECD countries. The results confirmed that health condition promotes voting turnout and a higher voting rate also stimulates health status, even at the country level. Our approach could provide a framework for understanding a recursive interrelationship between the aggregated health and political indicators, highlighting the roles of country-level institutional and cultural determinants.