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미래기술개발 필요분야와 R&D정책 : 에너지와 환경부문을 중심으로
허형도 동국대학교 경제경영연구원 무역연구부 1997 國際貿易硏究 Vol.21 No.2
Despite of having much more favorable energy situation than our country, the major developed countries are still fighting hard against energy security. Recently, they concentrate their investment on the sector of R&D for new energy technologies. This research presents the results of the analysis on the main components of energy R&D policy conducted by the major countries, which in expected to contribute to refine our R&D policy. From this study we know that each country has his own favorite field of R&D derived from the difference in characteristics of resources, level of technology and choice of innovation strategy, on which a series of more intensive study is recommended to be followed.
순수 P2P를 위한 NAT 내부의 Relay Server 토폴로지에 관한 연구
손형도,강승찬 한국기술교육대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.13 No.1
Lately, the use of the NAT (Network Address Translator) has become unavoidable with the increase of P2P traffic along with the exhaustion of IPv4 IP address. Due to NAT properties, NAT's internal host can only be connected through a relay method using the outside server. Accordingly, there is a lot of resource exhaustion of the relay server on the NAT exterior and network traffic increases. This essay proposes a topology that can form sessions to the NAT interior from the NAT exterior and that will decrease network traffic by placing NAT exterior relay servers in the NAT interior.
석유자원의 안정적 확보방안 : 비축 및 선물거래를 중심으로
허형도 동국대학교 경주대학 1995 東國論集 Vol.14 No.-
Because international oil markets are not guranted in stability in the future, we accepted the storage and futures transaction policy to overcome our importing country situation. But the most of petroleum storage are dependent on the government storage and the quantity of storage is very small to the developed countrie's level of stable seculity. All the more, futures transaction is still in basic stage. The summary of main results of thia study which present the stable security device of petroleum resources relative to the storage and futures transaction, are following as : First, in future, the plan of constructing storage facilities is accomodated to enlarge the scale in basis on the mid and long term demand forcasting of petroleum. Second, the regional divergence and circulation of storage, which is an advantage of commocial storage, is strongly encouraged by substantial supporting to storage cost. Third, in case of government storage, the security device of oil storage is changed to the various techniques, such like, the international futures transaction, the option and the swap transaction. Fourth, the cooperative storage policy with neighboring countries, such like, communicating information for storage business, participation of urgent accomodation system in storage oil, cooperative management and utilization for storage facilities, is expected to set up. Finally, the positive participation of the commercial oil refining business in the futures transaction markets is encouraged by incentives, and the long-run master plan for the participating futures markets must be established.
요추 Y-각 협착증 : 요추간 협착증의 새로운 개념 New Concept of Lumbar Stenosis
김영수,조용은,박형천,윤도흠,노성우 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.1
Authors measured the Y-shaped angle made by both yellow ligaments and both laminae named Y-angle at the spinal CT scan in normal and lumbar stenosis group. The normal range of Y-angle is between 60˚and 95˚. Lumbar stenosis is classified into narrow Y-angle stenosis(<60°) and wide Y-angle stenosis(>95°) by Y-angle. Narrow Y-angle stenosis is most common in degenerative spondylotic stenosis. Wide Y-angle is most common in congenital stenosis. The Y-angle is a simple and useful diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis on CT scan and MEU scan.
Fluoxetine이 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia가 유발된 백서 뇌에서 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 발현에 미치는 영향
이기철,이정호,최영민,정주호,정홍경,이용민,김도형,이대환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2
연구목적: Fluoxetine은 serotonin을 매개하여 간접적으로 dopamine 신경전달기능을 억제한다고 추정되고 있다. 또한 운동장애에서 운동기능의 악화를 유발한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 신경세포체에서 fluoxetine이 dopamine에 어떠한 영향을 주는지는 아직까지 확실치 않다. 저자들은 schedule-induced polydipsia를 유발시킨 백서 뇌의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 발현이 저하됨을 발견하였다. 이를 통해서 fluoxetine이 백서 뇌의 dopamine 기능에 긍정적인지 혹은 부정적인지를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 4주간의 schedule-induced polydipsia 과정을 거친 백서에서 면역죄치화학적인 방법으로 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 저하됨을 확인한 후, 실험동물들에게 fluoxetine 10mg/kg를 3주간 복강내 주사하였다. 실험백서들을 희생시켜 뇌 조직을 적출하여, TH 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 흑질, 복부피개영역, 그리고 미상핵의 TH 면역반응세포를 관찰하고 이를 정상백서와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 다갈증이 유발된 백서의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 정상백서 보다 저하됨을 관찰하였다. 2) 3주간에 걸친 fluoxetine 투여후 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase 발현이 다시 증가하는 소견을 보였다. 결론: Fluoxetine 만성투여가 흑질, 복부피개영역 그리고 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase를 증가시키는 소견을 얻었다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 dopamine 결핍과 연관된 질환들에서 fluoxetine을 만성투여하면 운동기능을 포함한 증상들의 개선을 가져올 수도 있다고 추정된다. Objective: It has been suggested that fluoxetine inhibits the dopaminergic neurotransmission by serotonergic mediation. And also, it has been shown to inhibit synthesis of DOPA in dopamine-rich areas of the rat forebrain. These dopamine-antagonistic capacity of fluoxetine is only supported by anecdotal report that the increased amount of motor disability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to fluoxetine. However, there is still no evidence of the direct effect of fluoxetine on dopaminergic neuronal cell body in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine in rat brain which showed decreased numbers of dopaminergic neuronal cell body induced by schedule-induced polydipsia(SIP). Method: We incidentally found that 4 weeks of schedule-induced polydipsic rats revealed the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen with the immunohistochemistric measures. After 3 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of fluoxetine to the schedule induced polydipsic rats, the tyrosine hydroxylase expression was also measured with immunohistochemistry. We compared the tyrosine hydroxylase expression among the normal control, the polydipsic rats, and the rats with fluoxetine treatment. Results: 1) By contrast with the control, the polydipsic rats revealed the evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. 2)After daily injection of fluoxetine for 3 weeks, the polydipsic rats showed increment of tyrosine hydroxyase expression in those areas. Conclusions: In previous studies, a great deal of results suggest that fluoxetine negatively influence the dopaminergic systems indirectly via serotonergic activation such as inhibition of dopamine synthesis or transport system. Although our results are obtained from rodents, we suggest that fluoxetine directly and positively enhance the dopamine system in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. The chronic adminstration of fluoxetine may be helpful to dopamine-depleted condition in clinical situations. We anticipate the replication studies of our findings and well-controlled clinical trial.
( Hyung Joon Kim ),( Sun Young Cho ),( Woo Hee Cho ),( Do Hyun Lee ),( Do Hyoung Lim ),( Pil Won Seo ),( Mi Hyun Park ),( Wonae Lee ),( Jai Hyuen Lee ),( Doh Hyung Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.5
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is usually caused by extrinsic compression or invasion of the superior vena cava (SVC) by malignant tumors involving mediastinal structures. Although thymomas are well-known causes of SVCS, cases of SVCS caused by malignant thymomas protruding into adjacent vessels draining the SVC with thrombosis have been very rarely reported worldwide. We experienced a 39-year-old female patient with SVCS that developed after the direct invasion of the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) and SVC by an anterior mediastinal mass with a high maximum standardized uptake value on the chest computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT. Based on these results, she underwent en bloc resection of the tumor, including removal of the involved vessels, and was eventually diagnosed as having a type B2 thymoma permeating into the LBCV and SVC. We present this case as a very rare form of SVCS caused by an invasive thymoma.
Doh Hyung Kim,Jae Hyun Lee,Byung Ha Kim,Eun Kyung Choi,Jae Seok Park,Keun Youl Kim,Young Hi Choi,Na Hye Myong,Kye Young Lee 대한내과학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.17 No.2
Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) is an unusual form of pulmonary aspergillosis arising in the setting of mildly immune compromised state or altered local defense system. CNPA rarely shows histological findings mimicking bronchocentric gra